Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Mondain

Publications and source records attributed to M Mondain.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Monitoring eustachian tube opening: preliminary results in normal subjects.

Sonometry studies the changes of sound intensities induced by the eustachian tube opening in the external meatus when a constant sound is applied in the nasal cavity. The function of the eustachian tube is not disturbed by the test procedure. An original portable device with a high signal-to-noise ratio has been developed in our lab. This device was able to detect a 6-dB sound pressure level (SPL) signal in a 100-dB SPL noise. Long-duration recordings of auditory tubal openings could be performed. This work presents the data found in normal subjects. One hundred twenty healthy ears were recorded. Eustachian tube openings were detected in 62.5% of the cases. Of the 1777 openings recorded, the average opening duration was 430 ms +/- 183 ms. The average number of eustachian tube openings was 21.7+/-16.4 (for 15 minutes). All swallowing did not necessary open the eustachian tube. This work shows that this new device allows long-duration recording of eustachian tube function in everyday life conditions.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

Myeloperoxidase and interleukin-8 levels in chronic sinusitis.

We have recently phenotyped inflammation in non-infectious allergic and non-allergic chronic maxillary sinusitis using sinus biopsies and lavage fluids. In this first paper, we have concentrated our work on the eosinophil, T cell, mast cell and macrophage infiltrates. However, many unresolved questions remain and particularly the role of neutrophils needed to be addressed. In the present study, we focused on the neutrophilic inflammation: myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured by immunoassays and neutrophils were enumerated by conventional staining in the sinus lavage fluids of 16 patients with chronic sinusitis and six control subjects. Both MPO and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.01 and 0.005, respectively). There was a significant correlation between MPO levels and neutrophil numbers, and between MPO and IL-8 levels in the sinus lavage fluid (P < 0.0001, Spearman rank correlation). The presence of high levels of IL-8 in the lavage fluids of patients suffering from chronic sinusitis, levels which correlate with those of MPO, suggests that this cytokine may activate neutrophils in this chronic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Speech-perception performance in prelingually deafened French children using the nucleus multichannel cochlear implant.

PURPOSE: The speech-perception abilities of 36 French children, whose onset of deafness occurred before 2 years of age, was longitudinally examined after they received a Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. METHODS: Speech perception was assessed in four areas: phoneme detection, closed-set word and sentence recognition; and modified open-set recognition. RESULTS: All children achieved phoneme detection by 3 months after implantation. Closed-set word and sentence recognition appeared initially less accurate in children with congenital deafness than in the prelingually deafened children; however, these differences disappeared by 18 months after implantation. Some modified open-set recognition was evident by 12 months after implantation and continued to improve 3 years after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Data demonstrate significant improvements in speech perception with implant experience: 15 (60%) of 25 of the children identified sentences in closed sets, 22 (88%) of 25 identified words in closed sets after 12 months' experience, and 13 (81%) of 16 demonstrated open-set recognition after 24 months of implant use.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[Aberrant intra-petrous internal carotid artery: apropos of a case].

This article illustrates a case of an aberrant pathway of the petrous portion of an internal carotid artery presenting as a cholesteatoma. This is a case of a 53 y.o man presenting with unilateral otalgia and vertigo. Otoscopic examination revealed a whitish retro-tympanic mass accompanied by a conduction hearing loss mimicking a cholesteatoma. An exploratory tympanotomy was performed. The surgical procedure was interrupted after needle aspiration of the mass suggesting an aberrant course of the petrous portion of the internal carotid artery. Authors report a review of the literature with an emphasis on the differential diagnosis, clinical and paraclinical diagnostic work-up. A thorough knowledge of this anomaly is required to avoid an iatrogenic risk during any otological surgery.

Carotid Artery, Internal↗
PubMed1995

Stimulation of dispersed nasal polyp cells by hyperosmolar solutions.

It has been suggested that hyperosmolarity may be one of the stimuli that provoke exercise-induced asthma and rhinitis. We investigated whether changes in osmolarity could result in increased levels of mediator release from nasal cells. Cells were dispersed from nasal polyps by enzymatic digestion and were incubated for 15 minutes with solutions of varying osmolarity obtained by the addition of mannitol to Hanks' balanced salt solution. After incubation was performed, cell supernatants were removed, and the release of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, prostaglandin2 leukotriene B4, and fibronectin was measured. Lactate dehydrogenase was measured to assess cell viability. Epithelial cells made up 40% to 60% of cells and mononuclear cells 40% to 65%. At 900 mOsm/kg H2O, which has been suggested as the osmolarity of the fluid lining the airways during exercise, we observed a significant increase (Wilcoxon W test) in the release of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (p < 0.008), leukotriene B4 (p < 0.008), and prostaglandin2 (p < 0.008), but no significant increase in the release of fibronectin was seen. No significant increase was seen between lactate dehydrogenase and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid release, suggesting that the increase in mediator levels was not caused by cell death. These results show that hyperosmolar solutions can induce activation of nasal cells, which may at least partly explain rhinitis caused by exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Inhibitory activity of loratadine and descarboethoxyloratadine on expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR by nasal epithelial cells.

Nasal epithelial cells represent the first barrier against noxious agents and allergens. In allergic rhinitis, these cells are activated and histamine may be involved in this activation. Loratadine and one of its active metabolites, descarboethoxyloratadine, were studied for their ability to reduce the activation of nasal epithelial cells by histamine. Nasal turbinates or polyps were removed during surgery from 19 subjects, and nasal epithelial cells were recovered after enzymatic digestion. The in vitro activation of epithelial cells with histamine using an optimal dose (1 microM) and an optimal time (24 h) of incubation was studied, and the effect of loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine (10 microM) was investigated. The expression of membrane markers (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and a human leukocyte class II antigen (HLA-DR) was assessed by immunocytochemical analysis using an alkaline-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) system. The spontaneous expression of both markers was not significantly different in cells recovered from nasal turbinates or polyps, and there was a highly significant increase in the numbers of cells expressing ICAM-1 and HLA-DR following incubation with histamine. Loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine significantly blocked these effects. This study shows a new possible antiallergic effect of H1-blockers and suggests that their effects on epithelial cells may be relevant in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor are induced in guinea-pig tympanic membrane following traumatic perforation.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF-2) have been shown to enhance the healing of traumatic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations. The action of EGF and bFGF in the TM repair process remains unknown. This study was designed to determine the expression of EGF and bFGF in normal and injured TM by immunohistochemistry. EGF was detected in normal TM mainly in the annulus tympani area. After a perforation in the TM posterior/superior quadrant, EGF was detected around the perforated area in polynuclear cells, in pericytes and in basal epithelial cells. EGF was also detected in the antero/superior quadrant in basal epithelial cells and pericytes. The peak of EGF detection was observed 3 days after the perforation. bFGF was not detected in normal TM, but it was expressed 3 days after a traumatic perforation mainly in the perforated area in pericytes and in polynuclear cells. This study suggests that EGF and bFGF are involved in the control of TM acute perforation repair. These findings help to explain the accelerated healing of TM perforations that are seen after application of FGF or EGF, and suggest that antibodies against these growth factors would retard the healing process.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tympanic membrane regeneration and growth factors.

Recent experiments have shown the healing potential of growth factors in tissue repair. Epidermal interference and fibroblast growth factors in the healing of acute and chronic tympanic membrane perforations are reviewed and discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Sphenochoanal polyp in children. Diagnosis and treatment.

Two cases of sphenochoanal polyp (SCP) in children are reported. SCPs originate in the sphenoid sinus cavity, and extend into the choanal via the ostium. Symptoms associated with the syndrome include nasal blockage and headaches. Endoscopical examination reveals the presence of a choanal polyp, and the sphenoid origin of the polyp can be determined by CT scan. In cases where the middle meatus is obstructed, an opacity of the maxillary sinus is often observed. SCPs cannot be distinguished from antrochoanal polyp (ACP) by histological means. The treatment of the SCPs involves surgical removal and enlargement of the sphenoid sinus ostium. Ignorance surrounding the existence and the treatment of this syndrome may result in insufficient treatment and the consequent recurrence of the disorder.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of inflammation in noninfectious chronic maxillary sinusitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pathologic examination of the sinus mucosa and titration of inflammatory mediators in the sinus fluid were carried out to characterize inflammation in chronic sinusitis and determine whether patients with chronic allergic rhinitis (CAR) and sinusitis differ from patients with chronic nonallergic rhinitis (CNAR) and sinusitis. METHODS: Nine control subjects (patients requiring ear, nose, and throat surgery not related to sinusitis), 12 patients with CAR and sinusitis, and 13 patients with CNAR and sinusitis were investigated. Eosinophil cationic protein, tryptase, myeloperoxidase, histamine, and prostaglandin D2 were measured in the sinus lavage fluids, and cells were enumerated. The cellular infiltrate was studied by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against eosinophil cationic protein (eosinophils), tryptase (mast cells), neutrophil elastase (neutrophils), CD3 (lymphocytes), CD68 (macrophages), and proliferating cell nuclear antigens. RESULTS: Neutrophils were not increased in sinusitis. In comparison with control subjects, patients with CAR and CNAR with sinusitis showed significant increases in eosinophils and macrophages in biopsy specimens and in eosinophil cationic protein in sinus lavage fluids. In comparison with patients with CNAR, patients with CAR had an increased number of intraepithelial mast cells and lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that patients with CNAR and sinusitis can be distinguished from patients with CAR and sinusitis, which resembles nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Subtotal laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy. Carcinologic results and early functional follow-up. Apropos of 49 cases].

Forty-three patients underwent a subtotal laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy and neck dissection. The 5 years overall survival rate was 67%, the actuarial survival rate was 75%. The 5-year actuarial local control and nodal control rate were namely 89% and 90%. Pronostic factors for survival were tumor size (5-year actuarial survival rate for T2a, T2b and T3 were namely 89%, 72%, 48%) and node involvement (5 years actuarial survival rate was 85% if N-, and 46% if N+). The median duration was 22 days for decanulation, 30 days for removing the feeding tube. The median hospital discharge day was 38. Total laryngectomy was performed in one case (2.3%) for persistent aspiration. Post operative mortality was 0%. The most common complication was aspiration pneumoniae (11.6% of the cases).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Histological study of the healing of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation after basic fibroblast growth factor application.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. These cells are involved during the healing of tympanic membrane (TM) perforations. Light and electron microscopy examinations were used to study the histology of TM healing after application of 400 ng of bFGF on the perforation. The progress of healing is accelerated, but the basic healing process is unchanged, i.e., epithelial proliferation first closes the perforation and is then followed by connective tissue growth. There is more connective tissue in the TM receiving bFGF, and extracellular fibers are better oriented. No significant increase of neoangiogenesis was detected in the treated TM. In the nonperforated area of treated TM, an extensive hyperplasia of the submucosal connective tissue is observed. These results demonstrate that bFGF can produce a TM scar containing more connective tissue, which may be of benefit in the prevention of atrophic healed TM.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Calibration of laryngotracheal stenoses using a Montgomery tube: indications and results].

Montgomery T-tube is a stent which have been used to calibrate 54 patients having a laryngotracheal stenosis. Indications, insertion techniques, and care of tracheal T-tube are exposed. More than fifty percent of the patients (29 cases) were treated only with the T-tube, the mean duration of treatment was 13 months, and the mean number of tube changing was 2.3. Few complications were observed (recurrent lung infections in 11.1% of cases, swallowing troubles with aspiration in 3.7% of cases). No fatal complication was observed. In our experience, Montgomery T-tube is a valuable tool to treat laryngotracheal stenosis.

Adolescent↗