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Biomedical subjects

M Nakaya

Publications and source records attributed to M Nakaya.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Value of the staged segmental crossclamp to the aorta technique and reimplantation of intercostal arteries for the prevention of spinal complications associated with surgery for descending and thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Spinal complication associated with descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery is most serious. This report deals with the value of the segmental crossclamp technique and/or reimplantation of intercostal arteries for the prevention of this serious complication. The subjects were 107 patients, 87 with descending thoracic and 21 with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm who were operated on from May 1987 to March 1992 at the National Cardiovascular Center in Osaka. The staged segmental crossclamp technique was applied in 24, while the reconstruction of intercostal arteries was undertaken in 25 patients. Thirteen patients received both procedures simultaneously. The surgical and hospital mortality rates were 1.8% and 8.4%, respectively. Spinal complications were encountered in 11 patients (8.3%), paraplegia in 2 (1.8%) and paralysis in 7 (6.5%). The incidence of paraplegia or paralysis did not decrease under the crossclamp technique and/or reimplantation of intercostal arteries, although no spinal complication was observed in the last consecutive 33 cases. It was speculated that although advances in surgical techniques in dealing with these lesions have been obtained, these two procedures did not completely prevent spinal ischemia/complication during surgical intervention.

Aorta↗
PubMed1996

[Interleukin-8 in sputum from patients with pulmonary emphysema].

We measured concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in sputum from 38 patients with pulmonary emphysema, from 30 patients with bronchial asthma, and in induced sputum from 10 healthy subjects. Concentrations of IL-8 were significantly higher in sputum from patients with emphysema than in sputum from patients with asthma (mean +/- SE: 22,961 +/- 1,412 pg/ml and 9,135 +/- 1,590 pg/ml, respectively, p<0.0001) and were also higher than in sputum from healthy subjects (3,253+/-687 pg/ml, p<0.0001). Concentrations of IL-8 in sputum from patients with emphysema were unrelated to whether the patient was a current smoker or an ex-smoker, and did not correlate with concentrations of IL-8 in serum. Concentrations of IL-8 in sputum from patients with emphysema correlated significantly with FEV1% (r=-0.78, p<0.0001) and with %RV/TLC (r=0.63, p<0.01). These data suggest that IL-8 is mainly involved in chronic airway inflammation and that concentrations of IL-8 in sputum are closely related to airflow obstruction in patients with pulmonary emphysema.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Investigation of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor in patients with active tuberculosis].

It is assumed that soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I and II (sTNF-RI, II) play important roles in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) activity. We measured the levels of circulating sTNF-R in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 31) and the correlation between TNF-alpha and sTNF-R in serum level was investigated. We also compared sTNF-R levels before and after the treatment in 7 cases. Significant increase of circulating sTNF-R were found in patients with tuberculosis compared with the normal controls (n = 28) (p < 0.01). Moreover, significant positive correlations were found between TNF-alpha and sTNF-R I and II (r = 0.520, r = 0.553) in serum comparing sTNF-R levels before and after the treatment for patients with tuberculosis, significant fall was found in sTNF-R I, but not in sTNF-R II. As a result, it is suggested that sTNF-R regulates TNF-alpha activity in patients with tuberculosis, and that sTNF-R I levels could be used as one of the indices to evaluate the clinical activity of tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Analysis of body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and its relation to pulmonary function in patients with pulmonary emphysema].

The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its relation to pulmonary function. Seventeen men with pulmonary emphysema who were being treated as outpatients were divided into three groups, according to ideal body weight (IBW): group A, %IBW > or = 90%; group B, 90 > %IBM > or = 80; and group C, %IBW < 80. All underwent body composition analysis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fat mass and bone mineral content were significantly lower in groups B and C than in control subjects. Lean mass was significantly lower in group C than in control subjects. By contrast, group A did not differ significantly from control subjects. Lean mass correlated significantly with %VC, FEV1, RV/TLC, and MVV. These data suggest that lean mass is low in moderately and severely malnourished patients, that bone mineral content and fat mass are low in mildly malnourished patients, and that abnormal body composition is associated with ventilatory impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

[Atypical mycobacteriosis (Mycobacterium xenopi) with "initial aggravation"].

A 66-year-old man was admitted to Nara Medical University Hospital because of sputum production and fevre. A chest X-ray film obtained on admission revealed many cysts and an infiltrative shadow in the right upper lung field. The patient was treated with antimycobacterial drugs (isoniazid 400 mg, streptomycin 0.75 g, and rifampicin 450 mg) because acid-fast bacilli were detected in his sputum. Although the symptoms and laboratory data improved, a new infiltrative shadow developed in the right lower lung field two months after the start of treatment. Transbronchial biopsy specimens showed intraluminal organizing exudate and alveolitis. The new lesion resolved when treated with the same antimycobacterial drugs. Mycobacterium xenopi was cultured from the sputum 80 days later. This is the third reported case of atypical mycobacteriosis (non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis) due to M. xenopi in Japan with the "initial aggravation" seen in some patients with typical pulmonary tuberculosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical benefit of nutritional assessment and support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Weight loss is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Comprehensive nutritional assessment was conducted in two large groups of patients with COPD who were enrolled in the Respiratory Failure Research Program sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Kinki COPD Research Group. The incidences of mild malnutrition (%IBW < 90%) were 74% and 62%, respectively. The incidences of hypoalbuminemia were low: 10.0% and 6.5%, respectively. The incidence of imbalance in plasma amino acids, which was defined as an abnormally low BCAA/AAA ratio, was as high as 93% in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure. The %IBW was significantly related to the FEV1 and to the DLco/VA. The moderately-malnourished subpopulation was characterized by a greater degree of hyperinflation and hypercapnea: the measured resting energy expenditure (REE) was significantly higher than the values in age-matched healthy controls. REE/REEpred was significantly and inversely related to BCAA/AAA and to Pimax. REE was inversely related to FEV1%. REE in the subgroup with severe hyperinflation was significantly higher than REE in those with milder hyperinflation. Among patients with an FEV1% of less than 50%, mortality tended to be higher in those with lower body weight, and this relationship was stronger in patients with an FEV1% of more than 50%. When patients were given a BCAA-enriched enteral formula in addition to their usual diet for 3 months, there was a significant increase in body weight, transferrin level, and Pimax.

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗
PubMed1995

Temperature acclimation induces light meromyosin isoforms with different primary structures in carp fast skeletal muscle.

Carp acclimated to 10 degrees C gave 69k, 66k, and 62kDa light meromyosin (LMM) fragments in SDS-PAGE, while fish acclimated to 30 degrees C gave 74k, 69k, 66k, and 62kDa fragments. The microsequence analysis revealed that the 69k and 66kDa components from the 10 degrees C-acclimated carp contained an N-terminal amino acid sequence different from that of 62kDa. The four fragments from the 30 degrees C-acclimated carp showed the same sequence as that of the 69k and 66kDa components from the 10 degrees C-acclimated carp, except that the 2nd amino acid, Ala, of the 10 degrees C-acclimated LMM was replaced by Thr. DNA fragments encoding an N-terminal region of LMM were amplified by PCR or reverse transcriptase-PCR, demonstrating that the two acclimated groups further contained several amino acids substituted.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1995

Differences in the thermal stability of acclimation temperature-associated types of carp myosin and its rod on differential scanning calorimetry.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed for studying the thermal unfolding of myosin and its rod part prepared from carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees C. Differences in the thermal stability reflecting structural properties were clearly demonstrated by the DSC data obtained at pH 8.0 in 0.6 M KCl for the two types of carp myosin and rod. The transition temperatures on myosin and rod given by the major peaks for the 10 degrees C-acclimated carp were 33.9 and 47.4 degrees C and 33.0 and 44.0 degrees C, respectively, assuming two endotherms for this type. Since the shape of the first peaks at 33.9 and 33.0 degrees C was not symmetrical, two peaks having similar transition temperatures overlapped in this temperature range. When the data were analyzed using three endotherms, the three transition temperatures obtained for myosin and rod were 32.8, 34.9, and 47.4 degrees C and 32.9, 33.4, and 44.1 degrees C, respectively. Thus, the position of the first peak for the 10 degrees C-acclimated carp myosin did not change even after removal of the large subfragment-1 part, but the transition of the second peak shifted to a lower temperature by about 3 degrees C. The myosin and rod from carp acclimated to 30 degrees C showed three distinct peaks at 35.9, 39.7, and 49.1 degrees C and 34.5, 39.7, and 46.7 degrees C, respectively. The position of the largest peak for myosin remained unchanged, and the shift of the peak position of the highest temperature was about 3 degrees C, as obtained for the 10 degrees C-acclimated carp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1995

Is mythical delusion a factor blocking schizophrenic symptoms?

It has been stated that mythical delusion can block schizophrenic symptoms. However, there are some schizophrenics in whom mythical delusion does not react against schizophrenic symptoms. Three cases are reported of mythical delusion and what conditions are necessary for the mythical delusion to "block" schizophrenic symptoms are considered. Such "blocking' can be found in the mythical delusion which mediates between schizophrenic symptoms and reality. Conversely, when there is no relationship between mythical delusion and schizophrenic symptoms "blocking' cannot be expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

True auditory hallucinations as a conversion symptom.

Detailed descriptions of true hallucinations as a conversion symptom are rare in the psychiatric literature. The author presents a case with true conversive auditory hallucinations which paradigmatically demonstrates the usefulness of the concept in the treatment of such hallucinations. The phenomenon of true conversive hallucinations may contribute to the embryological understanding of mental disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Changes in blood biochemical parameters in tail-suspended rats.

There have been many studies on the effects of gravity on animals and humans. In particular, weightlessness and the time course of physiological shifts in space acclimation are the most significant problems in a space environment. In a laboratory setting, tail suspension in rats has been utilized for simulation of weightlessness. We therefore utilized this technique in order to study the influence of microgravity on blood constituents in rats. It was clarified that some blood biochemical parameters were effected for the duration of suspension exposure, and they are reported here.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Studies on production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and granulocyte. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection].

Production of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) from patients with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection was assessed and the relationship with their clinical course was analyzed. PBMs were obtained from MAC-infected patients in their active stage as well as in the inactive stage and the healthy controls. Spontaneous release of IL-1 beta by PBMs from patients in the active stage was higher than those by the cells in the inactive stage or the healthy controls. On the other hand, spontaneous GM-CSF release by PBMs from patients in the active stage was higher than the healthy controls. When PBMs were stimulated with MAC-derived purified protein derivatives (PPD-B), increased production of both IL-1 beta and GM-CSF were obtained for PBMs in their active stage. While these enhanced production upon stimulation with PPD-B related to the persistent infection with MAC, the increased IL-1 beta production correlated with the exhausted nutritional state. Both IL-1 beta and GM-CSF produced by PBMs seemed to be closely related with the clinical course of human MAC infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[The evaluation of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level in peripheral blood of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis].

We investigated the serum level of IL-8 and TNF-alpha using ELISA in 16 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis before administration of antituberculous drugs and in age-, smoking habit-matched 20 healthy controls. The mean level of serum IL-8 in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The mean level of serum TNF-alpha in tuberculosis patients was also high, while TNF-alpha was not detectable in the sera of healthy controls. We also examined the relationship between clinical pictures mainly defined by radiographic findings and the serum levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha. The serum IL-8 level of 9 patients with tuberculous cavity is significantly higher than that of 7 patients without cavity. (P < 0.05) We classified the patients with cavities into two subgroups according to the radiographic classification of the Japanese Society of Tuberculosis. Four patients with advanced lesions on chest X-ray showed higher serum IL-8 level than 5 patients with moderate lesions (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no correlation between serum TNF-alpha level and radiographic findings. These results suggest that IL-8 appears to be involved in the formation of tuberculous cavitary lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 by peripheral monocytes from patients with atypical mycobacteriosis--relationship to clinical activity].

The production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) from patients infected with Mycobacterium avium intracellular complex (MAC) were assessed. Spontaneous release of both TNF alpha and IL-6 were greater during the active stage than during the inactive stage and in healthy controls. When the cells were stimulated with MAC-derived purified protein derivative B (PPD-B). TNF alpha production by PBMs in the active stage increased and IL-6 production by cells in both the active and inactive stages decreased. Moreover, the in vitro increase in TNF alpha production after stimulation in the active stage seemed to be related to the persistent MAC infection, which resulted in an exhaustion of nutrition. These results suggest that the ability of PBMs to produce TNF alpha and IL-6 in vitro is closely related to the clinical stage of MAC infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Diagnostic value of tissue polypeptide antigen in pleural effusions with malignant pleural mesothelioma].

There are no known tumor makers of malignant pleural mesothelioma. We measured the concentration of TPA in the pleural effusions from patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and from patients with other pleural diseases, evaluate its clinical usefulness. The concentration of TPA was more than 7,000 U/l (mean: 18,600 +/- 9,867 U/l, n = 5) in all patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, but it was less than 4,000 U/l in those with benign asbestos pleurisy and other benign pleural effusion (benign asbestos pleurisy 1,598 +/- 570, n = 5: p < 0.01, tuberculous pleurisy 1.37 +/- 759, n = 11: p < 0.01, others 2,497 +/- 2,152 n = 3: p < 0.05). The concentration of TPA in the pleural effusions was not significantly different between malignant pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer (12,287 +/- 17,070 U/l). However, in all patients with lung cancer and high TPA concentrations, cytologically malignant cells were detected in the pleural effusions. TPA was high in all five patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, but cytologically malignant cells were detected in only one patient. Only in malignant pleural mesothelioma (not in other benign disease or in lung cancer) was the concentration of TPA more than 4,000 U/l, and no evidence of malignancy was obtained by cytological methods. These findings suggest that assessing TPA in the pleural effusion might contribute to the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Studies on mucociliary transport in patients with pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis--by aerosol inhalation cine-scintigraphy].

Mucociliary transport (MCT) was studied in 22 patients with atypical mycobacteriosis (Group I : 16 with M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC), Group II : 6 with M. kansasii) by aerosol inhalation cine-scintigraphy. In most of the patients, the MCT was abnormally slow both in the main bronchus and in the trachea, while in healthy controls the transport of the inhaled aerosol in the bronchus and the trachea were rapid and smooth. In both groups, the tracheal MCT was impaired in two thirds of the patients, while the MCT in the main bronchus was impaired in all except one in Group I and in two-thirds in Group II. The results indicate that the grade of bronchial impairment was higher in MAC than in M. kansasii infections. In atypical mycobacteriosis, especially in MAC infections, such impairment of MCT could be closely related to the disruption of local defence mechanisms in the airways.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium szulgai associated with multiple bullous disease of the lung].

A 46-years-old male was admitted to our hospital because of productive cough and infiltrates on the chest roentogenogram. The patient had a history of left upper bullectomy ten years prior to the admission. The CT scan of the chest on admission showed infiltrats with cavitation in the left apex and multiple bullae in almost whole lung. Microscopical examination of smears of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed acid-fast bacilli. They were identified as Mycobacterium szulgai by DNA-DNA hybridization method. The patient was treated with isoniazid, streptomycin and rifampicin. After treatment for about a month, the culture of sputum converted to negative for M. szulgai. After about three months hospitalization, the infiltrates decreased and the cavity wall became thin, and no recurrence sign has been observed after the discharge. There are a few case reports of pulmonary infection due to M. szulgai associated with bullous disease of the lung in Japan.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗