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Biomedical subjects

M Murai

Publications and source records attributed to M Murai.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Tocopherol reference standard (Control 911) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

The raw material for tocopherol was tested for preparation of the "Tocopherol Reference Standard (Control 911)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: infrared spectrum, same as Tocopherol Reference Standard (Control 881); absorptivity, E1%1cm (292nm) = 75.5; thin-layer chromatography, no impurities were detected up to 50.0 micrograms; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), four impurities were detected; assay, 100.7% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 911).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1992

[Prednisolone reference standard (Control 911) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

Prednisolone was tested for preparation of the "Prednisolone Reference Standard (Control 911)". The quality of raw material was examined and compared with the previous Reference Standard (Control 872). Analytical data obtained were as follows: loss on drying, 0.10%; melting point, 233.2 degrees C (decomposition); optical rotation, [alpha]20D+98.77 degrees; UV spectrum, lambda max = 243nm; absorptivity, E1%1cm (243nm) = 413.5; IR spectrum, 1711, 1612, 1110, 888cm-1; one impurity was detected by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively; assay, 100.1% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 911).

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1992

[d-Camphor reference standard (Control 911) and dl-Camphor Reference Standard (Control 911) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

The raw materials of d-camphor and dl-camphor were examined for preparation of the "d-Camphor Reference Standard" and "dl-Camphor Reference Standard". Analytical data obtained were as follows: ultraviolet spectrum, lambda max = 290nm; infrared spectrum, 2958, 1742, 1045cm-1; optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +42.7 degrees (d-camphor), [alpha]D20 = -0.3 degrees (dl-camphor); melting point, 180 degrees C (d-camphor), 179 degrees C (dl-camphor); gas-chromatography (GC), one impurity was detected in d-camphor and three impurities in dl-camphor; assay, 99.5% (d-camphor), 99.5% (dl-camphor) by GC. Based on the above results, these raw materials were authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 911).

Camphor↗
PubMed1992

[Tocopherol acetate reference standard (Control 911) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

The raw material for tocopherol acetate was tested for preparation of the "Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 911)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: infrared spectrum, same as Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 881); absorptivity, E1cm1% (284nm) = 43.5; thin-layer chromatography, no impurities were detected up to 50.0 micrograms; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), two impurities were detected; assay, 100.3% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 911).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1992

FK 224, a novel cyclopeptide substance P antagonist with NK1 and NK2 receptor selectivity.

We have discovered a novel cyclopeptide substance P (SP) antagonist, FK 224 (N-[N2-[N-[N-[N-[2,3-didehydro-N-methyl-N-[N-[3-(2-pentylphenyl )- propionyl]-L-threonyl]tyrosyl-L-leucynyl]-D-phenylalanyl]-L-allo- threonyl]-L-asparaginyl]-L-serine-nu-lactone), which inhibited [3H]SP binding to guinea pig lung membranes in a dose-dependent manner. According to Rosenthal analysis, the inhibitory effect of FK 224 on [3H]SP binding appears to be competitive. In order to clarify the receptor subtype selectivity of FK 224, we have studied the interaction of FK 224 with three tachykinin receptors (NK1, NK2 and NK3) by using receptor binding techniques and in vitro bioassays, and have also compared FK 224 with the novel nonpeptide antagonist, (+/-)-CP-96,345. In binding experiments, FK 224 dose-dependently inhibited [3H]SP binding to rat cerebral cortical membranes (NK1) and [3H]neurokinin (NK) A (NKA) binding to rat duodenum smooth muscle membranes (NK2), but did not affect [3H]eledoisin binding to rat cerebral cortical membranes (NK3). In bioassay experiments, FK 224 inhibited SP-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum (NK1) and NKA-induced contraction of rat vas deferens (NK2) in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect NKB-induced contraction of rat portal vein (NK3). In contrast, (+/-)-CP-96,345 inhibited SP-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum, but not NKA-induced contraction of rat vas deferens or NKB-induced contraction of rat portal vein. In the presence of FK 224, SP dose-response curves and NKA dose-response curves were shifted to the right in parallel with no depression of the maximal contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of FK224, a novel compound NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonist, on airway constriction and airway edema induced by neurokinins and sensory nerve stimulation in guinea pigs.

FK224 (N-[N2-[N-[N-[N-[2,3-didehydro-N-methyl-N-[N-[3-(2- penthylphenyl)-propionyl]-L-threonyl]tyrosyl]-L-leucynyl]-D- phenylalanyl]-L-allo-threonyl]-L-asparaginyl]-L-serine-nu-lactone) is a novel neurokinin (NK) antagonist that exhibits selectivity for NK1 and NK2 receptors. The effects of FK224 on airway constriction and airway edema induced by NKs and nerve stimulation have been investigated in guinea pigs. FK224 inhibited the contraction of isolated guinea pig trachea induced by substance P (SP, 10(-8) M), NKA (10(-9) M) and NKB (10(-8) M) in a concentration-dependent manner, and the IC50 values were 2.6 x 10(-6), 1.3 x 10(-6) and 2.3 x 10(-7) M, respectively. Tracheal contraction induced by histamine and acetylcholine was not affected by FK224, suggesting a specific effect on NK-mediated responses. FK224 also inhibited the atropine-resistant contraction of isolated guinea pig bronchi induced by electrical field stimulation with an IC50 value of 3.5 x 10(-6) M. In in vivo experiments, FK224 given i.v. inhibited SP (13.5 micrograms kg-1)-, NKA (1.1 micrograms kg-1)- and capsaicin (3.1 micrograms kg-1)-induced airway constriction in guinea pigs with ED50 values of 0.39 mg kg-1, 0.36 mg kg-1 and 1.1 mg kg-1, respectively. FK224 also inhibited SP (1.3 micrograms kg-1)-, NKA (11 micrograms kg-1)- and capsaicin (100 micrograms kg-1)-induced airway edema with ED50 values of 0.14 mg kg-1, 0.29 mg kg-1 and 0.30 mg kg-1, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of actinomycin D on airway constriction induced by tachykinins and capsaicin in guinea-pigs.

The effects of actinomycin D on airway constriction induced by tachykinins was studied in guinea-pigs in vitro and in vivo. Actinomycin D significantly inhibited the constriction of isolated guinea-pig trachea induced by neurokinin A (NKA) and eledoisin. Conversely, substance P (SP)- and physalaemine-induced constrictions were not affected by actinomycin D. The same selectivity in the inhibitory action of actinomycin D against tachykinins was also observed in in vivo. Actinomycin D given i.v. specifically inhibited the increase in airway resistance induced by NKA. I.v. injection of NKA caused not only airway constriction but also transient systemic hypotension. Interestingly, actinomycin D injected i.v. inhibited only airway constriction and the systemic hypotension induced by NKA was not affected. These results clearly suggest that actinomycin D specifically inhibits NKA-induced airway constriction in guinea-pigs. Actinomycin D also had an inhibitory action on the airway constriction induced by capsaicin. In the case of capsaicin-induced constriction, actinomycin D was more effective on the later phase of constriction than on the acute phase. The airway constriction induced by capsaicin is thought to be mediated by the release of SP and NKA from sensory nerve endings, and the persistent increase in airway resistance induced by capsaicin is thought to be due mainly to NKA.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1991

Second relapse of acute promyelocytic leukemia (ANLL-M3) with t(15;17) and t(1;3)(p36;q21).

We describe herein a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-(ANLL-M3) whose bone marrow cells in the second relapse showed t(1;3)(p36;q21) together with t(15;17) (q22;q11-q12). Although a total of 21 patients with t(1;3) have been reported so far, among which three cases with de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were included, our patient is the first case with APL. The hematologic findings in our case confirmed the previous observations that this anomaly is associated with relatively high platelet count and the multi-myeloid lineage involvement of leukemic cells. Our patient responded well to chemotherapy and achieved first and second remission with 42 months of total survival, contrary to our expectation that patients with this anomaly have a poor prognosis.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1↗
PubMed1991

Adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent bilateral adrenocortical macronodular hyperplasia as a distinct subtype of Cushing's syndrome. Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural study of four cases with a review of the literature.

Four patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent bilateral adrenocortical macronodular hyperplasia (AIMAH) were examined. All of them were men whose ages ranged from 37 to 52 years. Plasma cortisol levels were high, with a loss of diurnal rhythmicity, and plasma ACTH was undetectable. Adrenal cortisol secretion was not suppressed by dexamethasone, but it was ACTH responsive. Test results for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) also were negative. Image analyses revealed a normal sella turcica and significantly enlarged adrenal glands, which showed enhanced uptake of isotope. Both adrenal glands in all cases were between 72 and 176 g in combined weight and were composed of, and distorted by, yellow nodules. Histologically, small cortical cells with or without lipid, occasional clear cells, and rare compact cells of the usual size were increased in number in the glandular cords. Enzyme histochemically, cortical cells showed weaker activity for 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes than did usual cortisol-producing adenomas. Ultrastructurally, they had moderately to poorly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Nonnodular areas of the cortex consisting of nonproliferating cells were atrophic and contained no compact cell zone. This is similar to the adrenal cortices attached to cortisol-producing adenomas. These features are unique to AIMAH and suggest the presence of a distinct subtype of Cushing's syndrome.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1991

The adhesion of protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus organisms to soluble-staphylococcal-antigens-coated HeLa cells mediated by specific antibodies.

The adhesion of staphylococcal protein A (SpA)-bearing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I organisms to HeLa cells was enhanced by pretreatment of HeLa cells with staphylococcal extracellular antigens and antibodies to them. The adhesion of HLj, an SpA-poor mutant derived from Cowan I, to HeLa cells was not enhanced by the same pretreatment of HeLa cells. Furthermore, the enhanced staphylococcal adhesion was inhibited by soluble SpA. The antigen(s) responsible for the enhanced staphylococcal adhesion was(were) heat stable. Pretreatment of HeLa cells with the mixture of staphylococcal extracellular antigens and antibodies to them also enhanced the adhesion of Cowan I. Similarly the adhesion of Cowan I was enhanced by pretreatment of HeLa cells with extracellular antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibodies to them. These results indicated that cell-bound SpA mediated the binding of S. aureus to immune complexes composed of extracellular bacterial products and antibodies to them bound to the surface of HeLa cells, and suggested another role of cell-bound SpA as a co-adhesin with other factors in infections due to S. aureus.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

[The prevention method of inadvertent irradiation during laser stone fragmentation by the fiber-optic radiometry analysis].

To minimize urothelial tissue injuries by inadvertent laser irradiation during the laser stone fragmentation, we developed a novel fiber-optic analysis system which is able to distinguish the urothelial tissues from urinary stones. The reflection mode of the pulsed photo-thermal radiometry (PPTR) was employed for non-destructive tissue characterization. We developed the first fiber-optic PPTR system using chalcogenide infrared glass fibers as a transmission line. As excitation light sources for the samples, three different lasers were used in vitro and compared to select the proper excitation laser which is able to distinguish wet urinary stones from urothelial tissues. The e-folding decay time of the PPTR waveform, by which the samples are characterized, was measured as an index. The ultraviolet argon (UV Ar) laser had the best discriminative faculty. Using UV Ar laser, the e-folding decay time of calcium oxalate stones, uric acid stones and the ureter, was 239 +/- 57 ms, 33 +/- 4 ms, and 102 +/- 24 ms (p less than 0.001), respectively. The new analysis system which was composed of the fiber-optic PPTR analyzer using UV Ar laser excitation together with a thin-fiber endoscope was applied to measure the e-folding decay time of PPTR waveform of urinary stones and canine ureters in vivo general anesthesia. The e-folding decay time of calcium oxalate stones, uric acid stones and the ureter was 153 +/- 15 ms, 26 +/- 3 ms and 246 +/- 31 ms, respectively. The canine ureter was clearly differentiable from urinary stones by the measurement of the e-folding decay time of PPTR waveform.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 901) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

Cholecalciferol Reference Standard for the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP RS) was prepared. The following analytical data were obtained: melting point 85.8 degrees C; UV and IR spectra were in agreement with both of the previous JP RS and USP RS of Cholecalciferol; absorptivity at 265 nm E1%lcm = 476; optical rotation [alpha]20D = + 110.1 degrees; no impurities were detected by TLC and HPLC analyses; assay 100.1% by HPLC against the USP RS. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Reference Standard of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences.

Cholecalciferol↗
PubMed1991

[Ergocalciferol Reference Standard (Control 901) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

Ergocalciferol Reference Standard for the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP RS) was prepared. The following analytical data were obtained: melting point 118.4 degrees C; UV and IR spectra were in agreement with both of the previous JP RS and USP RS of ergocalciferol; absorptivity at 265nm E1%lcm = 467; optical rotation [alpha]20D = 103 degrees; no impurities were detected by TLC and HPLC analyses; assay 100.1% by HPLC against the USP RS. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Reference Standard of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗