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Biomedical subjects

M Oda

Publications and source records attributed to M Oda.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Apolipoprotein E in progressive supranuclear palsy in Japan.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease which shows several psychiatric and neurologic symptoms: pseudobulbar palsy, supranuclear ocular palsy, extrapyramidal rigidity, gait ataxia, and dementia. Almost all cases seem to be sporadic; therefore, the elucidation of risk factors is important to clarify the pathological mechanism. Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is now well established as a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report the ApoE allele frequency in PSP, which shares pathological findings such as neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) with AD. NFT is an important sign for the derangement of normal cytoskeletons in degenerating neurons. Although there was no significant increase in epsilon 4 allele frequency in the present series of PSP cases compared with that in the Japanese controls, there was a significant increase in the epsilon 2 allele frequency in PSP compared to controls.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Identification of indispensable residues for specific DNA-binding in the imperfect tandem repeats of c-Myb R2R3.

The individual repeats, R2 and R3, of the minimum specific DNA-binding domain (R2R3) of c-Myb have very similar structures, with a helix-turn-helix variation motif, although their sequence identity in the tandem repeats is only 31%. From previous mutational and structural studies, the third helices in both repeats were shown to directly recognize the specific base sequence, PyAACG/TG. In order to elucidate the reason for the imperfection of the tandem repeats at amino acid positions other than the recognition helices, a series of R2R3 mutants was generated by swapping the helices and the N-terminus in R2 to those in R3. Consequently, the sequence composing the first helix of R2 was found to be essential for specific DNA-binding, in addition to the third recognition helix of R2. Further mutational studies revealed that the only indispensable residues in the first helix are Val103 and Val1O7, which are involved in the hydrophobic core of R2. These residues do not directly interact with the DNA, but they contribute to the correct formation of helix 1 and the characteristic packing of R2, which is slightly different from that of R3, and are required for specific base recognition through strong cooperativity with R3.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1997

Alteration of basic fibroblast growth factor concentration and immunoreactivity in healing of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage: effect of sofalcone.

To clarify the interaction of endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in healing of gastric mucosal damage, histochemical and biochemical observations were undertaken. In addition, the effect of sofalcone on ulcer healing and especially on angiogenesis was studied. Male Wistar rats were used. Ethanol (50%) was administered through an orogastric tube. Thirty minutes after ethanol administration, an aqueous solution of sofalcone (100 mg/100 g b.w.) or the same amount of physiologic saline was administered in the same way. At 1, 3, and 12 h after sofalcone treatment, the localization of endothelial cells and myofibroblasts was studied. The bFGF concentration was decreased at 3 and 12 h in rats treated with ethanol alone, but addition of sofalcone did not alter the content of bFGF 3.5 and 12.5 h after sofalcone administration. Sofalcone had a strong influence on healing of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage, possibly through an indomethacin-sensitive, prostanoid-related increase in bFGF concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Basic fibroblast growth factor increases constitutive nitric oxide synthase during healing of rat gastric ulcers.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis during healing of rat gastric ulcers. After experimental gastric ulcers were induced by acetic acid, rats were treated with vehicle, recombinant human bFGF (CS23, 10 micrograms/kg) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 1 mg/kg), an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, through an orogastric tube twice daily for 3 days or 1 week. CS23 significantly reduced ulcer size, and L-NAME significantly delayed healing compared with the vehicle group and significantly inhibited the efficacy of CS23. Although constitutive NOS (cNOS) activity significantly decreased and inducible NOS (iNOS) activity significantly increased in the vehicle group, CS23 significantly inhibited these changes. cNOS immunoreactivity on the vessels and neurons disappeared in the vehicle group, and newly formed vessels as well as neurons were observed with positive endothelial and neuronal NOS immunoreactivity in the CS23-treated group. External administration of bFGF accelerated ulcer healing, with recovery of NO synthesis in both endothelial cells and neurons. These observations suggested that increased NO synthesis with angiogenesis and reinnervation has a beneficial effect on gastric ulcer healing.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1997

New 3-dimensional mapping device for cystoscopy.

PURPOSE: The crucial shortcoming of cystoscopy is that it does not measure the size of observed objects, and so we developed a new device that adds measurement capability to the cystoscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The device consists of 5 arms linked to each other by freely bending joints. Before use 1 end of the arm is fixed to the examination table and the other end is linked to the eyepiece of the cystoscope. While linked to the arms, the cystoscope can move freely in any direction. Each joint carries an accurate sensor to measure its angle. The angle measurements are calculated collectively to obtain the 3-dimensional coordinates at the tip of the cystoscope. The tip of the cystoscope can be moved to the other side of the objects to be measured, which provides a pair of 3-dimensional coordinates, because the distance between them can be calculated. RESULTS: We could calculate the distance between the bladder neck and each ureteral orifice, and the angle of the bladder neck formed with the left and right orifices in clinical cases. By continuous measurement of the location of the bladder neck and the ureteral orifice, it was clearly demonstrated that the distance between them increased as the bladder filled. CONCLUSIONS: Our computer assisted, 3-dimensional mapping device can replace unreliable cystoscopic assessment with more reliable numerical values. New diagnostic criteria based on the exact numerical values can be established with the use of this device.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed1997

Loss of large myelinated nerve fibres of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients with multiple system atrophy and vocal cord palsy.

OBJECTIVES: Vocal cord palsy seen in some patients with multiple system atrophy may result from neuronopathy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. METHODS: Six controls and six patients with multiple system atrophy, four with and two without vocal cord palsy were studied. The number of myelinated nerve fibres were counted and fibre diameter histograms were established for the motor and sensory divisions of the laryngeal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. RESULTS: Although both groups of patients with multiple system atrophy showed selective loss of the myelinated fibres in the motor branch, the change was greater in those with vocal cord palsy than in those without. The small myelinated nerve fibres (diameter < 7 microm) were decreased in number in both multiple system atrophy groups, whereas the large myelinated nerve fibres (diameter < 8 microm) were decreased only in those with vocal cord palsy, and preserved in those without the symptom. CONCLUSION: In multiple system atrophy, the small myelinated fibres innervating the vocal cord are affected first, without obvious clinical signs. The patient develops vocal cord palsy only after the loss of the large myelinated fibres, which mostly comprise the alpha motor axons that innervate the intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1997

Focal cortical dysplasia: appearance on MR images.

PURPOSE: To clarify the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the MR images of 14 patients with FCD, which was confirmed with histologic examination. RESULTS: MR images exhibited FCD in 13 of the 14 patients. All lesions were localized to part of one hemisphere. T2-weighted images showed blurring of the gray matter-white matter junction and abnormal signal intensity in the white matter in 11 patients. T1-weighted images showed blurring of the gray matter-white matter junction in seven patients, broad gyri in nine, thick cortices in nine, abnormal sulci in 10, and focal enlargement of the overlying subarachnoid space or adjacent ventricle in eight. Surgical specimens exhibited disruption of cortical lamination without abnormal gyration in all patients, cytomegalic neurons in the cortex in three, disorganized bizarre glial cells in the cortex in seven, ectopic neurons or bizarre glial cells in the white matter in nine, and blurring of the gray matter-white matter junction in one. CONCLUSION: Blurring of the gray matter-white matter junction with abnormal signal intensity in the white matter on T2-weighted images is characteristic of FCD. The presence of ectopic neurons and bizarre glial cells, dysmyelination, and a reduction in the number of myelinated fibers might have been responsible for the MR imaging characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The transport of ciprofloxacin in cultured kidney epithelial cells LLC-PK1.

In this study, the transport characteristics of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) were investigated in a LLC-PK1 kidney epithelial cell line. CPFX uptake from the apical medium into LLC-PK1 cells on plastic dishes was shown to be temperature-dependent. Guanidine and cimetidine inhibited the uptake of CPFX, whereas tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) and N1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) did not. CPFX transport across LLC-PK1 cell monolayers cultured on permeable supports was about 1.8 times larger in the basolateral-to-apical direction than in the apical-to-basolateral direction. Both the basolateral-to-apical and apical-to-basolateral transport of CPFX were inhibited by guanidine, whereas CPFX transport in both directions was not inhibited by TEA, NMN, or cimetidine. The basolateral-to-apical transport of CPFX was sensitive to the pH of the apical medium, and increased in an acidic pH. Enoxacin (ENX) as well as guanidine, inhibited the basolateral-to-apical transport of CPFX, and the inhibitory effect of ENX was sensitive to the pH of the apical side of the monolayers.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Preparation and evaluation of solid dispersions of pilocarpine hydrochloride for alleviation of xerostomia].

This investigation was carried out to try the application of pilocarpine hydrochloride (PC) solid dispersion as sustained release dosage form. Four preparations of PC with ethylcellulose and/or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate were prepared by the organic solvent method. The preparation D including PC: ethylcellulose: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (1:9:10 at weight ratio) showed the best sustained release behavior in dissolution test among four preparations. The preparation D was examined by powder X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry, and confirmed to be solid dispersion. Saliva secretory effect of preparation D was examined in healthy male volunteers, and its effect for Xerostomia was showed.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1997

Coexistence of ganglioglioma and cortical dysplasia in a patient with intractable epilepsy--case report.

An 8-year-old girl presented with coexistence of ganglioglioma and cortical dysplasia manifesting as intractable epilepsy. Preoperative computed tomography demonstrated a small calcified lesion in the left frontal lobe which was not diagnosed as ganglioglioma. Magnetic resonance imaging also failed to demonstrate positive evidence of ganglioglioma or cortical dysplasia. A calcified tumor and the surrounding epileptogenic areas were resected under electrocorticography (ECoG) guidance. Histological examination revealed coexistence of ganglioglioma and cortical dysplasia. The patient became seizure-free after surgery. Resection of the ganglioglioma together with the adjacent epileptogenic area under intraoperative ECoG guidance is important to achieve a successful surgical result in patients with ganglioglioma.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1997

Results of the multicenter natural interferon-alpha treatment for chronic hepatitis C: correlation between total dose, administration periods and efficacy of therapy. Keio Natural IFN-alpha study group.

The efficacy of different doses and administration periods of interferon (IFN)-alpha treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C was retrospectively evaluated by using the return of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to normal levels 12 months after therapy as an index. Two hundred forty-one patients with chronic hepatitis C received 6 to 9 mega units of IFN-alpha once, twice, or three times per week for a different number of weeks. ALT levels generally returned to normal in 77 of the 241 patients (32.0%). The efficacy of IFN-alpha therapy with a total dose of 350 mega units or more was significantly superior to that with 350 mega units or less (30 to 45%, p < 0.05). However, the efficacy was the same if a total dose was more than 350 mega units, and more than 700 mega units did not improve the response rate. Administration periods of more than 6 months and less than 1 year appeared to be the most effective in this study. To achieve a complete response, administration three times a week was better than once a week. The higher the dose administered within a certain period, the higher was the efficacy of the IFN-alpha treatment. However, the factors affecting response must be further studied, because there are patients who respond to therapy with a total of only about 200 mega units, and patients who do not respond even to 800 mega units given for more than 1 year.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Postprostatectomy dysuria: restored voiding function by perineal hot water spray in an old male with a contractile bladder].

The hot water spray on perineum restored voiding function in a 77-year-old male patient with the poorly contractile bladder. He noticed the gradual decrease of bladder sensation and voiding stream, and needed clean intermittent catheterization to empty bladder even after TUR-P. Neurological examination revealed only weakened anal and bulbocavernosus reflex and impaired skin sensation of foot plate and perineum. Simple cystometry showed impaired perception of bladder filling and underactive bladder. Electromyography of the pelvic floor displayed decreased responses to bladder filling and voluntary sphincter contraction. Spine-X-ray examination and computed tomography of brain and spinal cord did not reveal any neurological lesions except for the silent small infarction of subcortex. Trial of drug therapy with Distigmine bromide, Cernilton and Prazosin did not restore voiding function. By accident, however, patient himself found spontaneous voiding could be induced by hot water spray on perineum and/or scrotum during bidet using. Since then, he has been continuing this stimulation daily for 4 years, with which almost complete voiding is possible without catheterization, though bladder sensation remains impaired. The pathophysiology and affecting factors on micturition reflex in this case were discussed.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1997

[Pathological spectrum of neuronal migration disorder].

A variety of brain malformative lesions, resulting mainly from abnormalities in neuronal migration, have been recently highlighted with increasing knowledge on surgical pathology of intractable epilepsy. In this article, a wide spectrum of pathology in and around the neuronal migration period are reviewed. Morphological changes of lissencephalies, polymicrogyria, microdysgenesis and focal cortical dysplasia were described, as well as some problems in the classification of malformative brains.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

[Neurologic diseases of enterovirus infections: polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and enteroviruses type 68-72].

Neurologic diseases are common manifestations in enteroviral infections, and most common is aseptic meningitis in children. Only a few percents of poliovirus infected children may result in aseptic meningitis or paralytic poliomyelitis. VAPP (Vaccine Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis) should be considered among patients with a recent history of receiving OPV (oral polio vaccine). Recently PCR analysis has been used in order to differentiate vaccine-strain from wild-strain poliovirus. There are no specific laboratory findings about enterovirus infections in CNS, however CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) in acute phase may show elevated, predominant polymorphonuclear cells and mean-while shift to mononuclear cell dominance. The G-CSF concentration in CSF with enteroviral meningitis is elevated, which indicates that induced G-CSF is responsible for neutrophil predominance in CSF.

Coxsackievirus Infections↗
PubMed1997

[Renal cell carcinoma in acquired cystic disease of kidney (ACDK) manifested by spontaneous renal rupture: a case report].

We report a case of renal cell carcinoma in acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) presenting with a spontaneous renal rupture. A 41-year-old man on chronic hemodialysis for 16 years was referred to our hospital with sudden left back pain. On arrival, the patient was in a state of hemorrhagic shock but his general condition improved by conservative therapy. Computed tomography demonstrated a left renal rupture as well as bilateral ACDK. Although there was no definite evidence of a renal tumor, a left radical nephrectomy was performed one week later. The resected kidney contained a yellowish-brown tumor of 5.5 x 5.0 x 4.5 cm in size. Pathological examination revealed renal cell carcinoma, cystic type, clear cell subtype, pT2pN0M0. He has been free of recurrence for 3 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A small engineered protein lacks structural uniqueness by increasing the side-chain conformational entropy.

A small globular protein, the third repeat of the c-Myb DNA-binding domain, which is composed of 54 amino acid residues, was engineered so as to understand the structural uniqueness of native proteins. This small protein has three alpha-helices that form a helix-turn-helix structure, which is maintained by the hydrophobic core with three Ile residues. One of the mutant proteins, with two of the buried Ile (Ile-155 and Ile-181) substituted with Leu residues, showed multiple conformations, as monitored by heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for 13C- and 15N-labeled proteins. The increase in the side-chain conformational entropy, caused by changing the Ile to a Leu residue on an alpha-helix, could engender the lack of structural uniqueness. In native proteins, the conformations of not only the beta-branched side chains, but also those of the neighboring bulky side chains, can be greatly restricted, depending upon the local backbone structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Cortical ballooned neurons in progressive supranuclear palsy.

We report the presence of ballooned neurons (BNs) in the cerebral cortex of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) using immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated neurofilament in addition to standard histologic staining methods. In six of the nine patients studied. BNs were seen in the cerebral cortex. In two of these six patients. BNs were abundant and cortical degeneration was present in the precentral cortex. On immunohistochemistry. BNs were positive for phosphorylated neurofilament and alpha B crystallin, and some BNs were positive for ubiquitin and tau protein. The immunohistochemical staining pattern was similar to that of the BNs seen in other diseases, such as corticobasal degeneration. The presence of cortical BNs does not differentiate PSP from corticobasal degeneration although BNs are fewer in the patients with PSP when cortical degeneration is not present.

Cerebral Cortex↗