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Biomedical subjects

M Nakano

Publications and source records attributed to M Nakano.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

An autopsy case of tuberous sclerosis associated with primary pericardial mesothelioma.

Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville-Pringle phacomatosis) has been known to be associated with cardiac rhabdomyoma, but apparently never previously with primary pericardial mesothelioma. We present an autopsy case of this condition in a 59-year-old man, who had been diagnosed as having tuberous sclerosis in view of the presence of facial sebaceous adenoma, mental retardation, intracranial calcification, cerebral ventricular dilatation and renal tumor. During the clinical course, characterized by heart failure due to cardiac tamponade, cardiac sarcoma was diagnosed by imaging techniques. Autopsy revealed biphasic-type primary pericardial mesothelioma. As to the tuberous sclerosis, atypical giant cells in the tubers of the cerebral cortex and the lateral ventricular wall were found, which were considered to be derived from neurons rather than glial cells on the basis of staining with Bodian, Holzer, and antibodies against NSE, GFA and S-100 protein. In old tubers protruding into the lateral ventricles, fibrous glias were present with dense calcospherite deposits, coinciding with the CT findings. The renal tumors were angiomyolipomas, which were present bilaterally and showed partially infiltrative growth, but seemed to have a benign nature because of the lack of metastasis and atypism of the leiomyocytes.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1989

Study on transport of disopyramide into the intestinal lumen aimed at gastrointestinal dialysis by activated charcoal in rats.

The characteristics of exsorption and/or excretion of disopyramide into the gastrointestinal lumen have been investigated after intravenous administration of the drug at doses of 10 and 30 mg kg-1 to rats by the in-situ single pass perfusion technique. Disopyramide was appreciably excreted into the bile where its levels were approximately ten-fold higher than those in the serum. The exsorption rate of disopyramide and mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide (MND) into the perfusate was increased with an increase in the serum level following an increase from 10 to 30 mg kg-1 in the dose of disopyramide. The average amounts of disopyramide exsorbed into the perfusate were 17.0 and 18.4% at the dose of 10 and 30 mg kg-1, respectively, whereas those of MND were less than 1% at both doses of disopyramide. Oral administration of activated charcoal reduced the serum disopyramide levels after intravenous administration of the drug (20 mg kg-1) compared with the control treatment. By oral administration of activated charcoal, t 1/2 and AUC were decreased to 89 and 82%, respectively, and Cltot was increased to 122% compared with the corresponding control treatment. Vd was not different between the treated rats and control rats. These results suggest that the oral administration of activated charcoal can enhance the clearance of disopyramide and MND from the blood.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiological observation of coxsackieviruses group B in sewage.

Different types of coxsackieviruses group B were isolated from the sewage consecutively annually from January 1982 to March 1987: type 3 in 1982, type 4 in 1983, type 2, 4 and 5 in 1984, type 3 in 1985, and type 4 in 1986 were found. These viruses caused large epidemics among children aged 1 to 4 and proximities. Herald waves for the epidemics were observed six times during this period, and the viruses were detected in a brief period of isolation. With respect to the periodicity of these viruses, the cycles for types 3 and 4 were 2 to 3 years, and longer cycles seemed to be exhibited by types 1, 2, and 5. The onset and termination of the epidemics will only be grasped by surveys throughout the year. HEp-2 cells exhibited the best sensitivity to the viruses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Development of a solid medium for growth and isolation of axenic microcystis strains (cyanobacteria).

Solid media on a base of B-12 or CB medium with agarose or agarose of low melting temperature were developed for the cultivation of Microcystis species. The media with 0.4% gel showed the highest number of CFU, and increasing the gel concentration resulted in a reduction of the number of CFU. There was no difference in the numbers of CFU between pour and spread plates made of the solid media. By using the solid media, 31 clones of Microcystis species were isolated from natural blooms in Lake Kasumigaura, and 5 axenic strains (1 of M. wesenbergii and 4 of M. aeruginosa) were established from the clones.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Toxicity of Microcystis species isolated from natural blooms and purification of the toxin.

Microcystis strains (2 toxic and 18 nontoxic to mice) were isolated from toxic waterblooms that had been collected from Lake Kasumigaura, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, in August 1985. Thirteen of the strains (2 toxic and 11 nontoxic) were Microcystis aeruginosa, 2 (nontoxic) were Microcystis wesenbergii, and the other 5 were difficult to identify. Six (1 toxic and 4 nontoxic M. aeruginosa and 1 M. wesenbergii) of these 20 strains were established as axenic cultures. A toxic and axenic strain of M. aeruginosa, K-139, was used to study the relationship between growth conditions and toxicity. Cells in early-to-mid-log phase showed the highest toxicity (50% lethal dose, 7.5 mg of cells per kg of mouse), and maximum toxicity was not affected by growth temperatures between 22 and 30 degrees C. Purification and characterization of the toxins from K-139 cells were also conducted, and at least two toxins were detected. One of the toxins (molecular mass, 980 daltons) has not been reported previously. The main target of the toxin in mice was the liver. Marked congestion and necrosis in the parenchymal cells around the central veins of the liver were observed microscopically in specimens that had been prepared from the mice with acute toxicity after injection with the toxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Primary atypical mycobacteriosis of the intestine: a report of three cases.

Primary atypical mycobacteriosis of the lung is comparatively common but primary atypical mycobacteriosis of the intestine had not been described previously in the English literature. We have treated three such patients with antituberculous drugs and the clinicopathological findings and course are described. We suggest that these findings may belong to a new clinical entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effects of exogenous rat growth hormone therapy on growth of uremic rats fed an 8% protein diet.

Although the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of chronic renal insufficiency on growth are poorly understood, large doses of growth hormone (GH) have been used to improve growth. The present study examines the effects of rat GH and a reduced (8%) protein diet on 75% nephrectomized weanling rats by measuring changes in growth parameters, food utilization, serum albumin concentration, and muscle water content. Significantly greater improvement in growth was found in the GH-treated uremic rats compared with the uremic controls. The mean percent change in wt, length (nose to tail tip), and cranial biparietal diameter was significantly increased in the GH-treated uremic rats, compared with the uremic controls, but foot length and femur length showed only moderate improvement. Food utilization efficiency and serum albumin concentration were significantly higher in GH-treated uremic rats compared with uremic controls, achieving levels that were not different from sham-operated rats. Muscle water content was not significantly different between GH-treated uremic rats, uremic controls, and sham-operated rats. Thus, rat GH treatment administered at an early age in mild renal insufficiency significantly improved overall growth, food efficiency, and serum albumin concentrations, despite a low protein diet, suggesting that further evaluation of this form of therapy for growth failure of uremia is warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Promotion of nasal absorption of insulin by glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives. I.

Nasal absorption of insulin in rats was enhanced by addition of sodium glycyrrhetinate (GA Na), dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (GZ K2), and carbenoxolone (glycyrrhetinic acid hydrogen succinate) disodium salt (GAHS Na2). The latter agent was the most effective. On addition of 1% GAHS Na2, plasma immunoreactive insulin levels in rats showed a maximum level of 0.75 mU/ml at 15 min and plasma glucose levels were decreased to about 25 mg/dl after nasal administration of 10 U/kg insulin. In a comparison of the absorption rates of insulin by nasal and intravenous (i.v.) routes in rats, nasal absorptions of 10 U/kg insulin in the presence of 1% GAHS Na2, 0.5% GA Na and 1% GZ K2 were 26.5%, 13.2% and 14.5% of that in the case of a 5 U/kg i.v. dose, respectively. Hemolytic activies of GAHS Na2, GA Na and GZ K2 were milder than those of Na caprate and Na laurate, and nasal leucine aminopeptidase activity was more strongly inhibited by GAHS Na2 than by medium chain fatty acid salts, sodium glycocholate, GA Na or GZ K2. Therefore, it is suggested that GAHS Na2 is a very useful promoter which dose not irritate the nasal mucosal membrane or degrade insulin.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Hydrolysis of 3',5'-dioctanoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd-C8) in rabbit and human plasma and its release from oily solution.

Hydrolysis of 3',5'-dioctanoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd-C8), a lipophilic prodrug of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), 3'-octanoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine(3'-octanoyl FdUrd) and 5'-octanoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5'-octanoyl FdUrd) in the rabbit and human plasma and release of FdUrd-C8 and its hydrolyzed species from Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid (Lipiodol), an oily lymphographic agent, containing FdUrd-C8 were examined. The rates of hydrolysis of FdUrd-C8, 3'-octanoyl FdUrd and 5'-octanoyl FdUrd in the rabbit plasma were fast and almost the same among the three compounds; half lives were 2.4, 3.6 and 3.9 min for 5'-octanoyl FdUrd, FdUrd-C8 and 3'-octanoyl FdUrd, respectively. In the human plasma, however, the rates of hydrolysis were much different among the three compounds and were slower than those in the rabbit plasma; half lives were 11.5, 130 and 1020 min for 5'-octanoyl FdUrd, FdUrd-C8 and 3'-octanoyl FdUrd, respectively. Ratios of the rate constant of 5'-octanoyl FdUrd to that of 3'-octanoyl FdUrd were 1.6 and 85.7 in the rabbit plasma and in the human plasma, respectively. In a release study, although detected species in a release medium were different between the rabbit plasma and the human plasma and the amount of each species reflected the characteristics of esterase in each plasma, the total amounts of compounds released were almost the same both in the rabbit plasma and the human plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Enzymatic and chemical stability of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydropyrimidine nucleosides: potential anti-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome agents.

The enzymatic and chemical stability of three 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydropyrimidine nucleosides has been studied. Chemical degradtion of the analogues was measured in the pH range of 1.0-9.0. 2',3'-Dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine (DDCN) degraded rapidly under acidic conditions, but the chemical stability was greater under basic conditions. The chemical degradation of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrouridine (DDUN) and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine (DDTN) was not pH dependent and was faster than that of cytarabine. Enzymatic degradation of DDCN, DDUN and DDTN was not observed in human plasma, though cytarabine was degraded enzymatically under the same conditions. DDCN was also not degraded in the presence of mouse kidney cytidine deaminase.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Studies on 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydropyrimidine nucleosides. II. N4-benzoyl-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine as a prodrug of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine (DDCN).

N4-Benzoyl-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine (Bz-DDCN) was synthesized as a novel prodrug of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine (DDCN), which is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor and is considered to be a potential anti-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome agent. Chemical and enzymatic regeneration of DDCN from the prodrug has been investigated in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Bz-DDCN regenerated DDCN under basic conditions (greater than pH 8), while cleavage of the N-glycosidic linkage and production of N4-benzoylcytosine were observed under acidic conditions (less than pH 6). DDCN was enzymatically regenerated from the prodrug in the presence of several enzyme preparations, including human plasma. DDCN and Bz-DDCN were intravenously administered to mice and the plasma concentrations of DDCN and the prodrug were measured. Though DDCN levels following direct DDCN administration decreased exponentially with a half-life of 14.5 min, the plasma levels of DDCN following the prodrug administration were sustained above 2 microM for over 3 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Increased transport of theophylline into gastrointestinal lumen and gastrointestinal dialysis by activated charcoal in rats with hepatic cirrhosis.

The characteristics of exsorption and/or excretion of theophylline into the small intestinal lumen in rats with hepatic cirrhosis (HC rats) induced by carbon tetrachloride were investigated by an in situ single-pass perfusion technique. The serum concentrations of theophylline after i.v. administration of aminophylline (10 mg/kg) in the HC rats were significantly higher than those in normal rats during the experimental period. Moreover, the exsorption of theophylline from blood into the intestinal lumen was significantly increased in the HC rats compared with the normal rats. Treatments with oral activated charcoal reduced the serum theophylline levels in the HC rats. Consequently, gastrointestinal dialysis by oral administration of activated charcoal may be a useful method to remove poisonous drugs from the blood in patients with hepatic failure (including cirrhosis), which decreases the systemic clearance.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Development of a simple analytical method to determine the serum concentration of denopamine by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and its clinical application].

Denopamine (DP) is a new, orally active, selectively positive inotropic agent and used for the treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency. The therapeutic effects of DP is highly related to its serum concentrations. A simple analytical method has been developed to determine the serum concentration of DP by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD). In order to extract the DP from the serum, a disposable solid extraction column (Sep-Pak cartridge, C-18) was used. The average recovery was 84.6 +/- 2.7%. The working electrode potential was fixed at 400 mV with a T1 cell, 600 mV with a T2 cell and 650 mV with a Guard cell in ECD. The analysis was performed on a Nova-Pak cartridge C-18 reverse-phase column (100 mm X 8 mm i.d., 4 microns). The mobile phase consisted of 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) and acetonitrile (83: 17, v/v), and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. DP and internal standard phenolphthalein (PP) were eluted at 16.5 and 36.0 min, respectively. The peak-height ratio of DP to PP was linearly correlated (r = 0.9998) over a concentrations range between 1.25 and 15.0 ng/ml in the serum. The lowest detectable concentration was 1.0 ng/ml in the serum. The coefficient of variation of reproducibility in the assay was 6.0% By using the present method, serum concentration of DP was measured for four healthy volunteers after a single oral administration of 10 mg DP tablet after a overnight fast. From these DP concentration profiles, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Dental appliances for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a syndrome in which the airflow created from breathing ceases through the upper airway although diaphragm movement continues. Resulting complications include severe daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, loud snoring, and disturbed nighttime sleep. Patients affected with OSA are frequently hypertensive and can have dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. The diagnosis of OSA requires an all-night polysomnographic recording; neither snoring nor other subjective complaints constitute adequate criteria for treatment. The treatment objective for OSA is to maintain airway patency. A potential treatment discussed here is temporary advancement of the mandible or tongue during sleep with the use of dental appliances.

Equipment Design↗