[Surgery for apical invading lung cancer].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Ohata
Publications and source records attributed to M Ohata.
Bone changes and aortic calcification in aging inhabitants of mountain versus seacoast communities in the Kii Peninsula.
Bone changes and aortic calcification were compared radiographically for different age groups of the inhabitants of two communities on the Kii Peninsula at the central southern tip of the Japanese mainland, one a mountainous Shichikawa village with a traditionally restricted nutritional intake and the other a seacoast village on Oshima Island with an abundant nutritional supply. Changes in the physical properties of the bone were also assessed by resonance measurement. In the mountainous village, bone loss appeared to occur more rapidly than in the seacoast village, as indicated by a significantly higher frequency of thoracic vertebral deformity and more pronounced age-bound decrease of ulnar resonant frequency. Aortic calcification was also more frequent in Shichikawa than on Oshima Island. Such differences were more evident in women than in men. The poorer nutritional intake (especially of calcium and vitamin D) of persons living in the mountainous village (which receives less sunshine) might be responsible for the accelerated age-bound degenerative changes observed in their skeletal and vascular systems.
Adult↗
Electron microscope study on the innervation of guinea pig liver--proposal of sensory nerve terminals in the hepatic parenchyme.
Innervation of guinea pig livers was investigated by electron microscopy. Thinner unmyelinated autonomic nerves in the portal tract were found to contain many synaptic vesicles in their varicosities: small granular, agranular vesicles and a few large dense-cored vesicles, in addition to a few small mitochondria with sparse cristae, glycogen particles and occasional lysosomes. These adrenergic varicosities showed morphological signs suggesting emiocytotic release of transmitter substance through their naked surface into the portal space; they showed no synaptic contact with cells in the portal space. A cross section of a possible sensory nerve composed of several large axons filled with small mitochondria was identified in the portal space. Occasional large mitochondria-rich axon profiles, probably sensory in nature, were also present in the autonomic nerve. They seemed to be distributed in the hepatic parenchyme making large sensory terminals. In the Disse's spaces thin autonomic nerves composed of varicose axons were observed. Here also, the varicosities contained synaptic vesicles with adrenergic characteristics. Some of them freely terminated in the Disse's space suggesting the release of transmitter substance into the space, but the majority of them made synaptic contacts with hepatocytes. Ito cells received relatively numerous synaptic contacts from the adrenergic terminals. The sinusoidal endothelial lining received no synaptic contacts but only nerve approaches over a wide distance ("synapses per distance"). The Kupffer cell infrequently sent a cytoplasmic process into the Disse's space to form a synaptic contact with an axon varicosity. Presumed sensory terminals were characterized by their extraordinarily large sizes and by their contents of abundant small mitochondria with sparse cristae, glycogen particles and scanty small granular and agranular vesicles. These terminals closely contacted the Ito cell and/or hepatocyte. In guinea pig liver, only adrenergic varicosities or terminals were identified in addition to probable sensory terminals.
Animals↗
A transmission electron microscopic study on sinusoidal cells of guinea pig liver, with special reference to the occurrence of a canalicular system and "pored domes" in the endothelium.
Hepatic sinusoidal cells in the guinea pig were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A meandering canalicular system was detected in the sinusoidal endothelial cell both in thicker portions of cytoplasmic extensions and in small areas of the perikaryon. It consisted of meandering canaliculi with vacuolar expansions and constrictions, which penetrated the endothelial cytoplasm, forming as a whole a network. The canaliculi possessed more than two openings which usually communicated with the sinusoid, but occasionally poured themselves into the Disse's space. This network of canaliculi seems to permit infiltration of blood plasma. The "pored domes" recorded by Fujita and his collaborators on the glomerular endothelium of the rat and rabbit kidney were also revealed on the perikaryonal cytoplasm of the sinusoidal endothelium of guinea pig liver. Osmium-blackened lipid droplets were found in the sinusoidal endothelium, which suggested the release of lipid into the sinusoid. Short-term administrations of excessive vitamin A exerted no influence on the endothelial lipid droplets. The guinea pig is a rodent species which stores a very small amount of lipid droplets in its fat-storing cells and the so-called empty fat-storing cells were frequently detected. A single cilium was often found in the fat-storing cells in the guinea pig as in other species.
Animals↗
[Operative procedure for simultaneous spontaneous pneumothorax].
We have treated 542 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax during the past 20 years, among them 40 cases of bilateral simultaneous spontaneous pneumothorax and 55 cases of non-simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax were included. This paper discusses when the bilateral operation for bilateral simultaneous spontaneous pneumothorax can be carried out and operative approach to bilateral simultaneous thoracotomy. The following results were obtained: Contralateral pneumothorax after an operation for unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax occurred in 25% of teenagers. In cases of spontaneous pneumothorax with occurrence of contralateral pneumothorax, bilateral simultaneous thoracotomy must be performed. In cases of simultaneous spontaneous pneumothorax, we performed simultaneous bilateral thoracotomy, thereby decreasing the psychologic tension of patients and shortening the hospitalization period. The bilateral axillary incision for simultaneous bilateral thoracotomy in cases of simultaneous spontaneous pneumothorax caused least blood loss compared with median sternotomy and transverse bilateral thoracotomy. The transverse bilateral thoracotomy, on the other hand, opens up a larger operating field.
Adolescent↗
Regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in beagle dogs of different ages.
Regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) were studied in unanesthetized Beagle dogs in five age groups. Significant age-related differences did not occur in the cingulate, pyriform or visual cortices, cerebellar flocculus, corpus callosum, or cerebellar white matter. However, age-related decrements were apparent in 15 of the 22 brain regions examined. The apparent time course of age effect on rCMRglc varied among the brain regions. Most regions had significantly lower rCMRglc at 6 years than at 1 year. Decrements of more than 25% were seen in the mammillary bodies, pons, hippocampus, superior colliculus, basis of the midbrain, temporal cortex, geniculate bodies, caudate nucleus, and superior frontal gyrus. There were no age differences in rCMRglc at 10-12 years compared with 6 years. Senescence-associated decrements (after 6 years) were noted in only 5 regions: the frontal and temporal cortices, mammillary bodies, and areas involved in sensory functions. The results indicate that rCMRglc in the adult Beagle brain declines by midlife, and continues to decline in some brain regions through senescence.
Age Factors↗
Electron microscopic studies on the sinusoidal cells in the monkey liver.
The sinusoidal wall was observed by transmission electron microscopy in crab-eating monkey livers. The perikarya of sinusoidal endothelial cells were characterized by numerous macropinocytotic vacuoles and curved smooth-surfaced tubules of high electron density. Size and spacing of fenestrae in endothelial sieve plates corresponded to essentially those in other mammalian species including the human. It was verified that the high concentration of microfilaments was responsible for the electron dense appearance of the sieve plate in tangential sections. Besides occasional overlapping of endothelial sheets, complicated interdigitations of several short lamellae originating from endothelial processes occasionally caused a layered structure of the endothelial lining. Kupffer cells were strikingly rich in lysosomes and contained large mitochondria and phagosomes. They were fixed to the endothelial lining by patches of junctional complexes identical with those between endothelial cells. Ito cells of the monkey liver demonstrated, like those of the human liver, many smooth-surfaced caveolae and vesicles along their perisinusoidal surface, suggesting their micropinocytotic activity. They also contained glycogen beta-particles which were partly gathered around lipid vacuoles. The electron dense droplets enclosed by glycogen particles as revealed in human Ito cells and regarded as immature lipid droplets retaining the chemical properties of glycogen, could rarely be confirmed in the present study. Between the Ito cell and hepatocyte there occurred many junctional complexes. The space of Disse contained, besides abundant collagen fibrils, numerous fine filaments forming irregular meshworks or bundles which resembled fibrillar material (precursor of collagen) in appearance in the dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of the Ito cell. These filaments often entwined the collagen fibrils in the Disse's space as if to participate by apposition in their development. The question, whether pinocytosis-like structures of the Ito cell might be involved in the precursor transport from the cisternae of the RER to the Disse's space, remained unanswered.
Adipose Tissue↗
Effects of immobilization stress on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Immobilization of unanesthetized, freely breathing, 10-12 month-old, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) did not significantly alter regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 13 of 14 brain regions assayed. After 5 or 15 min of immobilization, rCBF was unchanged except at the frontal lobe, where it rose significantly by 21%. Furthermore, immobilization did not increase the cerebrovascular permeability-area product for 14C-sucrose, except at three brain regions. The results indicate that immobilization of SHR does not significantly affect rCBF or blood-brain barrier permeability in most regions of the brain, and suggest that adequate autoregulation of rCBF is maintained under stress.
Animals↗
Electron microscopic observations on single cilia in the intrahepatic biliary ducts in some birds.
The intrahepatic biliary passage in five species of birds was investigated with the transmission electron microscope. The avian liver was characterized by a frequent occurrence of intralobular bile ductules and canaliculo-ductular junctions in the parenchyma. It was further characterized by solitary bile ductular epithelial cells intercalated among hepatocytes surrounding bile canaliculi. The present study first revealed that avian bile ductular epithelial cells possess a long single cilium. Its basal body (distal centriole) was connected to a basal foot and slender rootlet and accompanied by a proximal centriole. The hepatocytes facing the bile passage possessed no cilium, although they frequently had a diplosome in their apical cytoplasm. The single cilia of the bile ductular epithelium gradually tapered toward the tip. The original fiber pattern in the most proximal part was peripheral 9 doublets +0. In the ciliary shaft, the doublets altered into singlets which were diminished in number gradually toward the distal parts of the shaft, so that in the tip only one singlet remained. Since these fiber patterns in the single cilia markedly deviated from the 9 + 2 fiber pattern of the ordinary motile cilia, they may not be motile, but properly regarded as sensory or chemoreceptors.
Animals↗
Electron microscopic study on the sinusoidal wall of the liver in the flatfish, Kareius bicoloratus: demonstration of numerous desmosomes along the sinusoidal wall.
The liver of the flatfish, Kareius bicoloratus was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The hepatocytes surround the bile canaliculi and are loosely disposed with few connections in between. The architecture of the hepatic tissue is first supported by junctional complexes between hepatocytes abutting on the bile canalicular lumen, second, by intraparenchymal bile ductules connecting with hepatocytes through desmosomes and third, by particular "desmosomal complexes" composed of numerous desmosomes arranged along the interhepatocytic space and accompanied by bundles of microfilaments in the cells. The fourth, and most important supporting factor of the hepatic tissue, consists of sinusoidal cells including adjacent hepatocytes connected by many desmosomes. The Disse's space lacks collagen fibrils but contains filaments of type IV collagen. Sinusoidal cells are reinforced by abundant microfilaments in their cytoplasm. Desmosomes occur between endothelial cells, which are further connected by other desmosomes to hepatocytes as well as Ito cells. Desmosomes are most numerous around the Ito cells. Thus, the cells forming the sinusoidal wall are interconnected by many desmosomes, forming as a whole a strong framework which supports the hepatic tissue. The desmosomes between the sinusoidal cells are characterized, except for those between endothelial cells themselves, by the presence of zones of microfilaments on both of their sides which extend parallel to the desmosomal plaques and are believed to strengthen the desmosomal connection. No Kupffer cells could be identified in the sinusoid, but macrophages were demonstrated in the parenchyma near the Disse's space.
Adipose Tissue↗
Electron microscopic study on avian livers with special remarks on the fine structure of sinusoidal cells.
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Adipose Tissue↗
[Bone metabolism and vertebral compression fracture. Studies with bone resonant measurement].
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Aged↗
[Severe chest trauma caused by falls from heights].
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Accidents↗
[Plastic reconstruction of the trachea].
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Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
Effects of immobilization stress on regional cerebral blood flow in the conscious rat.
Immobilization stress of conscious, normotensive, freely breathing 10-month-old Wistar-Kyoto rats produced an overall decline in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), as measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine, except at the frontal lobe. In 14 brain regions, rCBF fell by an average of 14.3% after 5 min of immobilization and by 11.9% after 15 min. Immobilization stress also stimulated hyperventilation and thereby reduced PaCO2. The slope relating rCBF to PaCO2 averaged 1.5 ml 100 g-1 min-1 mm Hg-1 in 9 significantly affected regions. The findings suggest that rCBF declines during immobilization stress because of cerebrovascular constriction caused by a reduction in PaCO2. Comparison of the average slope with published values in indicates furthermore that were PaCO2 to remain unchanged during immobilization, rCBF would increase by at most 20%.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Regional cerebral blood flow during development and ageing of the rat brain.
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the conscious Fischer-344 rat was measured in 14 brain regions at 5 different ages. rCBF increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in most anterior brain regions between 1 and 3 months of age, but not in phylogenetically more primitive regions from the mid- and hindbrain that may have matured prior to 1 month of age. rCBF tended to increase or remain constant between 3 and 12 months, and rose significantly in the frontal lobe. Between 12 and 24 months of age, rCBF declined by an average of 17 per cent and fell significantly in 5 brain regions, mainly from the posterior brain, and in some, possibly in relation to partial functional deafferentation. There were no statistically significant changes in rCBF between 24 and 34 months of age. rCBF and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) do not follow identical time courses during development and maturation of the rat brain. A fall in LCGU between 3 and 12 months of age, when rCBF remains constant or tends to rise, may reflect increased sensitivity of the cerebrovascular bed to metabolic factors which regulate cerebral blood flow.
Aging↗
Local cerebral glucose utilization during development and aging of the Fischer-344 rat.
Local cerebral glucose utilization was measured in brain regions of awake Fischer-344 rats. Measurements were taken in 15 regions of 1-month-old rats, and 19 regions of 3-, 12-, 24-, and 34-month-old rats. Between 1 and 3 months, glucose utilization tended to increase in all brain regions; statistically significant increases occurred in seven regions. Between the ages of 3 and 12 months, glucose utilization decreased significantly in 12 regions. The greatest reductions (25% or more) occurred in the striatum, inferior colliculus, and pons, but the hypothalamus and thalamus, nucleus accumbens, and septum showed no statistically significant change. Cerebral glucose utilization did not change between 12 and 24 months or between 24 and 34 months of age. The results demonstrate a rise in cerebral glucose utilization with development from 1 to 3 months, a decline between 3 and 12 months, and a constancy in the second and third years that does not reflect reported senescence-associated neurochemical and morphological cerebral changes.
Aging↗
An electron microscopic study of the kitten liver with special reference to fat-storing cells.
In a 67-day -old female kitten, the morphological differentiation of the hepatic parenchyma has been electron microscopically examined. 1)In spite of the advanced ultrastructural differentiation of the hepatocyte, the usual location of the Golgi complex to the apical cytoplasm around the bile canaliculus has not yet been established. Numerous mitochondria are mingled with round microbodies characterized by a marginal plate and a crystalloid core. Tubular cisternae of the SER occur only around the microbodies and lack within the accumulation of glycogen alpha-particles. 2)The sinusoidal lining has been fully differentiated and is composed of the "cytoplasmic processes" and the "sieve plates" whose fenestrae average 13300 A in diameter. 3) Kupffer cell shows an active phagocytosis to blood cells. The fuzzy coat is unsatisfactorily preserved. The cytoplasm occasionally shows short segments of a worm-like body. 4) The fat-storing cell (FSC) contains a small amount of lipid droplets which mostly appear within the dense accumulation of glycogen beta-particles. Also empty FSCs devoid of lipid droplets mostly possess glycogen accumulations. The glycogen accumulations enclosing lipid droplets are closely juxtaposed by cisternae of the RER and mitochondria, suggesting the possible involvement of these organelles as well as glycogen in the lipid synthesis in the FSC. In most FSCs, abundant cisternae of the RER are dilated and filled up with a finely flocculent material, suggesting an active production of collagen precursor. The FSCs possess abundant microfilaments and microtubules. A single cilium is issued into the Disse's space from one of the paired centrioles located in the Golgi area. 5) The Disse's space of the kitten contains, besides FSCs, plasma cells and macrophages. The latter agree in ultrastructure with the Kupffer cells and are assumed to be transformed into them by being incorporated in the endothelial lining of the sinusoid.
Animals↗