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Biomedical subjects

M Nguyen

Publications and source records attributed to M Nguyen.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Coexisting thyroid and parathyroid disease--are they related?

A high prevalence of non-C cell, thyroid gland disease associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) has been reported in 11 uncontrolled studies. Yet experimental evidence linking these thyroid and parathyroid gland lesions is lacking. To test the hypothesis that the coexistence of these lesions is significant, we analyzed 124 consecutive cases of parathyroidectomy (110 women, mean age 53.5 +/- 12.7 years). Patients in the group with HPT who had visible or palpable thyroid disease at the time of operation were age-, sex-, and race-matched with autopsy controls. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of total macroscopic thyroid lesions between the autopsy control group (46.4%) and the group of patients with HPT (54%, P = 0.8). Microscopic lesions in the absence of macroscopic abnormalities were found in an additional 26% of the autopsy control patients. Since in the surgical group, only those with macroscopic abnormalities underwent thyroid biopsy, no accurate calculation can be made of the microscopic lesions in those 55 patients with HPT who did not have macroscopic abnormalities. There was no difference in the prevalence of autoimmune or thyroid nodular disease between the two groups except for the presence of seven macroscopic nonmedullary thyroid carcinomas in the HPT group and none in the autopsy control group (P less than 0.001). One microscopic carcinoma was found in the autopsy group, however. An increased prevalence of parathyroid adenomas in nonmedullary thyroid disease has been suggested by other studies. We were unable to confirm this association. In fact, the incidence of parathyroid adenomas found unsuspectedly in 229 consecutive thyroidectomies was 0.43%. Thus with the exception of macroscopic, nonmedullary carcinomas, there was no evidence that thyroid disease accompanies HPT. Furthermore, parathyroid adenomas were not more frequent in surgical thyroid disease. Lesions of the thyroid and parathyroid glands are prevalent in middle-age women. This probably is the major factor that accounts for their coexistence.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

[Preoperative irradiation in the treatment of rectal carcinoma: study of results of 116 cases at five years (author's transl)].

Pilot study of combined radiosurgical treatment of carcinoma of the rectum. 116 patients underwent surgical excision of a carcinoma of the rectum after concentrated preoperative irradiation giving 40 grays in 18 sessions over the pelvic tumour volume. The operation in 79 cases consisted of abdomino-perineal excision and in 37 cases of anterior resection. The node involvement noticed on the resected volume is of 16,4 per cent. The operative mortality is of 7,7 per cent and the complications due to radiotherapy itself mainly a delay in cicatrisation. Survival rate at five years is of 60 per cent. Preoperative irradiation seems to be realy a benefit in the treatment of rectal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Perfusion of isolated rat liver. Utilization of a perfusion without heparin. Validity of the preparation].

The blood and liver giver animals are given "Tromexan" for a period of three days. The blood defibrination is finished off by shaking. The perfusion is made of defibrinated blood to which is added a compounding of mineral salts, albumin and glucose in adequate proportions. The fluid is used during 150 minutes with a biliary flow of 4 ul/minute (instead of 8 in perfusions with heparine). The validity of the preparation is tested by biliary acids, cholesterol and Brom Sulfon Phtalein biliary elimination research. This fluid can be used when heparin is avoided: for example in a case of investigation of fat emulsion scrubbing.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nipple aspiration in diagnosis of breast cancer.

It has been shown that early detection of breast cancer saves lives. Mammography and physical examination are currently the most commonly utilized screening methods for breast cancer. Research is being carried out to optimize these screening methods, as well as to develop new techniques. This review summarizes the findings of the research focusing on the diagnostic techniques involving the breast ductal system to date. These tests include nipple fluid cytology, nipple fluid tumor markers, ductogram, and ductoscopy.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Panic disorder among Vietnamese refugees attending a psychiatric clinic: prevalence and subtypes.

This study surveys Vietnamese refugees attending two psychiatric clinics to determine both the prevalence of panic disorder (PD) as well as panic attack subtypes in those suffering PD. A culturally valid adaptation of the SCID-panic module (the Vietnamese Panic Disorder Survey or VPDS) was administered to 100 Vietnamese refugees attending two psychiatric clinics. Utilizing culturally sensitive panic probes, the VPDS provides information regarding both the presence of PD and panic attack subtypes during the month prior to interview. Of 100 patients surveyed, 50 (50%) currently suffered PD. Among the 50 patients suffering PD, the most common panic attack subtypes during the previous month were the following: "orthostatic dizziness" (74% of the 50 panic disorder patients [PDPs]), headache (50% of PDPs), wind-induced/temperature-shift-induced (24% of PDPs), effort-induced (18% of PDPs), gastro-intestinal (16% of PDPs), micturition-induced (8% of PDPs), out-of-the-blue palpitations (24% of PDPs), and out-of-the-blue shortness of breath (16% of PDPs). Five mechanisms are adduced to account for this high PD prevalence as well as the specific profile of subtypes: 1) a trauma-caused panic attack diathesis; 2) trauma-event cues; 3) ethnic differences in physiology; 4) catastrophic cognitions generated by cultural syndromes; and 5) a modification of Clark's spiral of panic.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regression of metastatic breast cancer in a patient treated with the anti-angiogenic drug TNP-470.

BACKGROUND: Solid tumors in general, and breast cancer in particular, depend on angiogenesis to grow and metastasize. Multiple agents have been developed in order to inhibit this phenomenon of tumor-induced angiogenesis. TNP-470 is one of the most potent of these drugs. We report here a case of regression of metastatic lesions from breast cancer due to the administration of the anti-angiogenic drug TNP-470. METHODS: A 44-year-old woman with a history of stage 2 breast cancer developed metastases at four sites: eye, lung, liver, and bone. She had been treated with radiation, megace, adriamycin, cytoxan, and 5-fluorouracil with disease stabilization. After she completed her radiation and chemotherapy, she was started on TNP-470. RESULTS: In response to TNP-470, her disease showed a partial response at the three-month follow-up and stabilization at the five-month follow-up. There were no side effects, and her quality of life was good. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this patient is the first reported case of regression of breast cancer metastases as a result of treatment with TNP-470. Anti-angiogenic drugs hold promise for the future therapy of breast cancer, and possibly of many other solid tumors as well.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Livistona extract inhibits angiogenesis and cancer growth.

In a screen for naturally occurring angiogenic inhibitors, we have identified an extract from the seed of the plant Livistona chinensis, which has potent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity. The aqueous extract inhibits the in vitro proliferation of endothelial cells and multiple tumor cell lines including mouse fibrosarcoma and human breast and colon cancer. In mouse experiments, this extract suppresses the growth of the subcutaneous fibrosarcoma tumors. When the seed is separated into different components, the shell including the seed skin appears more potent than the inner kernel in tumor suppression. Our results suggest that the extract from the shell of Livistona chinensis may be a potential supplemental source for cancer treatment.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in relation to disease progression in children.

OBJECTIVE: To compare patterns of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions over time in the V1V2 and C2V3 regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env and in a conserved segment of pol in HIV-1-infected children with varying rates of CD4+ T-cell decline. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Longitudinal study of HIV-1 genetic variants sampled from peripheral blood of 3 children affected with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 4 children with slow disease progression. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HIV-1 genetic material in plasma-derived virions and cellular DNA. Sequence variants were enumerated by screening cloned PCR products using heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) or single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and nucleotide sequencing. Frequencies of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions within sampling points and the accumulation rate of nucleotide substitutions over the period of observation were calculated. RESULTS: In the C2V3 region, higher rates of accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions were associated with more precipitous declines in CD4+ cell numbers. In the V1V2 region, rates of accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions were comparable with those in the C2V3 region, but similar rates were observed in AIDS-affected children and children with slow disease progression. The rate of accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions in the pol region was lower than that in the C2V3 and V1V2 regions. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of accumulation of nucleotide substitutions vary across the HIV-1 genome and differ in relation to disease progression in children. The finding of greater rates of nonsynonymous substitution in the immunodominant C2V3 region in children whose disease progressed rapidly is consistent with a vigorous but inadequate immune response in children who are unable to control HIV-1 infection.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alpha7 nicotinic receptor subunits are not necessary for hippocampal-dependent learning or sensorimotor gating: a behavioral characterization of Acra7-deficient mice.

The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is abundantly expressed in the hippocampus and contributes to hippocampal cholinergic synaptic transmission suggesting that it may contribute to learning and memory. There is also evidence for an association between levels of alpha7 nAChR and in sensorimotor gating impairments. To examine the role of alpha7 nAChRs in learning and memory and sensorimotor gating, Acra7 homozygous mutant mice and their wild-type littermates were tested in a Pavlovian conditioned fear test, for spatial learning in the Morris water task, and in the prepulse inhibition paradigm. Exploratory activity, motor coordination, and startle habituation were also evaluated. Acra7 mutant mice displayed the same levels of contextual and auditory-cue condition fear as wild-type mice. Similarly, there were no differences in spatial learning performance between mutant and wild-type mice. Finally, Acra7 mutant and wild-type mice displayed similar levels of prepulse inhibition. Other behavioral responses in Acra7 mutant mice were also normal, except for an anxiety-related behavior in the open-field test. The results of this study show that the absence of alpha7 nAChRs has little impact on normal, base-line behavioral responses. Future studies will examine the contribution of alpha7 nAChR to the enhancement of learning and sensorimotor gating following nicotine treatments.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Difficulties with immunofixation interpretation].

Immunofixation is widely used for monoclonal gammapathies identification and Bence Jones proteinuria research. In more of cases, interpretation is easy, but some difficulties persist. Five examples are presented and their causes are analysed; in our first case, seric immunofixation shows the problem generated by additives. These components are added to optimize antigen- antibody reaction but they can induce interferences; three cases of urinary immunofixation showing Bence Jones proteinuria with/or without complete monoclonal immunoglobulin are presented. The variability of immunsera avidity is sometimes a problem; a case of light chain disease associated with monoclonal IgA illustrate difficulties of interpretation when precipitin bands have nearly the same migration. These examples underline the great importance of regular controls of immunologic reagents. The use of two antisera with the same specificity but different origin is recommended in order to resolve difficulties with interpretation of immunofixation.

Aged↗