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Biomedical subjects

M Ndiaye

Publications and source records attributed to M Ndiaye.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Undernutrition and vitamin A deficiency in the Department of Linguère, Louga Region of Sénégal.

Anthropometric measurements were taken on 281 toddlers (24-48 mo old) in Linguère, Sénégal, to determine the prevalence of undernutrition. Blood samples collected from 271 of the toddlers were analyzed for retinol and carotenoids by HPLC. According to the National Center for Health Statistics reference values 30.2% of the population was undernourished. Serum retinol values were below the lower limit of the normal range in 71.5% of the children; 7.4% of this group had concentrations < 0.35 mumol/L, placing them at risk for xerophthalmia. Only 3% of the population had serum retinol values > or = 1.0 mumol/L. Serum carotenoids were low (< 0.70 mumol/L) in 55% of the children. Retinol-binding protein values were low and measurable concentrations of retinyl palmitate were detectable in only 17% of the children. Undernutrition and poor vitamin A status were found to exist at a concentration that would endanger health.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1993

[Neck trauma in civil practice: a 16-year experience].

In spite of their seriousness, neck traumatism still are an unknown pathology. In a 16 years old hospital practice we have recorded 27 cases of neck traumatism. They concern, mainly, male adult. Accidental circumstances deal only with civil practice. The vulnerant agent is white weapon in 63% of the cases either in a suicide or aggression purpose. Because it occurs, mainly, with white weapons, penetrating wounds are more frequent (85%). Exploration cervicotomy has been indicated for 23 patients. But it was effective for only 22 patients. In 83% of cases surgery occurred in the first 48 hours delay. It permitted to find out a 78% score of aero-digestive tracks, and about 22% of vascular injury. We have recorded two death cases. One of them was noticed after surgery. These 27 cases do not, indeed, reflect the reality. Many people who died immediately after their accident may have undergone unseen neck traumatisms. By the same way, numbers of "closed" internal neck traumatisms have been misknown in the hospital. We, thus, suggest a reorganisation of surgical and medical emergencies in Senegal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Colic occlusions: retrospective study of 62 cases].

The profile of colic occlusions has been drawn from sixty two (62) observations made at the Surgical Clinic between 1970 and 1984. The male sex was slightly more affected (3 men for 2 women) with the age of the patients ranging from 19 to 82 years. The clinical sign could be summed up as following: a montrous ballooning of the abdomen which is asymmetrical in 89% of the cases. The occlusions with a stade of shock represented 58% of our observations. The abdomen plain film exhibited the characteristic signs in 89% of the cases. The etiology is dominated by the volvulus of the pelvic colon in 83% of the cases. The essentially surgical treatment has mostly consisted on a resection-anastomosis. Mortality rate was 9.7%. Late consultation of the patients, the shortage of fully equiped medical infrastructure explain the gravity of the affection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Acidity and microbial flora contaminating Senegalese reconstituted curdled milk produced on small scale].

The present study is carried out to appreciate the acidity, and survey the microbiological quality of reconstituted curdled milk (R.C.M.) obtained on small scale. For his, a total of 100 samples collected from Dakar's sellers were examined. The results show that: pH of R.C.M. is low and very variable: 4.17 +/- 0.30, titrable acidity is high: 152.6 +/- 26.5 degrees D, 5% of samples are contaminated by fecal coliforms and yielded counts of 20 germs/g, 19% of samples are polluted by Staphylococcus aureus to level equal to 10(2) germs/g or higher, yeasts and moulds are present in all samples, salmonella were absent. Saphylococcus aureus survival in curdled milk despite a dysgenesic acidity may be the result of very unhygienic conditions of preparation. Sellers and consumers must be encouraged to respect hygienic rules of preparation. It is the only way to prevent food poisoning.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Endosymbiotic relationship between a rickettsia-like microorganism and the male germ-cells of Culex tigripes.

The male mosquitoes of the species Culex tigripes possess endosymbionts localized in the cytoplasm of the germ-cells. The somatic cells of the testis do not exhibit this particularity. The spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids all possess a few symbionts. They are eliminated in the residual body at the end of spermiogenesis when the spermatozoon matures. They are absent from the seminal vesicles. A few spermatocytes and spermatids show a proliferation of the endosymbionts. This seems to be associated with an abnormal spermiogenesis. These symbionts are comparable to the Wolbachia described in two other species of mosquitoes: Culex pipiens and Aedes scutellaris.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Severe acute asthma in adults in black Africa].

A prospective study has been conducted in an intensive care unit of West Africa in order to determine the clinical and laboratory features of severe acute asthma in black Africans. The study concerned 55 episodes of severe acute asthma, with PaCO2 above 45 mmHg, in 42 patients (26 men and 16 women, mean age 35 +/- 3 years). A triggering factor was found in only 36 percent of the cases. None of the patients were using beta-adrenergic stimulants as maintenance therapy. The mean duration of asthmatic attacks prior to hospitalization was 49 +/- 7 hours. Three patients had cardiorespiratory arrest on admission. Mechanical ventilation was necessary on 12 occasions (initially in 4 and secondarily in 8). Four patients died. It would appear from this study that severe acute asthma in black Africans is characterized by a prolonged onset and by a frequent need for mechanical ventilation, suggesting a physiopathological mechanism different from that described in industrialized countries.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of severe tetanus by intrathecal injections of baclofen without artificial ventilation.

A study was conducted to evaluate repeated intrathecal injections of baclofen, without artificial ventilation, in the treatment of severe tetanus. Ten patients, 5 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 34 +/- 7 years, were included in the study. The dose of baclofen injected was 1000 micrograms between the ages of 16 and 55 years, 800 micrograms over the age of 55 years and 500 micrograms under the age of 16 years. The efficacy was assessed on the basis of the resolution of contractures and paroxysms and the initial dose was reinjected prior to the reappearance of these symptoms. Treatment was discontinued in the case of central nervous system depression or inefficacy. The first injection was effective in 9 cases for 24-48 h. The haemodynamic safety was always good. Five patients developed central depression with coma and respiratory depression, requiring artificial ventilation in 3 cases and reversed by flumazenil in 2 cases. Five patients were treated exclusively with baclofen with 4 cures. Five patients had to be ventilated with only one cure. This study confirms earlier studies concerning the efficacy of intrathecal baclofen in tetanus. However, the frequency of episodes of respiratory depression prevents the recommendation of repeated injections when respiratory intensive care facilities are not available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of diazepam on mortality from acute chloroquine poisoning].

A retrospective study was carried out, over a twelve-year period, of all cases of acute chloroquine poisoning where more than 2 g of chloroquine had been taken. It included 386 patients; of these, 60 who had taken drugs other than chloroquine, and 17 who had ingested less than 1 g of the drug, were excluded. The remaining 309 patients were allocated to two groups: a "control group", consisting of the patients admitted between January 1973 and April 1980 (n = 146), and a "diazepam group", made up of those admitted from May 1980 to December 1989 (n = 163). The patients in the latter group had had the same symptomatic treatment as those in the control group, and had been routinely given a 0.5 mg.kg-1 bolus of diazepam on admission followed by 0.1 mg.kg-1.day-1 for every 100 mg of chloroquine supposed to have been ingested. Both groups were divided into three subgroups, those patients with cardiorespiratory arrest, and those with, and those without, symptoms on admission. No statistically significant difference was found between either the control and diazepam groups or between subgroups, concerning the distribution of age, sex, amount of chloroquine supposed to have been ingested, delay in hospital admission and death rate. However, there was a higher death rate in the asymptomatic subgroup not treated with diazepam than in the diazepam group. Therefore, the routine use of diazepam for the treatment of acute chloroquine poisoning does not seem to be justified in symptomatic cases and in those with inaugural cardiac arrest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Fungi in the hospital environment and infectious risk].

Using petridishes at hospital in services with risk patients, we have isolated Aspergillus (41.5%), Penicillium (26.4%), Candida (12.2%), Fusarium (7.5%), Mucorales (5%), Scopulariopsis (5%), Scytalidium (0.8%), Tricothecium (0.8%), Ulocladium (0.8%). Several fungi grew at 37 degrees. These saprophytic fungi could give opportunistic mycoses in immunodeficient patients.

Fungi↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of severe tetanus by repeated intrathecal injections of baclofen].

A case of tétanos was treated through intrathecal injections of baclofen. This new technique was pioneered in Anglo-saxon countries and has made it possible in the present case to success fully treat a Mollaret's third-stage generalized tetanus, without a tracheotomy or controlled ventilation. Because of its simplicity low cost, this technique could be another way of treating African tetanus.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Preliminary study on the nutritional status of patients operated on for cancer of the digestive system: reflections apropos of the first 18 cases].

The authors undertook a preliminary study of two categories of patients to link morbidity and mortality to the nutritional condition of patients before and after surgery: the first group of patients were to be operated on for cancer; the second group was to act as a control group. For both groups, a study was made before and after surgery, of the nutritional condition of the patients and of progress, respectively. The findings revealed signs of de-nutrition in both groups and a distinct correlation between post-operation complications and the degree of de-nutrition. Hence, in the case of cancer, it is recommended some nutritional preparation before the operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Current aspects on cerebral malaria in the non-immune patient in African endemic areas].

The current clinical and therapeutic aspects of cerebral malaria in non-immune adult subjects living in endemic areas of Africa were evaluated in 10 men (mean age: 40 + or - 11, 4 years). On admission, 8 patients had fever, 3 were truly comatose with a Glasgow score of 7 or more. All had negative central venous pressure and only one was in a state of hyperkinetic shock. Respiratory symptoms were present in 8 cases, and jaundice was observed in 8 cases. Three patients has a haemoglobin level lower than 8 g/100 ml, and 8 had thrombocytopenia. Blood creatinine levels above 240 umol/l and blood bilirubin levels above 50 umol/l were found in 6 and 8 patients respectively. Plasma creatine phosphokinase was above 500 iu/l in 7 cases, and PaO2 was above 70 mmHg in 7 cases. All patients received quinine, combined with doxycycline in 6 cases. Infectious complications occurred in 5 patients, with 2 septic shocks. Two patients developed acute pulmonary oedema. Five patients died. This study shows that cerebral malaria in non-immune subjects living in endemic areas produces multivisceral deficiency similar to that observed in imported malaria. Its prognosis can be improved by loading doses of quinine and by a better prevention of nosocomial infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Severe malaria in Black Africa].

Severe and complicated malaria is a fatal from a human Plasmodium falciparum infection. In clinical practice cerebral malaria in children, with unrousable coma, hyperthermia, generalized convulsions, frequently hypoglycemia, is different of severe in non immunized adults resulting in multiple organ failure with degree of impaired consciousness less important. Specific treatment requires quinine with loading dose: 16.7 mg/kg then 8.3 mg/kg every 8 hours for 7 days. Symptomatic therapy, artificial ventilation in particular is indispensable. Recovery is usual in children although neurological sequelae are frequent. In adults evolution is often complicated with pulmonary edema, aggravation of coma, nosocomial infection, and sometimes late multiple organ failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Bloodless emergent laparotomy for acute abdominal syndrome].

Bloodless laparotomy (BL) is defined as an opened exploration of the abdominal cavity that yields negative results, i.e., "provides no information as to the cause of the clinical and paraclinical symptoms responsible for prompting the surgical investigation". The authors report a retrospective study spanning January 1975 to December 1989, on the incidence of and mortality associated with emergent BL in patients with acute abdominal syndrome, with the intent of reducing its frequency. Over this period, 24 BL occurred in 3480 emergent laparotomies, i.e., 0.63%. These involved 7 men, 5 women, 5 boys and 7 girls, aged 4 to 52 years (mean age = 19.5 years). Indications for surgery were based on clinical signs, as well as on laboratory findings such as chest X-ray and plain radiography and needle-puncture of the abdomen. Surgical data indicated:liver cirrhosis--3 cases; mesenteric adenopathy--3 cases; intestinal parasitosis--1 case; bilateral adnescitis--1 case; polycystic ovaries--1 case; wall abscess--1 case; unexplained pain--14 cases. The mortality rate was 2/24. Use of other paraclinical investigations, namely ultrasonography, laparoscopy and peritoneal lavage, and of computer science methods after a prior clinical examination initiated by history-taking, might help reduce the rate of BLs, which are non-devoid of mortality.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1990

[Penetrating wounds of the chest].

The authors report on 116 chest wound cases. The initial death rate is very high--47.41%. A knife wound is the most common cause (83.64%). Among casualties brought in alive, pure thorax wounds predominated (67.21%) followed by thoraco-abdominal wounds (26.23%) and cervico-thorax wounds (6.56%). Post-mortems attribute death to the seriousness of visceral lesions with the heart wounded in over 41.81% of the cases. The seriousness of chest wounds is stressed, as is the need for full and rapid therapy.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1990

[Pancreatic pseudocyst: diagnosis, treatment. Apropos of 7 cases].

A pseudocyst of the pancreas (PCP) is a rare affliction in Africa despite widespread malnutrition and abdominal disorders. The authors cover 7 PCP observations on 3 men and 2 women between 18 and 32 years, and 2 boys of 5 and 6 years, in the clinical context of abdominal pain (7/7), an abdominal tumour (7/7) and as a sequence to abdominal contusion (4/7). In 5 cases, echotomography led the etiological investigation of the liquid mass to seek a pancreatic origin. Surgical treatment consisted of 2 termino-lateral cystojejunostomies on a shaped flexure++ and 3 latero-lateral cystojejunostomies (of which one had to be drained externally two times); and a corporeo-caudal pancreatectomy. Supervision of between 1 1/2 and 5 years (1 1/2 years: 3 patients; 2 1/2 years: 2 patients; 5 years: 1 patient; 1 patient lost track of) revealed only one recurrence after internal latero-lateral drainage, and that without clinical repercussions. The authors use this short experiment to study the clinical and paraclinical symptomatology, the etiology and the treatment of PCPs. They stress the role of medical pictures in diagnosis, and of interventional radiology in treatment, but above all the primacy of surgery to treat pseudocysts of the pancreas in Africa.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1990

[Traumatic rupture of the isthmus of the thoracic aorta (midterm results in a series of 15 cases)].

The authors present a series of 15 cases of traumatic disruption of the aortic isthmus. There were 9 cases of acute rupture and 6 of chronic rupture. All the patients have been operated on. Different technics was used to protect the viscera during aortic cross-clamping, partial E.C.C. in 9 cases, clamp-repair technic in 4 cases and a GOTT shunt in 2 cases. 4 patients died in the first thirty days (3 acute and 1 chronic). 2 cases of paraplegia was observed. All the patients have been reviewed after a mean follow-up of 36 months and remain well but one who is still paraplegic. Surgical repair is mandatory in acute and aortic disruption with a great attention to the associated injuries.

Accidents, Traffic↗