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Biomedical subjects

M Moriyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Moriyama.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Treatment of scrotal hydrocele using fibrin adhesive].

For the purpose of adhesion of the tunica vaginalis in scrotal hydrocele, we used fibrin adhesive, Bolheal. Between September 1993 and December 1994, 13 patients with scrotal hydrocele received occlusion therapies using Bolhead. The therapy was effective in 1 of the 6 patients (17%) administered 2.4 mg of fibrinogen and 750 units of thrombin into the vaginal cavity after aspiration of fluids, and in 5 of the 7 patients (71%) administered 240 mg of fibrinogen and 7.5 units of thrombin. Therefore, fibrin adhesive may be useful in the treatment of scrotal hydrocele.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A case of chronic scrotal hematocele].

We report a case of chronic scrotal hematocele. A 94-year-old man complained of urine retention and a painless mass in the right scrotum. He had no history of trauma at the perinium. Tumor markers such as human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were within normal limits. A transillumination test was negative. A right high orchiectomy was carried out after admission with the diagnosis of suspicion testicular cancer. The extracted mass measured 85 x 60 x 75 mm and contained old brownish black blood. The right testis was located separately from the mass and had a normal appearance. Microscopic examination revealed depositions of cholesterin crystals characteristic of chronic hematocele.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Consideration of therapeutic choice for grade 3 superficial bladder cancer].

Between January, 1977 and December, 1994, 90 patients with grade 3 (G3) superficial bladder cancer were treated at Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama Municipal Hospital and Kanagawa Cancer Center. These patients were clinically observed. The prognostic factors of the patients with G3 superficial bladder tumors were age and growth pattern of tumors. Patients older than 67 showed significantly poor survival compared with younger patients (p < 0.01). Patients with non-papillary sessile tumors showed significantly poor survival compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The five-year survival rate of the patients with G3 superficial tumors who were treated by total cystectomy was 75%, whereas all the patients who were treated by bladder preservation therapy died within 4 years, the difference being significant (p < 0.05). Eleven patients with G3 superficial bladder tumors died of cancer, and most of these patients had multiple and non-papillary sessile tumors. These findings suggest that the patients with G3 superficial tumors, which are non-papillary sessile tumors, should be treated by radical cystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

BCL-6 gene product, a 92- to 98-kD nuclear phosphoprotein, is highly expressed in germinal center B cells and their neoplastic counterparts.

The BCL-6 gene is known to be located on chromosome 3q27, at the breakpoint of the 3q27-associated translocations that occur frequently in human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). To identify the BCL-6 protein, two antibodies that recognized distinct domains of this protein were raised in rabbits. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting of lysates of BCL-6-expressing cells using both antibodies showed a broad 92- to 98-kD band. Dephosphorylation of BCL-6 protein reduced the size of this band to 87 kD, suggesting that BCL-6 may be expressed in a phosphorylated form. Immunostaining with both antibodies showed that BCL-6 protein was localized in the nuclei of most of the germinal center B cells and a small number of marginal zone B cells. Furthermore, BCL-6 protein was expressed in follicular, Burkitt's, and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. These results suggest that the BCL-6 protein, expressed in B cells of the germinal centers which are important in the maturation of immune responses, may play some physiological role(s) in the germinal center B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

G1 phase arrest induced by Wilms tumor protein WT1 is abrogated by cyclin/CDK complexes.

WT1, the Wilms tumor-suppressor gene, maps to the human chromosomal region 11p13 and encodes a transcriptional repressor, WT1, implicated in controlling normal urogenital development. Microinjection of the WT1 cDNA into quiescent cells or cells in early to mid G1 phase blocked serum-induced cell cycle progression into S phase. The activity of WT1 varied significantly depending on the presence or absence of an alternatively spliced region located upstream of the zinc finger domain. The inhibitory activity of WT1 was abrogated by the overexpression of cyclin E/CDK2 as well as cyclin D1/CDK4. Furthermore, both CDK4- and CDK2-associated kinase activities were downregulated in cells overexpressing WT1, whereas the levels of CDK4, CDK2, and cyclin D1 expression were unchanged. These findings suggest that inhibition of the activity of cyclin/CDK complexes may be involved in mediating the WT1-induced cell cycle block.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1995

Probable implication of mutations of the X open reading frame in the onset of fulminant hepatitis B.

A pathogenic role of precore-defective mutation in the onset of fulminant hepatitis B has been suggested. However, precore-defective mutants do not always cause fulminant hepatitis B and are not always isolated from affected patients. These findings strongly suggest the presence of some additional important mutations outside the precore region in fulminant hepatitis. In the present investigation an attempt was made to sequence the X open reading frame of hepatitis B virus DNA isolated from seven patients with fulminant hepatitis B and five patients with acute hepatitis B. The latter were used as controls. Since the X open reading frame encodes the X protein and contains the core promoter/enhancer II complex, some critical mutations may enhance or disrupt the replication and expression of hepatitis B virus DNA leading to fulminant hepatitis. A C-to-T substitution was found at nucleotide (nt) 1655, an A-to-T substitution at nt 1764 and a G-to-A substitution at nt 1766 in 4, 5 and 5 patients, respectively, out of the seven with fulminant hepatitis. These substitutions were not recognized in the patients with acute hepatitis. These mutations might change the function of the X protein and core promoter/enhancer II complex. It is suggested, therefore, that these mutations, as well as the precore-defective mutation, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Effect of anaesthetic agents on the phagocytic function of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes through analysis with a phagocytic plaque method.

We examined the effects of the intravenous anaesthetic agents, thiamylal and ketamine, on the phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in heparinized peripheral blood from healthy individuals using the phagocytic plaque method. Subclinical doses of thiamylal caused enhancement of the phagocytic activity of PMN and super-clinical doses of thiamylal inhibited phagocytic activity of PMN. Ketamine did not adversely affect phagocytic function at relevant therapeutic concentrations. The results presented in this manuscript indicate the phagocytic plaque method can provide a quantitative assessment of the phagocytic function of leukocytes. This method may prove useful in determining whether anaesthetic agents and other drugs adversely affect leukocyte function and hence help prevent the increased susceptibility to infection which can occur in anaesthetized patients. Conversely, the phagocytic plaque method may prove useful in the search for immune-enhancing drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Therapeutic drama activity for the cognitively impaired elderly in a nursing home.

The use of drama as a nightly activity for the cognitively impaired elderly patients at the Sakubara skilled nursing home commenced in 1989. Although it was started for the pleasure of the patients, and not for a therapeutic purpose, positive behavioral changes were observed. The therapeutic effects of the activity were measured and reported. Based on our 7-year experience and research, the definition, goals, structure, and conceptual framework of therapeutic drama activity were developed; the skills used in this activity and its cultural background are discussed. Finally, the philosophical background of the nursing home that promotes the therapeutic effects is presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of extrathymic T cells induced by recombinant murine interferon-beta in the peritoneal cavity of nude mice.

The effects of recombinant murine interferon-beta (rMuIFN-beta) on extrathymic lymphocyte formation in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c athymic nude mice and tumor-bearing nude mice were examined for comparison with BALB/c normal euthymic mice. The 7 days of administration of 1 x 10(5) IU rMuIFN-beta caused the number of these cells to increase remarkably in the peritoneal cavity as a unique subset of asialoGM1+CD4+CD8-TcR alpha beta+ T cells. The asialoGM1+CD4+ T cells produced IL-2 and IFN-gamma in primary culture without stimulant but did not proliferate. Thus, extrathymic T cells can be induced easily in the peritoneal cavity in addition to the thymus for host defense systems.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Partially deacetylated chitin and hyaluronan induce glycogenolysis in perfused rat liver.

Mannan interacts with mannose/N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) receptors on the surface of both Kupffer cells and endothelial cells in the liver, and induces glycogenolysis through production of peptide-leukotriene (LT) in the perfused rat liver. In the present study, we examined whether positively and negatively charged GlcNAc-containing polysaccharides stimulate glycogenolysis in perfused rat liver. Infusion of the former, 67% deacetylated chitin (DAC), induced biphasic increases in glucose production and a steep decrease in oxygen consumption by the liver. ONO-1078, an LT D4 receptor antagonist, abolished the suppression of oxygen consumption and reduced the glucose production by DAC. Infusion of the latter, hyaluronan, stimulated glucose production with a concomitant increase in oxygen consumption. Ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, reduced the glucose production by hyaluronan. Sequential infusions of mannan and DAC, but not hyaluronan, did not induce glycogenolytic responses when mannan was infused 20 min before the second stimulation. These results suggest that DAC, but not hyaluronan, stimulates mannose/GlcNAc receptors in the perfused rat liver, and that potent immunological activity induced by DAC may be mediated by activation of the receptors.

Acylation↗
PubMed1995

Effects of an increase in perfusion pressure and of the direction of flow on carbohydrate metabolism in the perfused rat liver.

The effects of increases in perfusion pressure and direction of perfusion flow (anterograde and retrograde) on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism were examined in the isolated perfused rat liver. Changing the direction of flow from anterograde (portal to caval vein) to retrograde (caval to portal vein) increased the rates of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis from sorbitol, lactate, pyruvate, and dihydroxyacetone. The extent of stimulation of gluconeogenesis by norepinephrine was higher during anterograde perfusion while stimulation by glucagon was higher during retrograde perfusion. Since the inflowing perfusion pressure was higher in retrograde perfusion (3.8 mmHg) than during anterograde perfusion (2.2 mmHg), we examined the effect of elevation in perfusion pressure on hepatic metabolism. In anterograde (portal to caval vein) perfusion, increases in perfusion pressure above the basal level (2.2 mmHg) caused increases in rates of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis with maximum rates at 4 mmHg. The extent of stimulation of gluconeogenesis by norepinephrine decreased and that by glucagon increased during perfusion at elevated pressure. At the same perfusion pressure (4 mmHg), there were no differences in rates of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and in the responses to hormones between anterogradely and retrogradely perfused livers. The omission of Ca2+ ions from the perfusate abolished the effects of retrograde perfusion and of the elevation of perfusion pressure on carbohydrate metabolism. An infusion of A23187 (30 nM) induced an increase in both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis with unchanged perfusion pressure. The results suggest that elevated perfusion pressure during retrograde perfusion stimulates hepatic carbohydrate metabolism via a Ca(2+)-dependent process.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Backscattered electron imaging of crystal matrix protein on the surface of calcium oxalate crystals using colloidal gold.

In order to clarify the presence and localization of crystal matrix protein (CMP) upon calcium oxalate crystals, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and backscattered electron imaging (BEI) techniques were used. This protein exhibits a remarkable affinity with calcium oxalate crystals and may be important in stone pathogenesis. In this paper, rabbit anti-human CMP polyclonal antibody was used as first antibody, and for the second antibody, goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with 20 nm immunogold was used. Freshly prepared crystals from male urine were fixed in SEM fixative, then blocked and washed with phosphate-buffered saline and bovine serum albumin (PBS/BSA). First and second antibodies were reacted in PBS/BSA. Crystals were then dehydrated and finally coated for SEM study. The SEM technique showed bipyramidal shaped dihydrate calcium oxalate crystals in every sample and even at high magnification, colloidal gold could barely be seen. BEI clearly demonstrated the presence and localization of the gold on the surface of the crystals as well as on the macromolecules eluted from the crystals by dissolving them in ethylenediamminetetraacetic acid solution.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1995

Cold acclimation induces zonal heterogeneity in gluconeogenic responses to glucagon in rat liver lobule.

The relationship between the enhanced responses of gluconeogenesis to norepinephrine (NE) and glucagon and its zonal distribution was studied in liver lobules of cold-exposed rats by examination of preparations enriched for periportal hepatocytes (PP-H) and for perivenous hepatocytes (PV-H) by the digitonin-collagenase perfusion technique. In the control group, gluconeogenesis from lactate (10 mM) plus pyruvate (1 mM) was higher in PP-H than in PV-H. NE (100 nM) and glucagon (100 nM) increased the rate of gluconeogenesis by 80 and 70%, respectively, in both PP-H and PV-H. Gluconeogenesis in PP-H was unchanged by cold exposure. The rate in PV-H increased to the rate in PP-H at 5 days after cold exposure, and then the rate returned to the control value at 20 days. The gluconeogenic response to the alpha-adrenergic action of NE in both PP-H and PV-H doubled after 5 days. The response to glucagon tripled in PP-H and was cut in half in PV-H after 20 days. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 1 microM), A-23187 (100 nM), and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP; 1 mM) increased the rate of gluconeogenesis by 200, 100, and 80%, respectively, in both PP-H and PV-H from the control group. The responses to PMA and A-23187 were unchanged by exposure to cold. The response to DBcAMP was doubled in PP-H and was cut in half in PV-H after 20 days of cold exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1995

Effect of pregnancy on plasma phenobarbital concentrations in rats.

We examined the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital before and during pregnancy in rats. Animals were divided into four groups: (a) control, (b) pregnant, (c) phenobarbital-treated, and (d) phenobarbital-treated pregnant groups. The increase in body weight of nonpregnant or pregnant rats was not influenced by long-term phenobarbital treatment. Plasma phenobarbital concentrations during the period of long-term phenobarbital treatment with a fixed dosage by body weight were not significantly affected by pregnancy. Furthermore, pregnancy did not affect pharmacokinetic parameters of phenobarbital between 0.25 and 24h after administration. These results suggest that pregnancy does not influence on the pharmacokinetics of long-term phenobarbital treatment at a fixed dosage by body weight.

Animals↗