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Biomedical subjects

M Morgan

Publications and source records attributed to M Morgan.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Variable phenotype associated with duplication of different regions of 2p.

Previous reports suggest that duplication of the distal part of 2p causes a distinct syndrome. Of the 20 published cases, all resulted from a parental translocation. We report here clinical and cytogenetic data on three patients with dup(2p) and few, if any, of the physical findings of the syndrome. Our data suggest that dup(2p) is associated with an extremely variable phenotype which may be quite mild in some cases. It is also possible that many of the nonspecific developmental anomalies thought to be part of the syndrome may be caused by the accompanying deletion.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1983

Aminoglutethimide for the treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer.

Two hundred and thirteen unselected postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were treated with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone. There were 6 complete responses (CR), 47 partial responses (PR), 25 stable disease (SD) and 3 mixed response. Overall objective response rate was 28%, and with SD 41%. Median duration of objective response was 14 months. Years after menopause, age and tumour-free interval did not affect response rates. Main side-effects were drowsiness and lethargy (33%), rash (23%) and nausea (15%). Eleven patients (5%) stopped treatment because of toxicity. Median survival from start of treatment was 28 months and was the same for CRs, PRs and SD, compared with 10 months for progressive disease (P less than 0.001). Median survival from first metastasis was 43 months for PR/CR, 40 months for SD (not significantly different) and 22 months for progressive disease (P less than 0.001). Aminoglutethimide is an effective endocrine therapy in advanced postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly for bone deposits. Disease stabilization is associated with symptomatic and survival benefit similar to CR/PR.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Carbon dioxide response curves following midazolam and diazepam.

The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was measured in volunteers before, and at intervals after the i.v. administration of midazolam 0.075 mg kg-1 and diazepam 0.15 mg kg-1. In the doses used neither drug caused any statistically significant respiratory depression and there were no differences between the drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Total intravenous anaesthesia.

Total intravenous anaesthesia is a feasible alternative to the use of inhalational agents and the rationale behind such a technique is presented. The various intravenous agents are discussed, particularly with regard to their suitability for this form of anaesthesia, and their physiological effects compared with those of the inhalational anaesthetics. Some of the problems associated with the use of total intravenous anaesthesia are mentioned.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1983

ACORN group, social class, and child health.

A Classification of Residential Neighborhoods (ACORN) and the Registrat General's social class classification were compared on measures of health and service use based on a sample of 5500 primary school children in England. ACORN was shown to differentiate at least as well as social class on the selected outcome measures and to identify small areas with particularly high rates of morbidity. Nevertheless, questions were raised concerning both the extent to which ACORN identifies variations independent of regional variations and the consistency of ranking of ACORN groups on health measures.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

Incidence and extent of venous sequelae with intravenous diazepam utilizing a standardized conscious sedation technique. Part II: Effects of injection site.

The effects of site of venipuncture on the incidence of venous sequelae, utilizing a standard protocol, were assessed on 48 human subjects. Data were also recorded based on various demographic and clinical variables, including age, sex, race, vein diameter, dose, procedure time, IV fluid volume, injection pain and initial blood flow velocity. When the site of venipuncture was the antecubital fossa there was a significantly lower incidence of venous sequelae than when the venipuncture site was the dorsum of the hand, with the significant variables being venous diameter and procedure time. These findings further support the antecubital fossa as a preferred venipuncture site to the dorsum of the hand; however, there was a sufficient incidence of venous complications (37%) when the antecubital fossa was used to warrant consideration of contributory factors other than site. It appears that time of continuous infusion is a critical element and should be kept at a minimum. Also, subjects in whom Valium was injected demonstrated significantly more venous sequelae than those in whom 5% dextrose in water was injected, confirming previous reports that diazepam is irritating to the endothelial lining and thus is thrombogenic.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1983

Toxicity testing of atracurium.

The toxicity of atracurium has been investigated in subacute tests in rat, dog and monkey, in a fetal toxicity test in the rabbit and in a paranatal study in the cat. No specific adverse effects were found despite administration of supraparalysing doses. It appeared not to cross the placenta at term and the neonatal kitten seemed resistant to its neuromuscular blocking action. In the dog, cat and pig, in which physiological monitoring was undertaken, i.v. injection of three to four times the paralysing dose had little or no effect on arterial pressure or heart rate. The solution did not cause local irritation. Atracurium was not mutagenic in the Ames test.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effects of prolyl-leucyl-glycine amide on drug-induced rotation in lesioned rats.

1. The effects of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycine amide (PLG) on drug-induced rotational behavior were studied in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the substantia nigra. 2. Although PLG alone was found to be ineffective at inducing rotation in these animals, pretreatment with PLG at various doses was found to enhance both amphetamine and apomorphine-induced rotation. 3. This response proved to be biphasic with loss of activity in the higher dose ranges. 4. The pattern of effects observed suggests that PLG may act postsynaptically at a non-striatal site.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1982

Effects of extradural analgesia and vagal blockade on the metabolic and endocrine response to upper abdominal surgery.

The effect of thoracic extradural analgesia and vagal blockade on the metabolic and endocrine responses to cholecystectomy was investigated. In comparison with a control group of patients, extradural analgesia and vagal blockade abolished the glycaemic response but had no effect on the increase in plasma cortisol. Circulating insulin values were significantly decreased in the extradural group of patients, confirming the importance of autonomic innervation in maintaining basal insulin output. there is, at present, no satisfactory local analgesic technique for controlling the endocrine response to upper abdominal surgery.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1982

Continuous intravenous infusion of disoprofol (ICI 35868, Diprivan). Comparison with Althesin to cover surgery under local analgesia.

Disoprofol has been used to induce and, by continuous infusion, to maintain a light level of general anaesthesia in 100 patients undergoing surgery with the aid of a regional block. Its effects have been compared with 100 patients anaesthetised in a similar manner with Althesin. Disoprofol proved to be a very satisfactory agent for use by this method and apart from an appreciable incidence of pain on injection the number of complications was small and comparable to those found with Althesin, which caused more involuntary movements. Recovery was particularly rapid and clear-headed following disoprofol, and occurred highly significantly more quickly than after Althesin. Disoprofol, however, will not be marketed in the present formulation which has Cremophor EL as the solubilising agent.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed1982

Endocrine and therapeutic effects of aminoglutethimide in premenopausal patients with breast cancer.

Aminoglutethimide in combination with hydrocortisone provides an effective therapy in postmenopausal advanced breast cancer patients, with response rates of 37.5--50% having been found. Treatment with aminoglutethimide of only four premenopausal breast cancer patients has been reported in which two patients responded. The clinical and endocrine effects of 1000 mg aminoglutethimide daily and 20 mg hydrocortisone twice daily were studied in 18 premenopausal patients with breast cancer. Eight patients developed menstrual abnormalities, but there were no objective tumor responses in the 14 patients with assessable disease. Adrenal suppression was produced in all patients, with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels suppressed to 20% of baseline values. Estrone and estradiol levels were not suppressed into the postmenopausal range. However, the therapeutic regime resulted in suppression of estrogen peaks after Pergonal administration, thus demonstrating a partial block of ovarian estrogen synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Tamoxifen versus aminoglutethimide versus combined tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide in the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma.

In a control randomized cross-over trial, 117 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated initially either with tamoxifen (10 mg p.o. twice daily) or aminoglutethimide (250 mg p.o. 4 times daily) with hydrocortisone (20 mg twice daily). Patients failing to respond or relapsing were switched to the alternative treatment. Eighteen (30%) of the 60 patients initially treated with tamoxifen achieved an objective response, and 11 (18%) achieved stable disease. Seventeen (30%) of the 57 patients treated initially with aminoglutethimide achieved an objective response, and 13 (23%) achieved stable disease. Aminoglutethimide achieved a 35% objective response and a further 26% subjective bone pain relief in patients with bone metastases (overall, 61%) compared with a 17% objective response and a further 17% objective bone pain relief with tamoxifen (total, 34%). None of six premenopausal patients responded to aminoglutethimide compared with two of four responding to tamoxifen. The median response duration to aminoglutethimide was 16 months compared with 20 months for tamoxifen. Side effects for aminoglutethimide (including lethargy, rash, and depression) were more common than for tamoxifen, and 7% of aminoglutethimide-treated patients had to discontinue treatment because of these compared with 0% on tamoxifen. In cross-over studies, 6 of 12 tamoxifen responders who relapsed achieved a second response to aminoglutethimide (50%), as did 6 of 29 patients who initially failed to respond to tamoxifen (21%). In contrast, none of 11 patients relapsing after response to aminoglutethimide achieved a second response to tamoxifen; only 1 of 18 nonresponders to aminoglutethimide subsequently responded to tamoxifen (6%). In a subsequent study in which 62 patients were treated with combined tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide, the overall response rate of 37% was not significantly better than that for either agent used alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Tamoxifen versus aminoglutethimide in advanced breast carcinoma: a randomized cross-over trial.

Altogether 117 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with either tamoxifen 10 mg by mouth twice daily or aminoglutethimide 250 mg by mouth four times daily with hydrocortisone 20 mg twice daily in a randomised cross-over trial in which patients who failed to respond to the first treatment or relapsed while receiving it were switched to the other. Eighteen (30%) out of 60 patients initially treated with tamoxifen achieved an objective response and 11 (18%) showed stable disease. Seventeen (30%) out of 57 patients treated initially with aminoglutethimide achieved an objective response and 13 (23%) achieved stable disease. Objective responses in bone metastases were achieved more commonly with aminoglutethimide (11 patients (35%)) than with tamoxifen (five (17%)). The predicted median duration of response for tamoxifen was 15 months and for aminoglutethimide over 15 months (no significant difference). Five (15%) out of 34 patients who failed to respond to tamoxifen and four out of six patients who relapsed after responding to tamoxifen subsequently responded to aminoglutethimide. In contrast, only two (6%) out of 31 patients who failed to respond to aminoglutethimide and none out of four patients who relapsed while receiving aminoglutethimide subsequently responded to tamoxifen. The main side effects occurring in the 97 patients who received aminoglutethimide as first- or second-line treatment were lethargy and drowsiness (36 patients) and rash (29); seven patients had to stop treatment because of side effects. In contrast, side effects were rare and mild with tamoxifen and no patient had to stop treatment because of them. Both tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide appeared from this study to be equally effective in the medical endocrine treatment of advanced breast cancer.

Adult↗