Alveolar soft part sarcoma. Is there a definite diagnostic criterion for this entity?
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
M Mukai
Publications and source records attributed to M Mukai.
A survey of tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric inpatients in Japan.
To investigate the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in a group of psychiatric patients receiving low doses of antipsychotic drugs, we examined 647 Japanese inpatients (361 men and 286 women) with a mean age of 49.8 years, receiving a mean dose of antipsychotic drugs of 276.8 mg of chlorpromazine equivalent. TD was diagnosed according to the criteria of Schooler and Kane with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. The overall prevalence of TD was 22.3%. Mild TD was found in 67.4% of TD patients, moderate TD in 29.2%, and severe TD in 3.5%. The TD patients were older (59.0 years) than those without this condition (47.2 years). The prevalence of TD increased with advancing age until the 7th decade, when it reached a plateau. The dose of daily antipsychotic drugs was lower in the TD patients (207.6 mg) than in the patients without TD (296.6 mg). The duration of primary illness was longer in the TD patients (28.9 years) than in the patients without TD (20.4 years). Patients receiving antiparkinsonism drugs showed TD less frequently (20.7%) than those not receiving such drugs (31.0%). No significant associations were found between the presence of TD and sex or primary illness.
Adolescent↗
Cytoskeletal protein abnormalities in patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy--an immunocytochemical and Gallyas silver impregnation study.
A highly sensitive silver technique for glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI) in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) was applied to tissues from 15 patients with neurodegenerative disorders including OPCA, Joseph disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's chorea, Pick disease and three control non-neurological subjects. Brain tissue from both OPCA and AD impregnated positively. Neurons, astroglia and oligodendroglia in the putamen, pontine nucleus and inferior olivary nucleus all impregnated in addition to white matter oligodendroglia. Neuronal inclusions in the pontine nucleus appeared as compact or fibrillary masses, and GCI-bearing oligodendroglia and astrocytes showed homogeneously impregnated somata. The myelinated pontocerebellar tract and the white matter surrounding the inferior olivary nucleus contained a small number of impregnated nerve fibres with a hollow structure, which resembled the myelin sheath. Immunocytochemical studies to clarify these argyrophilic structures in the OPCA subjects employed paired helical filament (PHF), microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), MAP1, MAP2, MAP5, tau, ubiquitin, neurofilament (200 or 70 kilodaltons) and myelin basic protein (MBP) antisera. GCI-bearing white matter oligodendroglia expressed PHF, tau, MAP5 and ubiquitin immunoreactives and non-argyrophilic astroglia were positive for MAP5 antiserum alone. In the putamen, pontine nuclei and inferior olivary nuclei, impregnated neurons as well as the GCI-bearing oligodendroglia immunostained with PHF, tau, MAP5 and ubiquitin antisera and impregnated astroglia were also immunoreactive to these antisera except for being tau negative in the putamen. Silver impregnated nerve fibres showed only MBP immunoreactivity. These findings indicate that the argyrophilia in the OPCA subjects closely correlates with PHF and tau immunoreactivities.
Aged↗
Calcium-dependent inactivation of inwardly rectifying K+ channel in a tumor mast cell line.
Antigenic stimulation of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, a tumor mast cell line, is associated with an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and membrane polarization. We recorded whole cell and single-channel currents through the inwardly rectifying K+ channel, a major resting conductance of cells, using the patch-clamp technique, and we examined interactions between channel activity and [Ca2+]i. With 10 microM Ca2+ in the pipette, the amplitude of whole cell currents gradually declined within 5 min to 48 +/- 13% of that immediately after rupture of the patch membrane, in the presence of 1 mM ATP which minimized intrinsic rundown. In inside-out patches, activity of the channel was reduced by increasing the concentration of Ca2+ in the internal medium, both in the presence and absence of 1 mM ATP, with no apparent change in single-channel conductance. Time-averaged mean current activity in inside-out patches in the presence of 5 microM Ca2+ was less than 50% of that with Ca2+ of 100 nM or less. These results suggest that a rise in [Ca2+]i leads to a closure of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel. In some inside-out patches, inward currents characterized by burst composed of rapid transitions between open and closed states were observed (flickering currents). Single-channel properties of the flickering currents are similar to the inwardly rectifying K+ channel except for kinetics (single-channel conductance of 24.5 +/- 7.9 pS, inward rectification, and permeability to K+).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Clinical significance of the calcification of coronary arteries in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries.
In order to clarify the clinical significance of coronary calcification in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, exercise electrocardiography was used and left ventricular function was examined noninvasively and invasively. The patient groups were as follows: (1) patients with coronary artery calcification on only the left anterior descending artery but no narrowing lesion on any other arteries (calcified group), (2) patients with a significant stenosis on only the left anterior descending artery (stenotic group), and (3) the control group. The left ventricular function in the calcified group, as indicated by systolic time intervals and invasive parameters such as ejection fraction and mean systolic ejection rate, showed a depression similar to that in the stenotic group, compared with the control group. The incidence of electrocardiographically ischemic responses to exercise testing was significantly higher in the calcified group (75%, p less than 0.01) and the stenotic group (68%, p less than 0.01) than in the control group (25%). Exercise tolerance time and the maximum double product were markedly smaller in the calcified and the stenotic groups as compared with the control group. These results indicate that the left ventricular function and coronary reserve in the calcified group were reduced and almost identical with those in the stenotic group. The authors conclude that a calcified coronary artery, even if patent, cannot supply an adequate blood flow for the myocardium, resulting in impaired left ventricular function.
Angina Pectoris↗
Mitral stenosis in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
A 54-year-old woman with pseudoxanthoma elasticum presented with tight mitral stenosis with thickened and restricted mitral valve leaflets. She initially revealed systemic hypertension and moderate mitral regurgitation due to mitral valve prolapse. One year after the start of treatment for hypertension, thickening of the mitral valve gradually progressed and she showed tight mitral stenosis without regurgitation. It was considered that another differential diagnosis must be added to the uncommon causes of mitral stenosis.
Biopsy↗
Primary malignant lymphoma of the trachea and subglottic region.
A 44-year-old female was admitted with the complaint of choking. On fiberbronchoscopic examination, multiple, polypoid lesions with a smooth surface were exhibited at the cervical trachea. Histological diagnosis was B-cell malignant lymphoma, diffuse, medium sized cell type (LSG classification). No other lesions were detected in the systemic evaluation. After combined chemotherapy and regional irradiation, the tumor disappeared. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this case are similar to those of malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
Adult↗
Two cases of adenolipoma of the breast.
Adenolipoma of the breast is a rare tumor. Two cases are described here and the literature is reviewed. Case 1 was a 52-year-old woman who had a 3-cm-long elastic hard tumor in the left breast. Case 2 was a 40-year-old woman who had a 3-cm-long elastic soft tumor in the left breast. In each case, mammography revealed well demarcated soft tissue density. Ultrasonography demonstrated well defined tumors composed of echogenic and sonolucent areas. These tumors were easily enucleated at surgery. Histologically, the tumors consisted of mammary ducts, fibrous stroma and adipose tissue, findings which are characteristic of mammary adenolipoma. An adenolipoma may still be misdiagnosed as a fibroadenoma or a fibrocystic disease. Characteristic findings of mammography and ultrasonography are emphasized.
Adenofibroma↗
[Left-sided gallbladder with accessory liver accompanied by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma].
A 66-year-old female of left-sided gallbladder with accessory liver was reported. These anomalies were recognized during an operation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The gallbladder was located with its liver bed at the lateral segment of the liver. The cystic duct branched from the right side of the common bile duct, and turned in hairpin form in the left direction. The cystic artery branched from the right hepatic artery. There was the accessory liver on the wall of the gallbladder. A careful identification of the cystic duct and the portal vein was advocated in surgery of the left-sided gallbladder.
Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
Interactions of lung cancer cells with the human mesothelial cell monolayer: an in vitro model for cancer invasion.
An in vitro monolayer model for cancer invasion was developed, comprising cultured layers of human pleura-derived mesothelial cells (PM cells). The cells were isolated from normal human pleura at autopsy and cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum; they were polygonal in shape, forming a pavement-like structure, and preserved the morphologic characteristics of mesothelial cells. When small cell lung cancer cells (OC-10 cells) were seeded on to the monolayer of PM cells, they attached themselves to the monolayer, invaded it and formed flattened cancer cell nests beneath it. By counting the number of cancer cells penetrated, the in vitro invasiveness (invasive capacity) of the cancer cells was assayed. The invasive capacity of poorly invasive cells (10N), which were cloned from OC-10 cells, was five times less than that of the parental OC-10 cells. These results indicate our system to provide a useful model for studying human cancer cell invasion.
Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
Crystalloids in angiomyolipoma. 1. A previously unnoticed phenomenon of renal angiomyolipoma occurring at a high frequency.
We present a description of unique crystalloids in renal angiomyolipoma that have not previously been reported. The crystalloids cannot be identified by hematoxylin-and-eosin staining. Detailed observation after diastase treatment followed by PAS staining revealed needle- and rod-like crystalloids, which were clearly seen even by light microscopy, in 11 of 17 patients. Their appearance was characterized by the following phenomena: (a) They appeared mainly in large epithelioid smooth-muscle cells; (b) they appeared at a relatively high frequency at sites where smooth-muscle cells showed diffuse proliferation and where a hemangiopericytic pattern was observed; (c) they were often detected easily even at a site with a sarcomatous appearance; and (d) PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules were often observed by light microscopy in the vicinity of crystalloids in all 17 patients. Electron-microscopic observation of one patient also revealed characteristic crystalloids. Prior to our study, only one patient had been reported to show crystalloids by electron microscopy, and the crystalloids were interpreted as renin. However, our study used Bowie's staining and immunohistochemistry to prove they were not renin. The nature of the crystalloids still needs to be elucidated. The fact that they closely resemble structures seen in alveolar soft part sarcoma provides one clue to their identification.
Adult↗
[A case of early mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from the left upper bronchus and presenting the flow-volume curve as a manner of extra-thoracic airway obstruction].
A 23-year-old female was admitted with dyspnea, dry cough, and rhonchi. No abnormalities were detected on chest roentgenogram. Fiber-bronchoscopy revealed a polypoid lesion with necrotic material occluding the left main bronchus. The pathological diagnosis of the biopsied material was low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Following tumor reduction by Nd-YAG laser, it was clear that the primary lesion originated from the left upper bronchus. Sleeve lobectomy was performed, and the tumor was proved to be early lung cancer of hilar type with extension limited to the bronchial wall.
Adult↗
[A case of bronchogenic cyst in the subdiaphragmatic region].
A surgical case of subdiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst is presented. A 44-year-old female was admitted because of a radiological abnormality of a mass lesion at the left diaphragm. Laboratory examinations did not reveal any significant abnormalities. Chest CT revealed the mass lesion with smooth margin, whose density was higher than that of water. Both MRI T1-weighted and T2-weighted images showed a relatively high intensity of the mass. On endoscopic ultrasonography, the lesion consisted of a thin wall with highly echoic contents, and its shape changed during respiratory movement. On the basis of the findings of these imaging modalities, the diagnosis was considered to be bronchogenic cyst. The mass was resected via laparotomy, and its histologic diagnosis was bronchogenic cyst containing turbid fluid. Subdiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst is reported rarely. The characteristic findings of CT, MRI and endoscopic ultrasonography enable the diagnosis of a cyst with turbid contents.
Adult↗
[Perfusion patterns of 99mTc-MAA injected into subcutaneously implanted port--evaluation with SPECT].
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in conjunction with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy, and Tc-MAA activity was measured quantitatively. Three patients with colorectal liver metastasis were examined. In the first patient, the ratio of radioactivity in the area of the tumor was 3 times that in the surrounding liver. In the second patient, the right hepatic artery was ligated and Tc-MAA was injected into the left hepatic artery. Radioactivity in the right lobe was as much as in the left lobe. In the third patient, the left hepatic artery was ligated and Tc-MAA was injected into the right hepatic artery. Radioactivity was higher in the left lobe than in the right lobe. Previous reports suggested that Tc-MAA distribution accurately reflects the drug distribution injected into a regional blood supply. SPECT is useful in quantitative evaluation of Tc-MAA distribution.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Pathology of ciliated metaplasia of the human stomach.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
[Cytoskeletal proteins abnormalities in olivopontocerebellar atrophy].
A highly sensitive silver technique for glial cytoplasmic inclusions in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) was applied to 15 subjects with neurodegenerative disorders including 4 patients with OPCA, 4 patients with Joseph disease and with 3 normal control subjects, and the argyrophilic structures in the OPCA cases were immunocytochemically examined. As a result, the argyrophilic structures were found in the OPCA cases and Alzheimer cases. The argyrophilic structures included the white matter oligodendroglia, and neurons, astroglia and oligodendroglia in the putamen, pontine nucleus and inferior olivary nucleus. The pontocerebellar tracts and the surrounding white matter of the inferior olivary nucleus contained a small number of argyrophilic nerve fibers with a hollow structure, which were interpreted as myelin. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the oligodendroglia in the white matter had immunoreactivities to an paired helical filament (PHF), microtubule associated protein 5 (MAP5), tau and ubiquitin antiserum, and the astroglia in the white matters had an immunoreactivity to a MAP5 antiserum. In the putamen, pontine nucleus and inferior olivary nucleus, in addition to the immunoreactivities observed in the oligodendroglia, the neurons were immunoreactive for PHF, MAP5, tau and ubiquitin antisera, and the astroglia had the same immunoreactivities as the neurons except for being tau negative in the putamen. The nerve fibers in the pontocerebellar tract and inferior olivary nucleus capsule were strongly positive for myelin basic protein and negative for PHF antiserum. These findings indicate that the Gallyas positive argyrophilia in the OPCA subjects is closely associated with PHF or tau.
Aged↗
[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developing pan-dysautonomia].
A 43-year-old woman who had been diagnosed as primary Sjögren's syndrome since 1986 developed severe constipation, urinary retention, dizziness at standing and polyarthralgia in February, 1990. Laboratory tests revealed proteinuria, hypocomplementemia and high titer of anti-DNA antibody. Diagnosis of SLE was made and she was admitted to our hospital on April 2, 1990. Physical examination on admission showed that she also had asymmetric pupils, impairment of sweating, orthostatic hypotension, neurogenic bladder, gastro-intestinal dysmotility and the diminution of R-R interval variability during deep breathing on the electrocardiogram. These findings suggested that she had pan-dysautonomia but there were no signs of motor and sensory disturbance. Because other diseases such as diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis which induced dysautonomia could be ruled out, her pan-dysautonomia seemed to be due to SLE. After the treatment with steroid pulse therapy, most of her dysautonomia improved rapidly. However, some of the disturbance had persisted for a long time. Pan-dysautonomia has been rarely reported as a complication of SLE, and high dose of steroid therapy at the early stage should be considered.
Adult↗
[Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with benign intracranial hypertension: a case report].
A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) is reported. A 41-year-old male with a history of SLE starting in 1982 was admitted to our hospital in December 1989 because of headache and vertigo. Laboratory examinations on admission showed proteinuria, mild anemia, and positive antinuclear and anti-Sm antibodies. No abnormal findings except high pressure of 350 mmH2O were observed in his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Fundoscopic examinations showed marked bilateral papilledema and retinal bleeding. Brain CT, MRI and angiography revealed diffuse brain edema without space occupying lesion and cerebrovascular diseases. Because there were no diseases such as endocrinological disorders, severe anemia, and no history of the administration of drugs which might cause intracranial hypertension, the diagnosis of BIH was made. Subsequently, he was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone therapy and osmotic diuretics and his clinical symptoms and pressure of CSF gradually improved. The decrease of CSF adsorption was observed with RI cisternography in our case. Psychosis, seizures and meningitis are common CNS manifestations in SLE patients. But BIH is very rare and its cause is unclear. Only 17 cases of SLE with BIH have been reported. The pathogenesis and treatment of BIH in SLE patients were discussed in this paper.
Adult↗