Biomedical subjects

M Nishina

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishina.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

[Effectiveness of LH-RH agonist for bone metastases of breast cancer--report of a case].

A 44-year-old premenopausal woman with bone metastases of breast cancer was initially treated with systemic chemotherapy (CEF) and radiation therapy after standard mastectomy. However, progressive change of bone metastases with elevation of tumor markers (CEA, NCC-ST 439) was detected, so continuous administration of LH-RH agonist and combination chemotherapy (CEF) were conducted. Subsequently, complete objective regression was attained after 40 weeks.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

The effect of mefloquine and quinine on the relaxation times of water protons in human erythrocytes, as revealed by NMR.

Effects of mefloquine and quinine on human erythrocyte membranes were investigated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The observed spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of intracellular water protons was found to reflect water permeability of the membrane. The effects of these drug treatments on the erythrocytes were determined by the ratio of the T2 of control and experimental samples. Comparing the results of quinine and mefloquine treatments, quinine decreased the T2 ratio to 0.79 at 5 mM and mefloquine increased the ratio to 1.14 at 0.5 mM. These results demonstrated that quinine increases water permeability through the membranes whereas mefloquine decreases it.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Cardiac contractile dysfunction in response to surgical stress including trauma, hemorrhage, and infection].

Shock and multiple organ failure are complications of primary conditions such as trauma, hemorrhage and infection. Ample evidence of cardiac contractile dysfunction has been obtained in both septic patients and experimental animal models of endotoxin shock. Recent advance in molecular biology and immunology has improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of septic shock, and thus, it is now believed that the host's inflammatory response to infection contributes to the development of septic shock. In addition, effects of toxic host mediators including cytokines, kinins, eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide, which are produced by activated cells, on cardiovascular system have been examined. The possible involvement of the nitric oxide pathway, not only as a marker for cytokine-induced effects on myocyte gene expression, but also as a mediator for cytokine-induced contractile dysfunction, was explored. According to this hypothesis, trauma and hemorrhage, both of which lead to host's inflammatory response, is also considered to induce contractile dysfunction. In this paper we reviewed the influences of various shock states on cardiac contractility. Hemorrhagic and burn shocks possibly depress cardiac contractility as well as septic and endotoxin shocks. Therefore, it is necessary to improve contractile depression in the diseased states to meet oxygen demand of each patient under monitoring patient's circulatory and metabolic conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[Dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) resolved severe leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus].

A 47 year old woman was presented in June, 1994 with a ten years history of systemic lupus erythematosus. Since six months before first visit to our hospital, she had experienced general malaise, myalgia and persistent low grade fever. Among this period, titers of anti DNA antibody in her blood were gradually increased. She had been treated with the prednisolone which was step-wisely increased up to 15 mg/day, but her symptoms had been worsened. On admission, physical examination showed low grade fever and erythema on her both hands. Investigations showed her white blood cell count 1400/microliter, platelet 90000/microliter, positive test result for ANA, anti DNA antibody and anti Sm antibody, low serum concentrations of complements, and persistent proteinuria. She was treated with 60 mg/day of oral prednisolone. Though her symptoms and immunological abnormalities were gradually improved, her platelet count and white blood cell count were gradually decreased to 50000/microliter and 1400/microliter in August, respectively. Platelet associated IgG was increased (102.9 ng/10(7) cells). In spite of the various trials of treatment, such as plasmapheresis, high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin, and cyclophosphamide, the white blood cell and platelet number could not be raised. Finally, the administration of 75 mg/day of dapsone brought a significant rise in both blood cell counts. Thus being certainly effective against leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, dapsone should be considered an one of the beneficial therapeutic procedures for refractory autoimmune leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in SLE patients.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed1996

[A study on angiotensin-I converting enzyme polymorphism in CAPD patients].

To clarify the role of genes related to angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), the author investigated polymorphism of the ACE gene in 60 patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 50 patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). One hundred healthy subjects were used as controls. The polymorphism was classified into three genotypes, II, ID and DD, according to insertion (I) and deletion (D) using the polymerase chain reaction method. In dialysis patients (CAPD or HD, n = 110), 21.8% had the II genotype, 48.2% the ID genotype, and 30.0% the DD genotype. There was a significant difference in allele frequency between normal subjects (n = 100) (J = 0.63, D = 0.37) and dialysis patients (I = 0.46, D = 0.54) (chi 2 = 12.321, p < 0.001). The mean plasma ACE activity was 9.9 +/- 1.6 IU/l in CAPD patients with the II genotype, 11.6 +/- 4.7 IU/l in CAPD patients with the ID genotype, and 14.5 +/- 3.5 IU/l in CAPD patients with the DD genotype. The mean rate of decrease in residual urinary volume was 0.8 +/- 0.7% per month in CAPD patients with the II genotype 1.4 +/- 1.3% per month in CAPD patients with the ID genotype, and 2.5 +/- 2.0% per month in CAPD patients with the DD genotype. These data showed a significant decrease in urinary volume in CAPD patients with the DD genotype (p < 0.05). The mean rate of decrease in residual urinary volume was positively correlated with the plasma ACE activity (r = 0.13389, p < 0.02). In CAPD patients, the mean cardiothoracic ratio was 46.6 +/- 3.5% in cases with the II genotype, 47.6 +/- 5.5% in cases with the ID genotype, and 52.9 +/- 8.4% in cases with the DD genotype. These data indicated significant cardiac enlargement in DD genotype cases. It can be concluded that CAPD patients with the DD genotype lost their residual renal function more rapidly and had a larger heart, than patients with the other genotypes.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Effects of hypertonic saline and dextran 70 on cardiac functions after burns.

The effects of hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) on cardiac contractility and hemodynamics after burns were studied in anesthetized animals with full-thickness 50% total body surface area burns that were resuscitated with HSD or lactated Ringer solution (LR) alone. No significant difference in cardiac contractility during 6 h postburn was observed between the two groups, as assessed by the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and the stroke work-end-diastolic volume relationship. An additional bolus of HSD at 6 h postburn caused no significant changes in the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and stroke work-end-diastolic volume relationship in the burned and sham-burned animals, both of which were resuscitated with HSD. Ten minutes of hemodynamic changes following HSD infusion at 30 min postburn revealed a sudden increase in stroke volume with biphasic responses in left ventricular systolic pressure, which first decreased, then increased, and finally returned to the pre-HSD value. End-diastolic volume was maintained at approximately 110% of the pre-HSD value during this period. We concluded that HSD does not enhance cardiac contractility after severe burns but does produce direct effects on postburn circulation to reduce afterload and augment preload, resulting in a short-lived increase in cardiac output.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis on the serum lipids of rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum: oxidative modifications of diene system in fatty chains.

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the oxidized products in the serum lipoprotein lipids (LPL) of rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum. The loss of bis-allylic and allylic methylenes proton peaks (2.7 and 2.0 p.p.m.) of unsaturated systems of the LPL and the appearance of the signals of the conjugated diene systems of hydroperoxide (5.43-6.45 p.p.m.) and epidioxide (2.45 p.p.m.) of the fatty chains of the serum demonstrated the lipids degradation associated with the Schistosoma infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Tethered cord syndrome accompanied by unilateral muscle atrophy in the calf muscle.

A 40-year-old man developed slowly progressive muscle atrophy in his calf muscle. The patient became aware of asymmetry of his right big toe during in his teens; muscle atrophy was revealed at the age of 25 years. Multi-image examinations revealed "tethered cord syndrome" with spina bifida occulta. Spinal magnetic resonance image revealed a pathogenetic mechanism of asymmetry of muscle atrophy in the calf muscle. This suggested that spinal MRI imaging is one of the most useful diagnostic methods for this disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Relationships between serum vitamin-A and subjective health, blood and urinary biochemical parameters, dietary intake and food preferences in students].

Students, 60 females (mean age of 19 years) and 54 male (mean age of 23.8 years), were studied for relationships between serum vitamin A concentration (V-A level) and subjective health (by CMI method), birth order, blood and urinary parameters, dietary intake and food preferences. V-A level for females was significantly lower than for males. V-A level significantly and positively correlated to the parameters of hepatic enzymes (gamma-GTP, GOT, GPT), lipid (T-chol, TG) and urinary Na/K. The V-A level showed independent significant correlation to gamma-GTP in multiple regression analysis. V-A level of those born second in birth order showed a tendency to be lower than those first and third in birth order. In females, subjects without subjective CMI complaints had higher level of V-A than those with complaints. This tendency was not seen in males except for items related to the respiratory system. V-A level showed an apparent increase corresponding to daily intake of soybean and vegetables in females, and with amounts of drinking or smoking in male. In males, V-A levels showed a significant positive correlation to serum oxygen peroxide measured by malondialdehyde and did not show an anti-peroxidation effect. In addition positive correlation to total cholesterol was observed in males.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Myopathy, cerebellar ataxia and Williams syndrome like features in siblings].

Two female cases, 23- and 21-year-old, of supravalvular aortic stenosis associated with cerebellar hypoplasia, retinitis pigmentosa and myopathy were reported. No family history of mental retardation and cardiovascular anomalies was found. There was no consanguinity between the parents. Pregnancy, labor and delivery were reported to be uncomplicated. When they visited to our hospital at the age of 13 and 11 years, they had short stature, characteristic facial appearance (eg, wide mouth, elongated philtrum, low nasal bridge and broad forehead) and supravalvular aortic stenosis. Neurological examination disclosed mental retardation, retinitis pigmentosa, muscle wasting and contracture of bilateral knee and ankle joints. Gait was unsteady and bradykinetic. Their smooth pursuiting ocular movements were saccadic. No nystagmus was recorded. Mild intention tremor was present. The muscles were slightly hypotonic, but deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive in the lower extremities. The sensory system was normal. Results of chromosome analysis and urine amino acid analysis were normal. The serum creatine kinase was elevated to 1,000-3,000 U. Muscle biopsy revealed nonspecific myopathic changes such as variability of fiber diameter in both fiber types. Neither cell infiltration nor deposits of fat or glycogen was found. Cranial MRIs performed at the age of 22 and 20 years disclosed cerebellar hypoplasia and moderate enlargement of the fourth ventricle. The two cases resembled clinically those of Williams syndrome, but the MRI findings were not consistent with those of the syndrome. The disorder is considered to be either Williams syndrome complicated by some other relatively rare clinical features, or another heredofamilial disease partly resembling Williams syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Myasthenia gravis and invasive thymoma. A 20-year experience.

Over the last 20 years, 15 patients with myasthenia gravis and invasive thymoma have been treated in our department. Eight of these patients underwent either nontotal excision or were not operated on due to massive invasion, while 7 underwent total excision. These 15 cases represent 6.2% of the 242 myasthenic patients treated during this period. Six of the 8 nontotal excision cases died, and 2 of the 7 total excision cases succumbed. The prognosis of total excision cases was better than that of nontotal excision cases. The overall 5-year survival rate was 73%, and the 10-year survival rate 20%. Total excision of the thymoma, if possible, and high doses of corticosteroids and combination chemotherapy for the remaining tumor seem to be the treatments of choice.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Effect of dopamine on cardiac performance in an early postburn period].

To clarify the effects of dopamine on cardiac performance in an early postburn period, left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure--volume relations (ESPVR) and stroke work--end-diastolic volume relations (PRSW) were studied in full thickness and 50% body surface area burns in anesthetized dogs during six hour postburn period. The dogs (16-28 kg) were divided into two groups; a fluid resuscitated groups (n = 7) and a fluid and dopamine resuscitated group (n = 6). The ESPVR and PRSW were derived from pressure--volume loops produced by vena caval occlusion. In the dopamine group, peak systolic pressure rose and cardiac output and contractility tended to increase in comparison with burned group. The ESPVR had also tended to shift right side. We concluded that under sufficient fluid resuscitation low-dose dopamine may be effective to improve the cardiac performance and peripheral circulation in an early postburn period.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Metal concentrations in human lung tissue, with special reference to age, sex, cause of death, emphysema and contamination of lung tissue.

Nine element concentrations in the lung tissues of 2,274 autopsies were determined in Japan by atomic absorption spectrometry. The metals determined were iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, lead, and chromium. The range, mean, standard deviation, mode and median are described for each metal. Moreover, these data were analyzed statistically, based on their sex, age, degree of lung contamination (color and the amount of particle deposition), severity of pulmonary emphysema and cause of death. Iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and cobalt concentrations in the lung tissue seemed to be affected mostly by physiological variation and the levels in the blood. On the other hand, nickel, lead and chromium concentrations might reflect environmental exposure. Chromium concentration especially increased with age and showed a significantly positive correlation with the degree of contamination and severity of emphysema.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

Application of ELISA-ABC method to the identification of minute human bloodstains.

Bloodstained threads (1 cm in length) were tested to identify human origin by a direct ELISA-ABC method using biotinylated antibody against human HbA0. By this method human bloodstains were clearly distinguishable from bloodstains of other species including Japanese monkey. The minimum detection limit of bloodstains prepared from undiluted human whole blood was 1:5, 120 (28 ng Hb) and that of bloodstains from diluted human whole blood was 1:640-1:1, 280. Human Hb was more easily detectable in bloodstains prepared from diluted human blood after extraction with 5% ammonia than after extraction with phosphate-buffered saline.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Left ventricular contractility and diastolic properties in anesthetized dogs after severe burns.

To clarify the mechanisms of a prompt decrease in cardiac output following burns, we studied left ventricular (LV) contractility and distensibility after full-thickness 50% total body surface area burns in anesthetized dogs during a 6-h postburn period. Contractility was assessed from the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) and the stroke work-end-diastolic volume relationship (the preload recruitable stroke work relationship; PRSW). LV chamber distensibility was also assessed from the end-diastolic pressure-volume curve. The PRSW slopes in the burn group showed a significant decrease compared with those in the control group (P less than 0.05), indicating burn-impaired contractility. The ESPVR shifted significantly rightward without changes in its slope after burns (P less than 0.02). This also suggested that contractility was depressed by burns. On the other hand, there was no significant change in the indexes of chamber distensibility between the two groups. We therefore concluded that burns decreased contractility as well as preload but did not change end-diastolic distensibility during this early postburn period.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed1989

A new method for predicting the outcome and survival period in paraquat poisoning.

1. To elucidate the importance of lung damage in the prognosis of paraquat poisoning, the respiratory index (RI: A-aDO2/PO2) was analysed in 51 patients with paraquat poisoning. 2. Progressive deterioration of the RI was observed in 43 non-survivors, but not in 8 survivors. In addition, the RI of non-survivors became greater than 1.5 in the course of their poisoning, while that of the survivors remained less than 1.5. 3. The level of the RI (i.e. whether it became greater than 1.5 or not) was found to be a good indicator for the prognosis for life. 4. The RI-time, defined as the time taken from ingestion for the RI to be greater than 1.5, was found to be a good indicator for predicting the survival period in fatal cases. 5. As a result, we conclude that it is important and useful to examine a series of RI and the RI-time in poisoned patients not only to provide proper respiratory care, but also to predict outcome and survival period.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Pathogenesis of water-immersion stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats with renal failure.

Rats with or without renal failure, produced by uranyl acetate, were subjected to water-immersion stress for 6 h. The severity of stress-induced gastric ulcers in the renal failure group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The intragastric pH did not significantly differ between the two groups. Transmucosal electrical potential difference, gastric mucosal blood flow, and gastric mucosal hexosamine content in the renal failure group were significantly lower than in the control group. These results suggest that decreases in defensive factors, rather than an increase in an aggressive factor, may be more closely involved in the development of acute gastric ulcers in rats with renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1989

13C-NMR spectroscopic studies on the glucose metabolism of Angiostrongylus cantonesis' eggs with special reference to the end-products and metabolic pathway.

13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to identify metabolites excreted by Angiostrongylus cantonensis eggs which had been maintained aerobically in the presence of D-[13C6] glucose. Using 13C-NMR we proved that lactate, acetate and alanine originated from glucose present in the medium via glycolysis. Aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of alanine transferase, inhibited simultaneously alanine production and the ability to take up glutamate, aspartate and valine from the medium. In addition, we demonstrated that these amino acids can serve as amino group donors of the pyruvate to alanine transamination system in the eggs.

Amino Acids↗