[Infection and prevention of hepatitis C virus in medical personnel].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Moriyama
Publications and source records attributed to M Moriyama.
[Causative incidence of hepatic cirrhosis and clinical statistics of hepatic cirrhosis type C].
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Adolescent↗
[Advanced gastric carcinoma with extensive lymph node metastases successfully treated by sequential methotrexate/5-fluorouracil therapy].
A 62-year-old man having advanced gastric carcinoma with extended lymph node metastases was successfully treated by a palliative gastrectomy and 6 courses of sequential methotrexate/5-fluorouracil therapy. No side effects were observed, and all enlarged abdominal lymph nodes disappeared. The complete response has continued for 11 months after the initial treatment.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Prostate and prostatic carcinoma: comparison of gadolinium-enhanced MR images and histopathologic findings].
The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of enhancement in normal prostate, and to compare them with the enhancement patterns and histopathologic findings in patients with prostatic carcinoma. Seventeen patients who had no urogenital disease and 27 who underwent radical prostatectomy or prostatic biopsy were included in this study. All patients were evaluated with T1-, T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. With gadolinium enhancement the inner gland showed more enhancement than the peripheral zone in the normal prostate. The carcinoma tissue was enhanced more than the peripheral zone in 13 patients, about the same as the peripheral zone in 11 patients, and less than the peripheral zone in three patients. The three patients whose cancer tissue demonstrated no enhancement had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the solid type. In conclusion, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted imaging is not reliable for routine use in MR imaging of the prostate, but may be useful to evaluate histologic types in patients with prostatic carcinoma.
Adolescent↗
Feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with a nonvisualized gallbladder on drip infusion cholangiography.
We report here the operative findings, the incidence of successful laparoscopic treatment, and the perioperative complications in patients with nonvisualized gallbladder on drip infusion cholangiography (DIC). Eighty-five patients with a nonvisualized gallbladder on DIC were entered into the study. None of the patients had a minimal adhesive gallbladder; 51 to 85 patients (60.0%) had moderate adhesive gallbladders, and 34 (40.0%) had severely adhesive ones. The rate of successful laparoscopic treatment, including laparoscopy-assisted abdominal surgery, was 97.6% (83 of 85 patients). Perioperative complications occurred in only three patients (3.5%), and there were no deaths related to the operation. Thus, when patients with a nonvisualized gallbladder on DIC undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy, meticulous procedures must be carried out; however, as the rate of successful laparoscopic treatment is high, cholecystectomy under laparoscopy is feasible for experienced surgeons.
Cholangiography↗
[Testicular cancer in father and son].
The first report of the familial testicular cancers in a father and his son in Japan was presented. The father had right testicular seminoma at 41 years of age and his son had right testicular embryonal cell carcinoma associated with teratoma elements at 17 years of age. To date only 30 pairs of testicular cancers occurring in father and son have been reported worldwide. Survey of the literature suggested that hereditary factors might be involved in the familial occurrence of testicular cancers although there was no definitive evidence.
Adolescent↗
[Histiocytoma of the liver].
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Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous↗
[Role of CT in patients with prostatic disease: usefulness of depiction of prostatic zonal anatomy].
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of CT in patients with and without prostatic disease. CT and MR findings were reviewed in 25 patients without known prostatic disease, 11 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 11 patients with prostatic cancer. Differential attenuation allowed for distinction of the peripheral zone and inner gland of the prostate by CT in 72% of normal patients. The distinction rate of prostatic zonal anatomy by CT decreased to 30% in the diseased group. When zonal anatomy of the prostate is not visualized on pelvic enhanced CT, the presence of prostatic disease might be considered.
Adolescent↗
[Present status of developing hepatitis C vaccines].
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Epitopes↗
The capacity of the malate-aspartate shuttle differs between periportal and perivenous hepatocytes from rats.
The capacity of the malate-aspartate shuttle was evaluated in periportal (PP-H) and perivenous subfraction of rat hepatocytes (PV-H). The rate of glutamine production from alanine was 34-fold higher in PV-H than in PP-H. Statistically significant differences between PP-H and PV-H were found for the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase but not for the activities of NAD(+)-malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and mitochondrial alanine aminotransferase. The rate of glucose production from sorbitol and the rate of ethanol utilization were higher in PP-H than in PV-H. In the presence of phenazine methosulfate (PMS), the increments in these rates were significantly greater in PV-H than in PP-H. The capacity of malate-aspartate shuttle in the presence of alanine was significantly higher in PP-H than in PV-H but in the presence of asparagine was similar in PP-H and PV-H. The results suggest that the capacity of malate-aspartate shuttle distributes heterogeneously along liver lobules with the dominance in periportal zone and that the difference of the capacity may result from the difference in the transport of aspartate across the mitochondrial membrane.
Alanine↗
Simultaneous determination of primidone and its active metabolites in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using a solid-phase extraction technique.
Primidone (PRM) and its active metabolites, phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) and phenobarbital (PB), in rat plasma were simultaneously determined using a solid-phase extraction technique followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Twenty microliters of plasma was applied to a Bond-Elut C-18 cartridge column with 0.1 microgram of acetanilide (internal standard, IS). After the column was washed, PRM, PEMA, PB, and IS were eluted with methanol and injected into the HPLC system. Calibrations for these substances were linear in the range of 0-20 micrograms/mL. The coefficients of variation were 1.5-7.9% and 3.4-9.1% in the within-day and between-day assays, respectively. The recovery rates were 96.8-101.8%. The pharmacokinetics of these substances were examined after oral administration of PRM (50 mg/kg) to rats. The Tmax values for PRM, PEMA, and PB were 1.4, 5.7, and 6.6 h, respectively, and the Cmax values were 18.2, 8.1, and 9.6 micrograms/mL, respectively. This method is useful for pharmacokinetic studies of PRM and its active metabolites.
Administration, Oral↗
Postoperative results of vascularized double fibula grafts for femoral pseudoarthrosis with large bony defect.
In open femoral bone fractures osteomyelitis may develop as a complication. Many difficulties are experienced in the treatment of those fractures because an extended bone defect may be formed after repeated operations, and then amputation of the femoral bone becomes necessary. Since 1981 the present authors have performed the vascularized double fibula grafts in the treatment of 18 patients with successful results. With this grafting method, both vascularized double fibula grafts are collected at the same time, one as an intramedullary graft and the other as an onlay graft. The most important point in carrying out grafting by this method is to prepare the recipient bone bed adequately. In many cases, it is necessary to carry out the primary operation to curette the focus, and resect necrotic tissues and sequestrated bone before the vascularized double fibula grafts, and then grafting is performed as a second operation after infection has been controlled following the initial operation. Although differences in time required for recovery cannot be eliminated completely, it becomes possible for 16 out of 18 patients to walk without the use of a brace and crutches within 13 months on average.
Adolescent↗
Histological evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia treated by long-term administration of chlormadinone acetate (CMA).
Although the clinical effects of attempted nonsurgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia have been well documented, detailed histological evaluation of the effects of treatment appears to be limited. The effect of long-term administration of an antiandrogen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA), on benign prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated with histological comparison of two biopsy specimens, one before treatment and one after treatment. Secretory epithelium showed obvious regressive changes with occasional basal cell prominence after CMA treatment. Stromal elements, however, did not show any marked changes, except for occasional edematous loosening. Scores of multiple epithelial parameters tended to be correlated with clinical improvement in urinary obstructive symptoms, especially in patients with predominant glandular hyperplasia. These results suggest that long-term administration of the potent antiandrogen CMA to inhibit dihydrotestosterone-receptor binding might be a useful therapeutic maneuver in patients with glandular hyperplasia, without any deterioration of the stromal component.
Aged↗
Isolation and partial characterization of crystal matrix protein as a potent inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation: evidence of activation peptide of human prothrombin.
In order to clarify the characteristics of crystal matrix protein (CMP), which exhibits a remarkable affinity for calcium oxalate crystals and may be important in stone pathogenesis, we have isolated CMP from macromolecular matrix substances of newly-formed calcium oxalate crystals. Purification of CMP consisted of calcium oxalate crystal formation, dissolution of crystals, electrodialysis, anion exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. CMP showed the protein band of 31 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of CMP was identical to that of human prothrombin. Both anti-CMP polyclonal antibody and anti-human prothrombin antibody cross-reacted well with human prothrombin and CMP in Western blotting. Its amino acid composition and its molecular weight of 31 kDa strongly suggest that CMP is the activation peptide of human prothrombin.
Adult↗
A phase II study of prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy with 4'-epirubicin in recurrent superficial bladder cancer: comparison of 4'-epirubicin and adriamycin.
Since intravesical recurrence of superficial bladder cancer (Ta, T1) after transurethral resection (TUR) is frequent, adjuvant therapy to reduce the recurrence rate has been extensively investigated. Although intravesical chemotherapy has been employed for 30 years or more, neither the exact effect on the bladder epithelium nor the optimal dose and administration schedule has yet been clarified. In recent years, several derivatives of Adriamycin (ADR) have been developed, and 4'-epirubicin (FARM) is one of them. This drug has been shown to have antitumor effects almost equal to those of ADR and to produce less toxicity when given systemically as chemotherapy. In an attempt to clarify the effect of intravesical FARM in the prevention of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer, we conducted a prospective randomized trial to compare the effects of equal doses of FARM and ADR given by intravesical instillation after TUR in cases of highly recurrent superficial bladder cancer. A total of 73 patients with recurrent superficial bladder cancer were randomized to receive TUR and either 30 mg FARM or 30 mg ADR by intravesical instillation every 2-4 weeks for 1 year. The prophylactic effect on recurrence and the toxic effects of these drugs were investigated. The current results show that FARM provides efficacy almost equal to that of ADR in the prevention of recurrence in these patients. However, FARM also caused almost the same local toxic effects (bladder irritation, among others) as ADR. On the basis of these preliminary results, FARM is surmised to be one of the agents as beneficial as ADR in the prevention of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.
Administration, Intravesical↗
Enhanced therapeutic effects of anti-tumour agents against growth and metastasis of colon carcinoma 26 when given in combination with interferon and interleukin-2.
Chemoimmunotherapy of pulmonary metastases was investigated in a protocol of combined anti-tumour agents and interferon-beta and/or interleukin-2. The combination of interferon-beta and interleukin-2 after treatment with etoposide or cisplatin exerted profound therapeutic effects in an experimental model (lung colonization) using colon carcinoma 26, which was resistant to interferon-beta or to interleukin-2 alone. Cured mice treated with anti-tumour agents and cytokines rejected re-implanted tumours. Moreover, this approach also had profound effects on spontaneous pulmonary metastases, together with the effect on primary tumours. However, this combination of cytokines did not enhance the anti-tumour activity of etoposide in athymic mice with pulmonary metastases. Injections of tumour-bearing BALB/c mice with a combination of etoposide and these cytokines resulted in a marked increase in CD8+, asialo-GM1+ cells. Thus the combined treatment with interferon-beta and interleukin-2 after administration of cytotoxic drugs may induce specific anti-tumour immunity, and such combinations may offer a new approach to the development of effective therapy for cancer metastases.
Animals↗
Variations of hepatitis B virus precore/core gene sequence in acute and fulminant hepatitis B.
Variations of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore/core sequence has been shown to play a role in the development of active liver disease in chronic hepatitis B. Whether this is also an important viral factor in the pathogenesis of acute and fulminant hepatitis B is unknown. To determine the precore/core gene sequence in patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis B, 11 patients with fulminant hepatitis B and seven patients with acute hepatitis B were studied. The sequences of precore/core gene were determined by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction amplicons generated from the HBV isolated from patients' serum. For the 11 patients with fulminant hepatitis B, the precore/core regions were successfully amplified in 10 patients. Eight patients exhibited precore stop codon mutations. In addition, nine of the 10 fulminant hepatitis B patients had frequent nucleotide substitutions with corresponding changes in the predicted amino acid sequences in the mid-core and the 5' terminus region of the core gene. In contrast, precore stop codon mutants were not detected, and variations of the HBV core gene were minimal in patients with acute hepatitis B. The association of HBV precore mutants and HBV core gene variations with fulminant hepatitis B and not acute hepatitis B suggested that these variations may be important in modulating the clinical course of HBV infection.
Acute Disease↗