Biomedical subjects

M Mukai

Publications and source records attributed to M Mukai.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Anticardiolipin antibodies in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis.

We evaluated circulating anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) in 38 Japanese patients who fulfilled the criteria of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS), using a newly developed EIA system with aCL-cofactor. Two of 38 patients (5.3%) had a aCL-cofactor-dependent positive serology, and differences compared with findings in controls were statistically significant. The 2 aCL-positive patients had similar clinical features with acute transverse myelopathy (ATM), optic neuropathy (OPN), normal cranial MRI and negative oligoclonal IgG bands (OCBs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Among the 38 patients, 3 had ATM, OPN, normal cranial MRI and negative OCBs, hence, in a significant number of the patients (2/3; 67%) with these distinctive features, serology for aCL was positive. Therefore, they may have another condition associated with aCL, masquerading as MS. Serological testing for aCL with aCL-cofactor is recommended for the patients with clinical diagnosis of MS, especially for those showing OPN and ATM during the clinical course, and in Asian peoples where the incidence of ATM and OPN is relatively high among the patients with diagnosis of MS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Steroid-responsive renal insufficiency due to idiopathic granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis.

A 26-year-old male was admitted to our hospital having suffered from subfever, sterile pyuria and renal insufficiency for 1 year. There had been no apparent hematuria/proteinuria, and evidence of infection, allergy or intoxication was not demonstrated. Open renal biopsy revealed severe tubulointerstitial changes with granuloma accompanied by neither caseous necrosis nor giant cells. Infiltrating cells mostly consisted of CD4 and CD8 T cells, and some proximal tubular cells presented MHC class II antigen. Following the negative culture of biopsied specimen for acid-fast bacilli, diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis was made, and steroid therapy was started. Two months later, pyuria disappeared and renal function improved significantly, proving the effectiveness of steroid on idiopathic granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Rises in urinary bicarbonate contents and pH of adult Tokyo citizens.

Urinary bicarbonate has been considered to be negligible, and the pH of urine to be low (around pH 5.5) for these fifty years. It was, however, found that the contents of bicarbonate and pH of the urine of adult Tokyo citizens (435 adults including 148 males and 287 females) substantially increased. The findings may be correlated with increased inhaled amounts of carbon dioxide which finally causes the increase of urinary excretion of bicarbonate, though evidence that the gas accumulates in the atmosphere of Tokyo due to air pollution has not been directly demonstrated.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Estimation of the functional reserve of the human liver by urinary D-glucaric acid excretion after vitamin C administration.

The excretion of D-glucaric acid in the urine (uGA) correlates with the total liver content of hepatic cytochrome P-450, the metabolism of which depends on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) being produced by intrahepatic cellular mitochondria. Five cases of compensated liver cirrhosis group with less than 0.4 mg/kg/min of the maximum removal rate of indocyanine green (ICGR max), and 5 cases with normal hepatic function (control group), were monitored for uGA before and after P-450 activation induced by administration of 1 g of vitamin-C. Before vitamin-C administration, no differences in uGA excretion were observed comparing the cirrhosis with the control group. After administration of vitamin-C, the excretion of uGA was significantly lower in the cirrhosis group. The measurement of uGA is considered to represent vitamin-C induced activation by P-450, and is a new method for evaluation of the functional reserve of the liver.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1993

3 cases of anti-Scl-70 (topoisomerase I) antibody associated with central nervous system lupus without renal disorder.

We describe 3 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with anti-Scl-70 antibody. Common symptoms were central nervous system disorder, discoid rash, lymphadenopathy, and no renal disorder. Two of 3 cases showed some symptoms of scleroderma but could not be diagnosed as such. Although further followup is required to determine if scleroderma develops, these unique symptoms might be a subtype of SLE or a lupus-like syndrome characterized by symptoms and anti-Scl-70 antibody.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Gastric metastasis of primary lung cancer].

A 74-year-old man was admitted to Keio University Hospital because of an abnormal shadow in the right upper lung field on chest roentgenogram. Bronchoscopic examination revealed malignant cells, by which large cell carcinoma of the lung was diagnosed. Systemic survey for metastasis disclosed an ulcerated tumor on the greater curvature of the stomach. Endoscopic examination showed an elevated submucosal tumor suggesting submucosal metastasis of lung cancer to the stomach. A review of 473 autopsies of primary lung cancer at Keio University from 1958 to 1987 showed 16 cases with gastric metastasis (3.4%). Two of 16 cases were detected clinically. Gastric metastases were proven in 15.6% of autopsy cases of large cell carcinoma of the lung. Forty-three cases of primary lung cancer with gastric metastasis were reported in the Japanese literature from 1965 to 1990. Thirteen of these cases had large cell carcinoma.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Autopsy-proven cases of fatal saddle thromboembolism in the pulmonary artery].

In 544 autopsy cases during the period from 1984 through 1990 at National Okura Hospital, there were 7 cases of fatal saddle pulmonary thromboembolism (1.3%). Pulmonary thromboembolism was included in the differential diagnosis, but not as a primary consideration. Therefore, no case was diagnosed antemortem. Saddle thromboembolus is defined here as a thromboembolus which impacted in the main pulmonary artery or lodged astride the bifurcation. The cases were 5 females and 2 males ranging in age from 53 to 76 years. During the clinical course of the initial disease, sudden symptoms including dyspnea, chest pain or tachypnea developed, and death occurred within one hour or in a relatively short period of time. In case 6, sudden death followed removal of a central venous catheter inserted in the inferior vena cava one week previously. In cases 2, 3, and 5, deep vein thromboemboli were detected at postmortem examination. In cases 3 and 4, the patients were 3- and 5-days postoperative, respectively. Laboratory data obtained before death showed no abnormalities of hematologic and coagulation profiles. At autopsy, the pulmonary artery trunk was completely occluded by embolus, and thromboemboli were detected in the femoral and iliac veins in 3 cases. These thromboemboli were composed of fibrin and red cells enmeshed with platelets. On microscopic examination, endothelial disruption was not observed at the levels of the large and smaller pulmonary vessels, which underlies thrombosis in situ or creates a procoagulant environment. Proximal pulmonary thromboemboli were demonstrated in only one out of seven cases (Case 1). Saddle thromboembolism, in our limited observation, resulted from the impact of large floating embolus, emanating from elsewhere, against the large pulmonary artery, rather than the propagation of a smaller pulmonary embolus originating in a peripheral artery.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Mechanism of tumor cell invasion studied by a culture model--modification of invasiveness by host mediators].

A culture model for invasion of rat mesothelial cell layer by rat ascites hepatoma cells has been developed. By using this quantitative model, we have recently found that the invasiveness of tumor cells is not only genetically determined but is greatly influenced by their interactions with host cells and host mediators. The preculture with macrophages was found to enhance both the in vitro and in vivo invasive potentials of the tumor cells. This potentiation appears to be mediated partly by oxygen radicals generated by the cocultured macrophages. The in vitro invasive capacity was also augmented by pretreating the tumor cells with TGF-beta, or with activated platelets. In the in vitro invasion assay system, tumor cells did not invade against cultured mesothelial cell monolayers without fetal calf serum. Serum could be completely substituted by oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or bacterial phospholipase D (PLD), suggesting a possible participation of particular signaling cascade, PLD-LPA(PA) system, in the invasion of certain tumor cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) in a flare-up stage of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)].

A 33-year old housewife who developed BOOP in a flare-up stage of SLE was reported. She had been treated for Hashimoto's thyroidtis since the age of 18. When the patient was 21 years old, she noticed polyarthritis and subcutaneous nodules. She had a high titer of rheumatoid factor and a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made. At the age of 23, ulnar drift was noted despite the lack of subjective and objective signs of active articular inflammation. At the age of 25, she developed dry eyes and dry mouth, and at the age of 27, photosensitivity was experienced. At the age of 28, she was first admitted to our department and diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome and SLE was made. Since then, she had been treated by corticosteroid and remained in a stable condition. In January 1991, she developed facial erythema, dry cough and edema of the lower extremities. Laboratory findings included profuse proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, elevated anti-DNA titer, depressed serum complements. Chest X-ray films showed a presence of patchy non-segmental infiltrates in both lung fields. TBLB specimen showed the characteristic findings of BOOP described by Epler at al. She had marked ulnar deviation at the MCP joints bilaterally and X-ray findings were consistent with Jaccoud's arthropathy. The pulmonary lesions and nephrotic syndrome responded to the combined therapy of prednisolone and immunosupressants. An occurrence of BOOP associated with flare of SLE indicates that immunological mechanisms might be involved for development of BOOP. Indeed, review of the literature shows that substantial numbers of patients with BOOP had clinical and serological overlapping findings with autoimmune diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Study on the neuropathological diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type].

Trying to define more suitable criteria for neuropathological diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), the three histopathological criteria were tentatively made: 1) Laminar neuronal loss in the parahippocampus and medial gyri of the oral temporal lobe, 2) Appearance of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the cerebral cortex more than the 95th percentile value of the age-matched control which were obtained from 12 different gyri of the 135 non-demented brains (60 to 106 years old), 3) Exclusion of the other diseases. There were 106 cases which satisfied the 3rd criterion in 581 consecutive autopsy cases of our hospital. They were divided into two groups. The first group was fulfilled the 1st criterion (46 cases), although approximately a half of the cases did not fulfilled the 2nd criterion. The second group was satisfied the 3rd criterion (60 cases). The first group included 43 cases clinically diagnosed as SDAT (93%), which occupied 72% of the all clinical SDAT cases. On the contrary, only 25% of the second cases were clinically diagnosed as SDAT. This study showed that laminar neuronal loss in the oral parahippocampus and medial gyri of the oral temporal lobe of both sides was the most important criterion for neuropathological diagnosis as well as widespread appearance of many SPs and NFTs in the cerebral cortex.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

A pilot study of long-term weekly interferon-beta administration for chronic hepatitis B.

Interferon-beta was given weekly for 24 wk, at a dose of 3 million units, intravenously, to 10 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were serologically positive for HBsAg and HBeAg. Their condition was followed for 6 months after the end of therapy. Both serum hepatitis B virus-associated DNA-polymerase activity and alanine aminotransferase level became significantly lower during therapy and during the 6 months after the end of therapy than at the beginning of therapy. In five of 10 patients, the seroconversion from HBeAg positive to anti-HBe positive had occurred by 6 months after the end of therapy, and in four of these five patients, serum alanine aminotransferase level became normal. Weekly interferon-beta administration over 6 months seems effective in inducing seroconversion and in normalizing serum alanine aminotransferase level.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Development of multiple subcutaneous nodules in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis during methotrexate therapy].

A 59-year-old woman with a 14 years' history of seropositive nodular rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed multiple subcutaneous nodules during methotrexate therapy was reported. Weekly pulse methotrexate therapy (5-7.5 mg) was initiated in June, 1990 for exacerbation of RA. By January 1991 (total dose of methotrexate: ca 240-310 mg), marked clinical and laboratory improvements were observed. However, subcutaneous which were present prior to methotrexate administration, increased in number and size. The excised nodules showed typical histological features of rheumatoid nodules. The subcutaneous were also characterized by their presence in atypical locations such as the extensor surfaces of finger joints and toes. Recent reports which describe development of subcutaneous nodules and vasculitic lesions in RA patients following methotrexate therapy indicate different pathogenetic mechanisms might be involved in articular disease and nodular lesions.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed1993

[A case of slowly-growing localized malignant mesothelioma].

We report a case of localized malignant mesothelioma. The patient was a 37-year-old male, admitted to our hospital because of a solitary nodular shadow in the right middle lung field noted on chest X-ray. Five years prior to admission, a solitary nodular shadow had been seen in the same area on chest X-ray, and the diameter of the tumor had gradually increased. A transbronchial biopsy specimen revealed proliferation of spindle-shaped tumor cells, suggesting fibrosarcoma. No other lesions were identified as primary foci, so we made the tentative diagnosis of primary pulmonary sarcoma prior performing right upper lobectomy. The resected specimen revealed that the tumor, which partially touched the pleura, contained a number of large and small cystic spaces, and was composed of numerous spindle-shaped tumor cells. Some of the tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and many mitotic figures were noted. Thus, we made the histopathological diagnosis of localized malignant mesothelioma.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Retinoic acids inhibit activation-induced apoptosis in T cell hybridomas and thymocytes.

Apoptosis is induced in immature thymocytes and T cell hybridomas upon stimulation via the TCR/CD3 complex. This phenomenon appears to be related to negative selection of T cell clones in the thymus. In T cell hybridomas, it has been shown that glucocorticoids inhibit TCR/CD3-mediated apoptosis, whereas glucocorticoids alone induce apoptosis. All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) at 0.1 to 10 microM also inhibited TCR/CD3-mediated apoptosis assessed by DNA fragmentation and cytolysis, but RA alone hardly induced apoptosis. RA enhanced the effects of glucocorticoids to induce apoptosis and to inhibit TCR/CD3-mediated apoptosis. TCR/CD3-mediated stimulation can be mimicked by the combination of ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, and PMA, an activator of protein kinase C, and the combination-induced DNA fragmentation was also inhibited by RA. RA, however, failed to inhibit the combination-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration or the combination-induced translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosolic fraction to the particulate fraction. Time course studies of RA addition into the culture indicated that a 3- to 6-h delay in the addition of RA did not reduce its inhibitory effect on anti-CD3-induced DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that RA interferes with the apoptotic process at some point after its initiation stage. It has been suggested that negative selection involves not only TCR/CD3-mediated signals but also LFA-1-mediated signals. RA at 0.01 to 1 microM significantly inhibited the induction of thymocyte apoptosis by co-immobilized mAb to CD3 and LFA-1 molecules. RA by itself hardly induced apoptosis, but enhanced glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. The results suggest that thymic selection might be influenced by RA at near-physiologic concentrations. The receptors of glucocorticoids and RA belong to the erbA oncogene-related steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Thyroid hormones and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, whose receptors also belong to the superfamily, failed to modulate apoptosis in both T cell hybridomas and thymocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Tumor invasion-inhibiting factor 2: primary structure and inhibitory effect on invasion in vitro and pulmonary metastasis of tumor cells.

The primary structure of tumor invasion-inhibiting factor 2 (IIF-2) purified from bovine liver (A. Isoai et al., Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 81:909-914, 1990) was determined. A computer homology search of the National Biomedical Research Foundation data bank revealed that IIF-2 is identical to the carboxyl-terminal region, residue number [69-89], of high mobility group 17 which is a DNA-binding non-histone protein. IIF-2 synthesized by an automated peptide synthesizer showed similar invasion-inhibitory activity as compared with the purified factor, when tested with the monolayer invasion assay system using highly invasive rat ascites tumor cells. When examined with the other in vitro assay systems using a modified Boyden chamber, the synthetic IIF-2 suppressed the chemotactic migration of highly metastatic B16 melanoma (B16FE7) cells to fibronectin or laminin and invasion through Matrigel. The IIF-2 inhibited neither the cell proliferation nor the binding of cells to fibronectin or Matrigel and also showed no significant inhibition of Mr 90,000 type IV collagenase (gelatinase) obtained from human schwannoma (YST-3) cells. The formation of lung colonies in mice given injections of B16FE7 and Lewis lung carcinoma cells was significantly reduced by the coinjection of the IIF-2. These results suggest that IIF-2 suppresses tumor invasion by impairing cell motility and inhibits the migration of metastasizing cells through extracellular matrix (extravasation steps) following their arrest in the capillary bed of the lung in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Molecular cloning of the cDNA for the major hemoglobin component from Paramecium caudatum.

Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for the major hemoglobin component of Paramecium caudatum was determined. An oligonucleotide was synthesized on the basis of the amino acid sequence, and the Paramecium cDNA library constructed in phage lambda gt11 was screened with it. Three positive clones, of which insert sizes were 0.4, 0.6, and 0.9 kbp, were obtained. Sequence analysis made clear that the 0.4-kbp cDNA retains a full length of the nucleotides encoding 116 amino acid residues, and that in the coding region it contains four TAA codons which are known to encode glutamine.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Combination therapy of local administration of OK-432 and radiation for esophageal cancer.

Local administration of OK-432, a biological response modifier, was combined with radiation in 30 patients with esophageal cancer as a pilot study. Complete response was obtained in 22 of 30 patients (73.3%); and partial response was obtained in the remaining eight cases (26.7%). Complete response was obtained in all eight patients with a tumor less than 5 cm in length. In the group with tumors 5-10 cm in length, complete response was obtained in 11 of 14 cases (78.6%); and partial response was obtained in 3 of 14 cases. In the group with a tumor length of more than 10 cm, complete response was obtained in 3 of 8 cases (37.5%); and partial response was obtained in 5 of 8 cases. One-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates of the 30 patients, including four patients who died of other diseases, were 67.9%, 40.8% and 29.0%, respectively. This new combination therapy may contribute not only to local control, but also to survival.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical identification of aggregated actin filaments in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. I. A study of infantile digital fibromatosis by a new pretreatment.

Some authors have claimed that actin is not immunostained in characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusions of infantile digital fibromatosis, whereas others have claimed that it is. Formalin-fixed specimens were used in the former studies; specimens fixed in alcohol used in the latter studies. Actin at other sites, such as the rim of the inclusions, was distinctly immunostained even in the formalin-fixed specimens. Such phenomena make it difficult to accept the loss of antigenicity of actin as a result of formalin fixation. The use of usual pretreatment with trypsin provided the same results. We were able to immunostain actin distinctly and strongly in the inclusions for the first time in formalin-fixed specimens by combining KOH in 70% ethanol and trypsin. This successful staining results from the adequate etching effect of trypsin, which occurs because of a loosening of proteins in the inclusions due to KOH. These phenomena suggest that steric hindrance of antigen determinant has occurred only in the inclusions as a result of intramolecular cross-linkage, because of extremely dense accumulation of actin filaments in the inclusions.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗