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Biomedical subjects

M Murai

Publications and source records attributed to M Murai.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cisplatinum combination chemotherapy for advanced urothelial and prostatic carcinoma].

Between 1980 and 1985, 17 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma and 13 with metastatic prostatic carcinoma refractory to hormonal therapy were treated with a combination chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide (CPM), adriamycin (ADM) and cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) to evaluate its antitumor effect and toxicity. ADM (1 mg/kg) on day 1, CPM (2 mg/kg) on days 2 through 5 and CDDP (1.5 mg/kg) on days 6 and 7 were administered every 3 weeks. Of the 17 patients with urothelial carcinoma, 13 were eligible for evaluation. One patient achieved CR with a disease-free interval lasting for 29 months, one showed PR (duration of response 2 months), 4 NC and 7 PD, with an overall response rate of 15% (2/13). Of the 13 patients with prostatic carcinoma, 11 could be evaluated. No patients achieved CR, one had PR (duration of response 5 months), 2 NC and 8 PD, with an overall response rate of 9% (1/11). No statistically significant difference in survival was noted between responders (CR + PR) and non-responders (NC + PD) to the combination chemotherapy, irrespective of whether they had metastatic urothelial or prostatic carcinoma. Myelosuppression was frequently noted, with sepsis occurring in one patient. No mortality attributable directly to this regimen was noted.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Intrapericardial pheochromocytoma: a case report and review of the literature].

A patient with intrapericardial pheochromocytoma is presented and the literature on this subject is reviewed. The patient was a 45-year-old housewife who was first referred to Keio University hospital in February 1981 for a 6-year-history of headaches, palpitations and excessive sweating. An episode of hypertensive crisis was observed during surgery for myoma uteri 3 months before her admission. On physical examination, the patient was a normal-appearing, pleasant woman. Supine blood pressure was 130/80 mmHg and standing blood pressure was 124/72 mmHg. Results of routine laboratory studies (including fasting serum glucose and calcium determinations and thyroid function tests) were normal. A 24-hour-urine collection showed VMA level of 10.5 mg and noradrenaline of 809 micrograms. Also repeated measurements of plasma noradrenaline on supine position revealed averages of 2.45 ng/ml. These high levels of catecholamines, clinical manifestations, and provocative tests including a metoclopramide test were strongly suggestive of pheochromocytoma, and further studies for determination of the localization were performed. Results of computed tomography (CT), adrenal scintigraphy using 131I-adosterol and selective venous sampling for catecholamines were equivocal. Then she was followed in an outpatient clinic and treated with alpha- and beta-blocker. In October 1985, she was readmitted to our hospital because of paroxysms which had gradually increased in frequency and severity. Extensive venous sampling in order to determine the localization of the tumor was performed after demonstration of an increased uptake area in the anterior thorax in 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Further, an anterior mediastinal mass was identified in the CT scan of the chest with contrast material. Finally, a thoracic angiogram revealed that the tumor was highly vascular and was fed by the branch of the left internal mammary artery. In January 1986, the patient underwent middle sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass. A 4.5 by 3.5 by 3.0 cm soft, dark brown tumor was found on the anterior surface of the heart and excised without difficulty. The tumor seemed to arise from the root of the aorta and main pulmonary artery, and extended inferiorly over the anterior surface of the right ventricle. It was also fed by branches of the right coronary artery. Histologically, the resected tumor was compatible with pheochromocytoma. The tumor content of noradrenaline was 3.34 mg/g wet tissue; however, adrenaline and dopamine were not detected. The postoperative course was uneventful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1985

Numerous mast cells in an 11-deoxycorticosterone-producing adrenocortical tumor. Histologic evaluation of benignancy and comparison with mast cell distribution in adrenal glands and neoplastic counterparts of 67 surgical specimens.

Pathologic study of a rare 11-deoxycorticosterone-producing adrenocortical tumor causing primary aldosteronismlike signs and symptoms, revealed several characteristic features as follows: (1) fairly large size with histologic features corresponding to those of benign zone glomerulosa-type aldosteronoma, (2) lack of spironolactone (S) bodies despite S administration, and (3) heavy mast cell infiltration. In order to explain this rare histology, the localization of mast cells in the adrenal glands and functioning adrenocortical tumors of 67 surgical specimens were investigated. The results of the study supported the view that detection of mast cells helps in the differentiation of mineralocorticoid-producing tumors from cortisol-producing ones, and that the observed mast cell infiltration was due, in part, to its production of 11-deoxycorticosterone.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Human lymphoblastoid interferon therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Antitumor activity of human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) in advanced renal cell carcinoma was studied. Intramuscular injection at a dose of 3 X 10(6) IU was given daily to 18 patients, including 14 patients who had undergone nephrectomy and 4 patients who had not undergone the procedure. One patient (5.6%) showed complete remission; 2 patients (11.1%) minor remission, 8 patients (44.4%) stable disease, and 7 patients (38.9%) progression. Three responders were the patients who had had nephrectomy, and whose metastatic sites were lung. Tumor responses were observed in patients with renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type or mixed type of clear cells and granular cells. We concluded that interferon has a potential antitumor activity in selected patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Renal devitalization with ethanol injection in management of patients with advanced hypernephroma.

Transcatheter injection of ethanol into the renal artery was utilized in 11 patients with hypernephromas, clincally staged C or D, in an attempt to produce renal devitalization. Complete disappearance of the tumor neovascularity was achieved in 9 of 11 patients. Renal divitalization with ethanol injection is safer and more effective than the embolizing technique utilized hitherto and should be included in the primary treatment of hypernephroma in selected cases or in conjunction with other procedures to induce chemical nephrectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of recurrent gliomas].

In operation for gliomas, it is our principle to remove extensively by sucker dissection technique. But, in many cases, we cannot achieve total removal because of invasion of tumor cells into the deep or vital structure. Postoperatively we apply irradiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in every cases. Even after multimodality treatment, recurrence may be inevitable. In order to check the recurrence as early as possible, we took follow-up CT scan regularly. When the recurrence appeared on CT scan, we actively performed reoperation. In this paper, we present characteristics of follow-up CT scan and result of the reoperation. Since introduction of CT scan in 1977, we have followed 30 supratentorial malignant gliomas and 16 supratentorial low grade gliomas postoperatively. CT scan was taken in every three months to check the course of contrast enhancement. After removal of the tumor, round low density area appeared on CT scan showing residual cavity. By contrast enhancement, various shape of high density area were seen. We divide the postoperative CT scan in 4 types by mode of contrast enhancement. In the type 1, enhanced area was persistent around the low density area. In the type 2, enhanced area was present around the low density area just after operation, but gradually disappeared. In the type 3, no enhanced area was present. In the type 4, dissemination occurring late after operation. Among the malignant gliomas, 12 cases belonged to the type 1, 6 cases to the type 2, 10 cases to the type 3, and 2 cases to the type 4. Among the low grade gliomas, 3 cases belonged to the type 1, 2 cases to the type 2, and 9 cases to the type 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗