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Biomedical subjects

M Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Noguchi.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Intraoperative histologic assessment of surgical margins and lymph node metastasis in breast-conserving surgery.

The diagnostic value of intraoperative histologic examination of frozen sections of surgical margins and axillary lymph nodes (AX) was investigated in 95 patients with breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery. The periphery of the excised breast tissue was peeled like an orange and examined histologically by frozen section. The results were compared with examination by permanent section. Evaluation of surgical margins by frozen section resulted in a diagnostic accuracy of 87%, a sensitivity of 96%, and a specificity of 84%. Enlarged or hardened AXs were sampled from the axillary pad which was derived from a complete AX dissection. Histologic examination using frozen section was performed during surgery. After the operation, the remaining AXs were removed from the axillary pad by hand dissection and histologically examined on permanent section. A diagnostic accuracy of 97%, a sensitivity of 77%, and a specificity of 100% were achieved in the diagnosis of AX involvement on frozen section. It was therefore concluded that intraoperative histologic examination of frozen sections may be useful in the determination of involvement of the surgical margins and the AXs in patients with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The development and progression of adenocarcinoma of the lung.

This chapter has briefly reviewed the development and progression of peripheral-type adenocarcinoma of the lung, focusing particularly on bronchioloalveolar carcinoma consisting of the nonmucus-producing cell type with or without sclerosis. Histoloical examination reveals that scar cancers are rare except in cases of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and that many nonmucus-producing bronchioloalveolar carcinomas appear to develop from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, which can be called adenoma or very well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and to progress stepwise. Stepwise progression in malignancy can be disclosed not only by cytological and histological examination but also by proliferative activity of the tumor, such as mitotic activity, the percentage of DNA-synthesizing cells and the frequency of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, the mean nuclear DNA content of tumor cells and occurrence of aneuploid cell lines, and abnormalities of oncogenes (c-Ki-ras, myc family, and c-erbB2), such as point mutation, rearrangement, amplification, and tumor suppressor genes (point mutation and deletion) such as p53.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma producing the granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): report of a case.

We report herein the unusual case of a 60-year-old woman with an anaplastic thyroid carcinoma which produced granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). She presented with large neck masses, respiratory difficulty, and a high fever. Laboratory examinations revealed marked leukocytosis of 43,200/mm3 with 85% granulocytes and an elevated G-CSF level of 67 pg/dl. Total thyroidectomy with bilateral node dissection and tracheostomy was performed, and a histological diagnosis of large-cell anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was confirmed. Immunohistochemical examination with a polyclonal antibody against G-CSF stained the tumor cells. Although the respiratory difficulty, fever, and marked granulocytosis subsequently improved, she died 1 month after undergoing surgery due to metastatic mediastinal disease.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Oncologic and cosmetic outcome in patients with breast cancer treated with wide excision, transposition of adipose tissue with latissimus dorsi muscle, and axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy.

We evaluated the oncologic and cosmetic outcome in patients with breast cancer treated with wide excision, transposition of adipose tissue with latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM), and axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy. In this study, a wide excision of breast tissue was performed to obtain tumor-free margins. The subsequent breast deformity was not corrected in six patients in the early phase of the study (Group 1), and in 16 patients in the late phase (Group 2) in which the breast deformity was not remarkable at the time of operation. Breast deformity was corrected by transposing adipose tissue with LDM on a vascular pedicle in the remaining 51 patients (Group 3). Five year survival was 100%. Two patients developed distant metastases. None were found to have local recurrence. Fifty percent of the Group 1 patients, 69% of the Group 2 patients, and 67% of the Group 3 patients had an excellent or good cosmetic result. However, when the cosmetic results were evaluated in patients who underwent transposition and had small breasts, the results were excellent or good in 76%, compared to 38% in the patients who had reconstructions who had large breasts. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0309). Therefore, it was confirmed that wide excision and axillary dissection followed by breast radiation could provide adequate local control, but frequently resulted in breast deformity. However, transposition of adipose tissue may be useful to correct the breast deformity, especially in women with small breasts.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

A case of an intra-atrial tumor thrombus from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), first indicated by 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy.

We encountered a very rare case of an intra-atrial tumor thrombus from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional XCT and US gave evidence of HCC. In nuclear medicine studies performed incidentally, the first study with 99mTc-phytate liver scintigraphy showed 2 SOLs and evidence of chronic liver disease, and the second study with 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy demonstrated 2 hot lesions within the liver parenchyma, and also another unexpected hot area just above the left lobe of the liver, seemingly beyond the diaphragm. When echocardiography was performed, in addition to ECG, because the patient began to complain of dyspnea, an oblong mass lesion was detected within the right atrium. Reexamination with XCT and angiography clearly proved the existence of an intraatrial tumor thrombus. These results indicate the need for routine examination by echocardiography for HCC patients complaining of dyspnea.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1995

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in Japanese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

To examine the contribution of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we determined the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in 80 patients with HCM and 88 of their unaffected siblings and children. Patients were divided into familial or solitary HCM (FHCM or SHCM) groups with or without affected family members. Genotypes were identified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with oligonucleotide primers flanking the polymorphic region in intron 16 of the ACE gene to amplify template DNA prepared from peripheral leukocytes. D-allele frequencies were 0.38 in all subjects, 0.42 in patients with HCM, and 0.35 in relatives (p < 0.05). The probability ratios were 1.98, 1.46, and 2.97 in patients with HCM, FHCM, and SHCM, respectively. The D allele frequency was higher in SHCM than in FHCM (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that HCM, especially in solitary cases, is partially determined by genetic disposition. Findings imply that the ACE D allele is one of the genetic contributing factors associated with cardiac hypertrophy in HCM.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Thymic carcinoma involving the thyroid gland: report of two cases.

Two new cases of thymic carcinoma involving the thyroid gland and manifesting as thyroid tumors are presented. One tumor occurred within the thyroid gland and the other totally involved the thyroid gland. Microscopically they showed lobular architecture separated by fibrous bands and consisted of solid islands of squamoid to spindled epithelial cells with whorl formation resembling Hassall's corpuscle and variable amounts of lymphocytes. The squamoid to spindled epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin but negative for thyroglobulin and calcitonin and the majority of lymphocytes showed a T-cell phenotype. One of the two cases had been diagnosed initially as squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid. This type of thyroid carcinoma is relatively rare, but it should be differentiated from other types of thyroid carcinomas, especially squamous cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, or anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Encircling method of trigeminal nerve decompression for neuralgia caused by tortuous vertebrobasilar artery: technical note.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery presents a difficult problem because of the immobility and the stiffness of the atherosclerotic vessel walls. METHODS AND RESULTS: A patient with trigeminal neuralgia was treated by a new method of vascular decompression. Preoperative studies demonstrated a dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery, and compression of the trigeminal nerve by the artery was confirmed during surgery. The fifth nerve was mobilized away from the artery using a ring-shaped piece of silicone rubber. Postoperatively, the facial pain completely resolved without complication. CONCLUSIONS: Trigeminal neuralgia due to nerve compression by tortuous vertebrobasilar artery was successfully treated by an encircling method of vascular decompression.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Effects of piroxicam and esculetin on the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line.

We investigated the effects of piroxicam, esculetin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) on a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Both piroxicam and esculetin suppressed cell growth and thymidine incorporation, though esculetin was more active in inhibiting cell growth in the presence of linoleic acid (LA). Esculetin reduced the secretion of LTB independent of LA. Piroxicam reduced the secretion of PGE in the absence of LA but only at higher concentrations in the presence of LA. When the relationship between cell growth and PGE and LTB concentration was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis, cell growth was associated with the PGE and LTB concentration when the cells were treated with esculetin alone or with esculetin and LA. Cell growth was associated only with the PGE concentration when they were treated with piroxicam alone or with piroxicam and LA. Therefore, it appears that the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro is affected by both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products, though lipoxygenase inhibition is more active than cyclooxygenase inhibition on suppression of cell growth in the presence of LA.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Effects of indomethacin with or without linoleic acid on human breast cancer cells in vitro.

The effect of indomethacin (INDO) with or without the addition of linoleic acid (LA) was investigated in a cultured MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. It was found that INDO without LA suppressed cell growth and thymidine incorporation; however, with the addition of LA, INDO at low concentration promoted these factors, whereas INDO at higher concentrations suppressed them. On the other hand, INDO with or without the addition of LA reduced the secretion of prostaglandin E (PGE). However, INDO at a low concentration (1 microgram/ml) with the addition of LA increased the secretion of leukotriene B (LTB), while INDO without LA had no effect on the secretion of LTB. When the relationship between cell growth and PGE or LTB concentration was investigated, cell growth was associated with the PGE and LTB concentrations when the cells were treated with INDO and LA, whereas it was associated only with the PGE and LTB concentrations when the cells were treated with INDO and LA, whereas it was associated with the PGE concentration when they were treated with INDO alone.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain.

The common gamma chain (gamma c) of the IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 receptors is defective in humans with XSCID. Mice lacking gamma c expression had hypoplastic thymuses; the thymocytes responded to gamma c-independent mitogens, but not gamma c-dependent stimuli. Splenic T cells were diminished at 3 weeks of age, but CD4+ T cells markedly increased by 4 weeks. B cells were greatly diminished in contrast with the situation in XSCID. NK cells, gamma delta intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, dendritic epidermal T cells, peripheral lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue were absent. These findings underscore the importance of gamma c in lymphoid development. Moreover, differences in humans and mice lacking gamma c expression indicate species-specific differences in the roles of gamma c-dependent cytokines or in the existence of redundant pathways. These mice provide an important model for studying the pathophysiology provide an important model for studying the pathophysiology of and gene therapy for human XSCID.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Rationale for extensive lymphadenectomy in early gastric carcinoma.

The incidence of nodal metastasis in early gastric carcinoma (EGC) is 10-20%. However, the optimal nodal dissection for early gastric carcinoma has not been established. A retrospective study was conducted in 392 consecutive patients who underwent potentially curative distal gastrectomy for EGC between 1962 and 1990. Of these 295 patients treated after September 1972 were prospectively entered into an extensive lymphadenectomy protocol. These patients were compared with 97 patients with simple gastrectomy in respect of the causes of death after surgery and the 10 year disease-specific survival rate. The incidence of nodal metastasis in early gastric carcinoma patients was 13.0%. Operative mortality from extensive lymphadenectomy was almost the same as from simple gastrectomy (2.0% and 2.1% respectively). Extensive lymphadenectomy provided a significantly higher 10 year survival rate than limited lymph node dissection (97.9% vs 88.1% respectively; P < 0.005). Among patients with nodal metastasis, the survival rate following extensive lymphadenectomy was significantly higher than that after simple gastrectomy (87.5% vs 55.6%; P = 0.018). Among patients without nodal metastasis, there was no difference between the two groups in the survival rate (99.4% and 96.7% respectively; P = 0.12). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model disclosed two significant independent prognostic factors on disease-specific survival, the nodal involvement (risk ratio: 8.4; P < 0.0001) and the extent of lymph node dissection (risk ratio: 5.8; P < 0.005). Extensive nodel dissection appears to prevent recurrence and to improve the cancer-specific survival in EGC patients with nodal metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Retroviral vector for gene therapy of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome.

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (X-SCID) is a genetic disorder characterized by profound impairment of cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Affected children die of recurrent infections within 2 years of birth unless rescued by allogeneic transplantation from a suitable donor. Recently, the genetic defect responsible for X-linked SCID has been identified as a mutation in the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor, a protein also shared by the IL-4 and IL-7 receptors and therefore now denoted the common gamma chain (gamma c). We report here the development of a high-titer amphotropic retroviral vector for transfer of gamma c. This vector was used to transfer a copy of the gamma c cDNA to murine 3T3 fibroblasts, CD34-enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from bone marrow and umbilical cord blood of normal donors, and to transplanted murine bone marrow progenitors. Murine 3T3 cells transduced by the retroviral vector were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization and Western transfer. Southern analysis confirmed the integration of unrearranged proviral DNA, and Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of gamma c protein. CD34-enriched cells were infected with viral vectors bearing gamma c and grown in methylcellulose media. Individual colonies and pools of cells were analyzed 2 weeks later by polymerase chain reaction assay, which confirmed the proviral marking. The vector was also used to transfer a copy of the gamma c cDNA to murine bone marrow cells in a transplantation model. Infected marrow was transplanted into syngeneic Balb/c mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1995

Triangular flap repair of the congenital earlobe cleft.

Repair of a congenital earlobe cleft was performed on 16 patients using a new surgical technique derived from the Tennison-Randall triangular flap operation for cheiloplasty. There were no complications. This method was applied because the deformities and desired outcomes in the congenital earlobe cleft are similar to those of the cleft lip. Many papers have described surgery for congenital and acquired clefts; the former differs from the latter in some respects. The techniques described for the repair of acquired clefts are not always appropriate for congenital clefts. In addition, some operations specifically designed for congenital clefts require more complicated techniques. Using our technique to correct lobule deformities with a triangular flap in proportion to the angle and extent of the cleft, a superior cosmetic result was obtained in the repair of longitudinal earlobe clefts.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1995

Gastric ulcer healing and basic fibroblast growth factor: effects of lansoprazole and famotidine.

We examined the effects of lansoprazole and famotidine on gastric basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels and ulcer healing in patients with gastric ulcer. Sixteen patients with active gastric ulcer were divided into two groups and received treatment with lansoprazole 30 mg/day or famotidine 40 mg/day. They were examined endoscopically at 2, 4, and 8 weeks to measure gastric bFGF levels at the ulcer margin and to assess ulcer healing. Helicobacter pylori infection was determined by a rapid urease test. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, male:female ratio, H. pylori infection rates, and bFGF levels. During treatment, bFGF levels did not change significantly in the famotidine group, whereas they increased by a factor of 2.2 to 2.6 in the lansoprazole group. Cumulative healing rates were also significantly lower in the famotidine group than in the lansoprazole group. These results indicate that lansoprazole increases tissue bFGF levels and promotes gastric ulcer healing in humans.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1995

A novel somatic point mutation of the RET Proto-oncogene in tumor tissues of small cell lung cancer patients.

We examined whether the novel point mutation from GCC (Ala) to GAC (Asp) at codon 664 in exon 11 of RET proto-oncogene, which we had found in two small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines, existed in genomic DNA of tumor tissues of the two SCLC patients from whom these SCLC cell lines were derived. Sequence analysis revealed that point mutation identical to that of the SCLC cell lines was present in amplified alleles of single-strand conformational variants in genomic DNA of the tumor tissues, whereas it was not detected in genomic DNA of non-tumor tissues of the patients. These results indicate that this mutation had initially occurred in the SCLC patients and was of somatic origin.

ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic↗