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Biomedical subjects

M Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishio.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A novel method to predict the elimination half-lives and the renal excretion mechanisms of cephalosporins.

A novel method was proposed to predict the elimination half-lives of cephalosporins from plasma protein binding (unbound fraction, f) and fraction of the dose excreted into urine (f*) on the basis of the following four assumptions. 1) The drug is only distributed to the extracellular fluid, 2) the bound fraction of the drug in plasma is independent of the plasma drug concentration, 3) the binding protein of the drug is albumin, 4) the unbound drug in plasma is excreted by the glomerular filtration and the contribution of active secretion and reabsorption is negligible. The VSS's and t1/2 beta's of MT-141, one of cephalosporins, in rabbits, dogs and healthy human subjects were well predicted, whereas in rats, the prediction of the both values was failed. The t1/2 beta's of various cephalosporins in healthy subjects were calculated from f and f*, in reasonably good agreement with the observed ones, except for some cephalosporins which have been reported to be secreted actively in the renal tubules. Thus, the comparison of the calculated t1/2 beta's with the observed ones makes it possible to presume the renal excretion mechanism. Moreover, this method will be applicable to other drugs which satisfy the above four assumptions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Afterloading interstitial brachytherapy by Ir-192 seed assembly for malignant brain tumor].

We developed and applied interstitial after-loading endocrine therapy as a cancer treatment modality. Between Sept. 1982 and May 1983, 5 patients with malignant brain tumors were treated using the removable after-loading Iridium-192 seed assembly implant technique. 4 of the 5 patients experienced recurrent gliomas after the operation alone or in combination with external post-operative radiotherapy. In 3 patients, local control was achieved and has been maintained for more than 11 months. Our preliminary brachytherapy procedures for the treatment of malignant brain tumors are described.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Result of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer--radical radiotherapy combined with intracavitary radium irradiation].

Between 1974 and 1980, 61 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated by external irradiation combined with additional intracavitary radium therapy. The esophageal primary control rate was 36% (22/61) and the 5-year survival rate was 24.7%. We believe that external radiation therapy followed by additional intracavitary radium irradiation produces good results.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-MT-141 in rats. I. Distribution, metabolism and excretion after single intravenous administration in male rats].

The distribution, metabolism and excretion of the radioactivity were studied in male rats after the bolus intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The biological half-lives obtained from the blood concentration-time curve were 0.43 hour for the data in the first 4 hours and 16.5 hours for the data from 6 hours to 24 hours after the intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The radioactivity was excreted mainly into urine, and the cumulative urinary and fecal excretion of the radioactivity were 75.2% and 24.1% of the dose, respectively, within 120 hours after the intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The cumulative biliary excretion of the radioactivity was 18% of the dose within 48 hours after the intravenous administration, and 35% of the radioactivity excreted into bile (about 6% of the dose) was reabsorbed from the intestine. The highest concentration of the radioactivity was observed in the kidneys, and also the relatively high concentrations were observed in the liver, plasma and intestine, while the concentrations in the brain, fat and muscle were low. Within 24 hours after the intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141, the radioactivity in the highly distributed organs or tissues was decreased to less than 3% of the values at 5 minutes after the intravenous administration. A small amount of N-acetyl-MT-141 was found in urine and feces as a metabolite.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-MT-141 in rats. II. Distribution and excretion after multiple intravenous administration in male rats and after single intravenous administration in female rats].

The distribution and tissue accumulation of the radioactivity were studied in male rats after the multiple intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The distribution and the placental transfer were also studied using pregnant rats or lactating rats after the single intravenous administration of 14C-MT-141. The radioactive concentration in the fetus was low and the radioactivity was distributed almost uniformly through the fetus body. The peak time of the milk level was 2 hours after the administration and the radioactivity in milk decreased gradually thereafter. The milk levels decreased more slowly than the blood levels did. The blood level after the last dose administered daily for 7 days tended to decrease more slowly, when compared with the single administration. However the blood concentration at 48 hours after the last administration was less than 3 times as high as that after the single administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Radiotherapy treatment of esophageal carcinoma--analysis of 5-year survival].

Between 1966-1977, 250 patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated by radiotherapy alone. The 5-year survival rate was 10.4% (12 of 115) in the curative cases. 52 of 5-year survivors, including 40 cases from the literature, were analyzed according to age, sex and the extent, location and type of tumor. 37 patients (71.1%) were between 50 and 69 years of age. There were more female than male survivors. Patients whose esophagograms showed spiral-type tumor had a worse prognosis than other tumor types. 16 of the 52 (30.8%) patients had received intracavitary treatment. We posit that an additional boost dose by intracavitary techniques improves the local control of the primary lesion. Radiation-induced myelitis and carditis were noted in some patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Multiple primary cancer and radiation-induced cancer of the uterine].

This report is concerned with multiple primary cancers developing in invasive uterine cancer. Second primary tumors were recorded 27 women with a total of 30 non-uterine cancer (exception of radiation-induced cancer). 17 patients of radiation-induced neoplasm were observed (Rectal cancer 4, soft part sarcoma 4, cancer of urinary bladder 3, bone tumor 3, uterine cancer 2 and cancer of Vulva 1). One case is 4 lesions (corpus, sigma, thymoma and stomach), 2 cases are 3 lesions (uterine cervix, stomach and maxillary sinus: uterine cervix, thyroidal gland and radiation-induced soft part sarcoma). Only 5 of these 17 patients were known irradiated dose (50 Gy approximately 55 Gy), however others unknown. The mean latent periods of 17 cases of radiation induced neoplasms are 19.4 years. 16 patients of late second cancers of the cervix appearing from 11 to 36 years (average 19.5 years) after initial radiotherapy were recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The clinical significance of an oscillating flap in the acute stage of dissecting aneurysm: report of three cases].

The important two-dimensional echocardiographic finding of dissecting aneurysm in the acute stage is characterized by the presence of an oscillating intimal flap which is thought to be of highly diagnostic value. This report describes about three cases with dissecting aneurysm in which an oscillating flap was transiently observed. In Case 1 (62-year-old female), an oscillating flap observed in the aortic arch seven hours after the onset was not detected three days later. A flap in Case 2 (65-year-old male) which had been present in the descending aorta three hours after the onset of illness disappeared two days later. In Case 3 (55-year-old male), only an intimal flap without fine oscillation was demonstrated in the abdominal aorta by echocardiography performed three days after the onset of illness. In the acute phase of dissection, the echocardiographic detection of an oscillating flap seems to depend on the time of the study after the attack.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Study on radiation-induced malignant neoplasms].

Nineteen patients with newly developed malignant neoplasms following radiotherapy are presented. The primary lesions of 6 patients were tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, the primary lesions of the other 13 patients were malignant neoplasms. The radiation-induced malignant neoplasms of 15 patients were epithelial, only 4 patients were non-epithelial. The prognosis was not good. However, we think that radiation-induced malignant neoplasms are not highly radioresistant and that the benefits of radiotherapy for malignant neoplasms outweigh the risk of radiation-induced malignant neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

A quantitative analysis of cell surface glycosphingolipid with a fluorescence activated cell sorter.

The fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) was used with an indirect membrane immunofluorescence technique to detect antibody against the Forssman antigen, a glycosphingolipid. Sheep erythrocytes, which contain Forssman antigen as a major membrane glycosphingolipid, were used as the target antigen. Detection of the anti-Forssman antibody on the sheep erythrocytes was done with specific fluorescein-conjugated second antibody and analyzed on a FACS. Compared to other available methods, analysis with the FACS was simple, sensitive, reproducible and quantitative. More than 250 pg of antibody could be detected. In addition, as little as 1 ng of Forssman antigen could be estimated by a binding inhibition experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of the centrally acting antitussives on ascites tumor cells.

Dextromethorphan, dimemorfan, dihydrocodeine and oxymethebanol, centrally acting antitussives, were examined for their effect on Ehrlich carcinoma cells and sarcoma-180 cells in vitro or in vivo. The tumor cells were suspended in Hanks balanced salt solution (pH 7.4) supplemented with 2% bovine albumin, and they were incubated with and without 1 mM drugs at 37 degrees C for 120 min. The incubation of the tumor cells with dextromethorphan or dimemorfan resulted in a decrease in the proportion of the viable cells (less than 25% after 120 min). However, no significant change was observed in the proportion of the viable tumor cells during the incubation with and without the other drugs (80-83% after 120 min). In addition, mice given the tumor cells i.p. were injected intraperitoneally with drugs (20-80 mg/kg/day) once daily for 5 successive days, and their survival time was observed. There was a slight difference in the survival time between mice treated with and without dextromethorphan or dimemorfan. However, a significant difference was found in the survival time between mice treated with and without dextromethorphan when mice given Ehrlich carcinoma cells were injected with the drug (40 mg/kg/time) twice a day for 5 days (about 18 days and 29 days). These results indicate that dextromethorphan and dimemorfan are cytotoxic to the tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Retrostatin, a new specific enzyme inhibitor against avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase.

A novel enzyme inhibitor against RNA-directed DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus was produced by an isolate of a new streptomycete for which the name Streptomyces retrostaticus is proposed. This enzyme inhibitor, which was named retrostatin, did not inhibit DNA-directed DNA polymerase of Escherichia coli and DNA-directed RNA polymerase of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Retrostatin was produced by the microorganism together with streptonigrin. These two substances were extracted from the culture broth with ethyl acetate at acidic pH. Retrostatin is an acidic pH indicator and the free acid was recovered as a red powder. Retrostatin had weak antibiotic activities against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts.

Animals↗