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Biomedical subjects

M Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Noguchi.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Adenolipoma of the thyroid gland.

A rare case of adenolipoma (thyrolipoma) of the thyroid gland is reported. Previously reported cases are reviewed and the pathogenesis of this unusual thyroid lesion is discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

Poorly differentiated ('insular') carcinoma of the thyroid.

Three cases of unusual poorly differentiated ('insular') carcinoma of the thyroid gland are presented. These three thyroid carcinomas were large; the tumors from patients 1 and 3 were encapsulated, and that from patient 2 showed invasive growth. Microscopically the tumors were characterized by well-defined solid nests (insulae), which were composed of rather small and uniform tumor cells with round to oval nuclei. Formation of small and colloid-containing follicles was associated with these nests to varying degrees. The tumors of patients 1 and 3 were composed entirely of insular components, but that of patient 2 was associated with small areas of well-differentiated follicular carcinoma. The metastatic tumors of patients 1 and 2 were essentially similar to the primary with small foci of follicular carcinoma. Patient 1 is alive with local and mediastinal node recurrences, but patient 2 died of the disease with local recurrences and metastases to lungs, bones and skin. Patient 3 had no recurrences and died of unrelated disease 5 years after surgery. The present study indicates that insular carcinomas have characteristic histologic features and a less favorable prognosis, confirming the findings of previous studies.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1995

Two cases of tongue cancer treated with intra- and peri-tumoral injection of recombinant interleukin-2 alone: immunohistochemistochemical considerations to clinical tumor response.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two cases with stage II tongue cancer who exhibited different responses to intra- and peri-tumoral administration of rIL-2 alone are presented. Special consideration is given to the relationship between tumor responses to rIL-2 and clinicopathological and immunohistopathological findings. RESULTS: The patient who responded completely to treatment showed an exophytic tumor growth pattern, low-grade cancer invasion, and predominant infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes over CD4+ lymphocytes in cancer cell nests. The non-responder showed endophytic tumor growth, high-grade cancer invasion, and uniform distribution of both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in cancer cell nests. CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of adequate amounts of T lymphocytes subsets may be necessary in order for good tumor response to biotherapy with rIL-2; other clinical and histopathological variables predicting the effect for cancer chemotherapy remain to be identified.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Histological features of the thyroid gland in a patient with lithium induced thyrotoxicosis.

A 26 year old woman with lithium induced thyrotoxicosis is reported. The thyrotoxicosis was associated with a non-tender diffuse goitre and a low radioiodine uptake by the gland. The thyrotoxicosis was reversible and remitted on withdrawal of the drug. The histopathological alterations of the thyroid glad were characterised by extensive follicular cell disruption with no lymphocytic infiltration. It is postulated that lithium might directly damage thyroid follicular cells and that subsequent release of thyroglobulin into the circulation might be a cause of transient thyrotoxicosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Missense mutation in exon 7 of the common gamma chain gene causes a moderate form of X-linked combined immunodeficiency.

Clinical and immunologic features of a recently recognized X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease (XCID) suggested that XCID and X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) might arise from different genetic defects. The recent discovery of mutations in the common gamma chain (gamma c) gene, a constituent of several cytokine receptors, in XSCID provided an opportunity to test directly whether a previously unrecognized mutation in this same gene was responsible for XCID. The status of X chromosome inactivation in blood leukocytes from obligate carriers of XCID was determined from the polymorphic, short tandem repeats (CAG), in the androgen receptor gene, which also contains a methylation-sensitive HpaII site. As in XSCID, X-chromosome inactivation in obligate carriers of XCID was nonrandom in T and B lymphocytes. In addition, X chromosome inactivation in PMNs was variable. Findings from this analysis prompted sequencing of the gamma c gene in this pedigree. A missense mutation in the region coding for the cytoplasmic portion of the gamma c gene was found in three affected males but not in a normal brother. Therefore, this point mutation in the gamma c gene leads to a less severe degree of deficiency in cellular and humoral immunity than that seen in XSCID.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Increased peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of many biologically active neuronal and endocrine peptides that possess alpha-amide function at their C-terminus. Using D-Tyr-Val-Gly as the substrate, we measured PAM activity levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with a variety of neurological diseases. PAM activity in the CSF was significantly increased in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), especially during the active stage, compared with that in patients with other neurological diseases (p < 0.05). Levels of CSF PAM activity were not correlated with protein levels in CSF or with level of serum PAM activity. Since PAM is present not only in neurons but also in oligodendroglia, it is possible that the increase in CSF PAM activity in patients with MS may stem from massive demyelination and oligodendroglial destruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Nursing in Japan: caregivers of elderly family members with dementia.

1. The difficulties that caregivers of elderly family members suffering from dementia confronted are divided into five categories: incomprehensible situations, strange behavior, deterioration of dementia, trouble or inconvenience caused by demented behavior, and remarks vis-a-vis support network. 2. The considerable differences among caregivers of elderly persons suffering from dementia, in terms of problems faced and methods of coping, existed in beginning and awakening stages. 3. Nurses must assess which stages of the developmental process families are going through to implement effective nursing interventions that vary between the two stages.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of low-dose cytosine arabinoside and aclarubicin in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to intermediate-dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone with or without etoposide in the treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia].

We used a new chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of 18 consecutive patients with relapsed AML. The regimen consisted of low-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), low-dose aclarubicin and concurrent use of G-CSF (CAG regimen). Fifteen out of 18 patients (83%) achieved complete remission (CR). Median CR duration and median survival were 6 months and 15 months, respectively. These results were similar to those of previously reported salvage therapies for relapsed AML including intensive chemotherapy consisting of intermediate-dose Ara-C and sequential mitoxantrone with or without etoposide (MC/MEC), which we previously adopted. Myelosuppression and non-hematological toxicities were apparently lower and less frequent compared to MC/MEC. The CAG regimen seems promising for the treatment of relapsed AML with its low toxicity contributing to a high quality of life for the patient.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1995

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland with fibromatosis-like stroma: a case report and review of the literature.

A new case of a rare variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland with fibromatosis-like stroma is reported. The patient was a 43-yr-old woman who had a well demarcated tumor that showed an expansive growth from the left thyroid lobe into perithyroidal soft tissues. Histologically, the tumor was composed predominantly of a fibromatosis-like stroma in which were diffusely dispersed small follicles of papillary carcinoma. At the advancing front of extrathyroidal extension of the tumor, fibromyxomatous changes of soft tissues were preceded by infiltration of the papillary carcinoma component. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy showed that the stromal cells had a myofibroblastic nature. One metastatically involved lymph node did not show fibromatosis-like stroma. The patient has remained well with no evidence of recurrence for 1 yr.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A prospective randomized clinical trial comparing intra-arterial chemotherapy alone and when combined with hyperthermia for metastatic liver cancer].

To evaluate the efficacy of intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia for metastatic liver cancer, our cooperative study group carried out a randomized clinical trial comparing intra-arterial chemotherapy alone and intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia. Patients were treated with combined chemotherapy of epirubicin (EPIR), mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), by hepatic infusion using a subcutaneously implanted reservoir. Hyperthermia (8MHz radiofrequency) was usually performed for 40-60 min every week, and intra-arterial chemotherapy was performed immediately before hyperthermia. Twenty-six patients were registered by telephone contact and allocated at random to groups treated with either intra-arterial chemotherapy alone (14 patients) or combination therapy (12 patients). The response rate was 7% in the chemotherapy alone group (1 PR among 14 evaluable patients), and 40% in the combination therapy group (4 PR among 10 evaluable patients). Our results suggest that intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia is a useful modality for the treatment of metastatic liver cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Apoptosis and cell growth fraction in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic squamous epithelium of uterine cervix].

To assess the transformation of cellular characteristics during a neoplastic change in uterine cervical epithelium, the populations of cells in apoptosis as well as proliferating cycle were examined in normal cervical epithelium, dysplastic change, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. The percentage of apoptotic cells (%DNA Fr.) decreased with the neoplastic change and was significantly lower in the carcinoma in situ group than in the dysplasia group. Conversely, the percentage of cells in the proliferating cycle (%GF) increased with the neoplastic change and was significantly higher in the dysplasia group than in the normal group. The ratio of %DNA Fr. to % GF was more than 1.0 in the normal group and dysplasia group, but it was less than 1.0 in the carcinoma in situ group and invasive carcinoma group. No significant correlation between %DNA Fr. and %GF was found. These results suggested to us that the decrease in apoptosis may reflect the atypical change in cervical epithelial cells during their neoplastic change, and the proliferative activity in neoplastic lesion was found when the cervical epithelium with dysplastic change was transformed to the carcinoma in situ.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1995

Heterogeneous hepatocellular expression of glutamine synthetase in developing mouse liver and in testicular transplants of fetal liver.

BACKGROUND: Glutamine synthetase is exclusively expressed in pericentral hepatocytes in mammalian liver, but its regulation mechanism is still largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Heterogeneous expression of glutamine synthetase was examined in detail during mouse liver development by immunohistochemistry and by in situ hybridization. Heterogeneous expression of this enzyme was also analyzed in immature liver fragments transplanted to an ectopic site where no portal blood flow exists. RESULTS: At 18.5 days of gestation, a random, spotty distribution of low levels of glutamine synthetase mRNA was observed all over the liver parenchyma, but the enzyme protein was not detectable immunohistochemically in the liver at any fetal stage. Glutamine synthetase and its mRNA began to be heterogeneously expressed in pericentral hepatocytes 2 to 3 days after birth, when glycogen accumulation in the liver parenchyma was rather homogeneous. In the early postnatal development, a mosaic distribution of positive and negative hepatocytes with respect to glutamine synthetase protein and mRNA was noted around the central veins. Subsequently, mRNA distribution gradually became continuous, although some hepatocytes still lacked protein, indicating partial regulation at the translational level. When fetal liver fragments that had not yet heterogeneously expressed glutamine synthetase were cultured under the testis capsule of male mice, only pericentral hepatocytes expressed this enzyme after 2 months. However, the distribution of glutamine synthetase protein- and mRNA-positive hepatocytes around the central veins was patchy rather than continuous, as in perinatal livers. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the importance of local interactions of hepatocytes with intrahepatic cell populations and/or structural elements. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the capacity for the positional expression of glutamine synthetase is already established at a fetal age before expression of glutamine synthetase can be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Peritoneal carcinomatosis.

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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗