Biomedical subjects

M Mogi

Publications and source records attributed to M Mogi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-alpha levels are elevated in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in juvenile parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease.

Interleukin (IL)-1 beta , IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha were measured for the first time in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (VCSF) from control non-parkinsonian patients, patients with juvenile parkinsonism (JP) and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) by highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassays. All cytokines were detectable in VCSF from control and parkinsonian patients, and the concentrations were much higher than those in lumbar CFS. The concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4 and TGF-alpha in VCSF were higher in JP than those in controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6 in VCSF from patients with PD were higher than those from control patients (P < 0.05). These results agree with our previous reports, in which the cytokine levels were elevated in the striatal dopaminergic region of the brain from patients with PD. Since VCSF is produced in the ventricles, the alteration of cytokines in VCSF may reflect the changes of cytokines in the brain. Because cytokines play an important role as mitogens and neurotrophic factors in the brain, the increases in cytokines as a compensatory response may occur in the brain of patients of JP or PD during the progress of neurodegeneration. Increase in cytokines may contribute not only as a compensatory response but as a primary initiating trigger for the neurodegeneration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Interleukin-2 but not basic fibroblast growth factor is elevated in parkinsonian brain. Short communication.

The contents of interleukin (IL)-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were measured in the brain (caudate nucleus, putamen, and cerebral cortex) from control and parkinsonian patients by highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentrations of IL-2 in the brain were in the order of pg/mg protein, and the values were significantly higher in the caudate and putamen from parkinsonian patients than those from control patients. However, the levels of IL-2 in the cerebral cortex showed no significant difference between parkinsonian and control patients. In contrast to IL-2, the bFGF levels in the brain were high and in the order of ng/mg protein, and there was no significant difference in the caudate and putamen between parkinsonian and control patients. Although both IL-2 and bFGF may play important roles in dopaminergic neurons as neurotrophic factors, IL-2 but not bFGF may relate to the compensatory response in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic regions in parkinsonian brain during progress of neurodegeneration.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Inhibition by streptococcal immunopotentiator OK432 of lymph-node metastasis in hamster cheek-pouch carcinoma with enhancement of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in serum.

A well-known metastic model of human oral cancer employs 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) to induce hamster cheek-pouch carcinoma. Streptococcal immunopotentiator OK432 was studied here for its inhibitory effect on lymph-node metastasis in that model. The intraperitoneal administration of OK432, after excision of cheek-pouch tumours induced by DMBA, resulted in a marked reduction in the incidence of cervical lymph-node metastasis to 7%, a significant decrease beneath the rates observed for control animals not receiving OK432 (40%). OK432 also caused an increased in serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in tumor-bearing hamsters. These results suggest that the immune response may play an important part in the antimetastatic effects of OK432.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗

PubMed1996

Increase of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement.

The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in human gingival crevicular fluid, and to investigate changes during orthodontic tooth movement. Twelve patients (mean age, 14.4 yr) participated. An upper canine of each patient having one treatment for distal movement served as the experimental tooth; the contralateral and antagonistic canines were used as controls. The gingival crevicular fluid around the experimental and two control teeth was taken from each participant immediately before activation, and at 1, 24 and 168 h after the initiation of tooth movement. TGF-beta 1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The concentration of TGF-beta 1 was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the controls at 24 h after the experiment had begun, whereas TGF-beta 1 remained at baseline throughout the experiment for the two control groups. The presence of TGF-beta 1 in the gingival crevicular fluid was also identified by Western blot analysis. These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 is associated with the bone remodelling that occurs during orthodontic tooth movement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Occurrence of Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Halmahela villages, Indonesia.

Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. mosquitoes breeding in containers in and around human houses were surveyed in Halmahela villages, the North Moluccas, Indonesia. Adults reared from larvae found in containers and those reared from eggs collected by ovitraps revealed the dominance of Aedes scutellaris (Walker) in residential areas. Breeding of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was confirmed in a few coastal villages with high human densities.

Aedes↗

PubMed1996

Inter- and intraspecific variation in resistance to desiccation by adult Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Indonesia.

Desiccation survival times of adult mosquitoes were studied for yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.) (6 strains), Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus (Skuse) (5 strains), and Ae. paullusi Stone & Farmer (1 strain) colonized from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. At both 90 and 70% RH, Ae. aegypti males and females outlived the other species. The forest species Ae. paullusi was least resistant to desiccation. Strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from urban areas were more resistant to desiccation than conspecific strains from rural villages. When water was accessible, Ae. albopictus females outlived Ae. aegypti females, indicating that death from deprivation of water was not a result of energy depletion. Ae. aegypti was largest in body size, followed by Ae. albopictus and Ae. paullusi. Among strains within species, the relationship between body size and survival time was significant only for Ae. aegypti females at 70% RH. Adult desiccation resistance may be a factor that influences distribution and abundance of Aedes (Stegomyia) species.

Aedes↗

PubMed1996

Overwintering strategies of mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) on warmer islands may predict impact of global warming on Kyushu, Japan.

Mosquito overwintering was studied on Tanegashima and Yakushima, islands south of Kyushu, to predict the impact of global warming on northern Kyushu where mosquitoes overwinter in diapause. On Tanegashima and Yakushima, the following 5 types of overwintering strategies were recognized: (1) continued reproduction without diapause (2 Anopheles spp., 2 Culex spp., 2 Aedes spp.); (2) diapausing female adults but a few adults from late-developing larvae may emerge in midwinter (2 Anopheles spp. and 9 culex spp.); (3) diapausing eggs but a few adults may emerge in midwinter (5 Aedes spp.); (4) diapausing larvae (1 Orthopodomyia sp., 1 Aedes sp., 1 Armigeres sp., 1 Uranotaenia sp., 1 Toxorhynchites sp.); and (5) diapausing eggs and larvae (1 Tripteroides sp.). Few females of 4 aedine species were collected while seeking hosts in midwinter, but neither larvae nor adults of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles or southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, were found during this survey. The 5 degrees C increase in the midwinter mean temperature in northern Kyushu probably will not produce serious mosquito problems directly, but the proximity of the subtropical regions may have significant effects through dispersal of adult mosquitoes.

Aedes↗

PubMed1996

Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor, and beta 2-microglobulin levels are elevated in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement.

Bone remodeling is a complex process regulated by several mediators. Recent work has revealed that cytokines and growth factors have significant effects on bone cell metabolism. However, little information is available concerning the production of cytokines during orthodontic tooth movement in human subjects, and there is no non-invasive model for determining the production of cytokines. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the various cytokines in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and to investigate the changes in their levels during orthodontic tooth movement. Twelve patients (mean age, 14.4 years) were used as subjects. An upper canine of each patient having one treatment for distal movement served as the experimental tooth, whereas the contralateral and antagonistic canines were used as controls. The GCF around the experimental and the two control teeth was taken from each subject immediately before activation, and at 1, 24, and 168 hr after the initiation of tooth movement. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISAs. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor, and beta 2-microglobulin were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the controls at 24 hr after the experiment was initiated. All the cytokines remained at baseline levels throughout the experiment for the two control groups. In contrast to cytokine alteration, the amount of total protein in the GCF exhibited a gradual increase, but no significant difference was observed between the control and experimental groups. Since all cytokines in GCF play an important role in the bone remodeling processes in vitro, the present results indicate that the changes in cytokines in GCF are associated with orthodontic tooth movement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Physical and biological attributes of water channels utilized by Culex pipiens pallens immatures in Saga City, southwest Japan.

Physical and biological attributes of water channels utilized by immatures of Culex pipiens pallens were studied in Saga City, Japan. Water in mosquito-productive segments generally was stagnant or slowly running (mean < 5 cm/sec), with low and fluctuating dissolved oxygen concentrations and high electric conductivity. Water flow > 20 cm/sec was considered necessary for prevention of mosquito breeding. The aquatic fauna in mosquito-productive segments was composed of taxa tolerable to polluted water. Adult Odonata were more diverse in segments with emergent vegetation irrespective of physical attributes of channel water. Fish diversity was higher in mosquito-free segments. Twenty-three fish species were confirmed in the creek networks. Temporary flooding did not flush mosquito immatures from mosquito-productive segments, indicating the high stability of those segments as mosquito immature habitats.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[What can we do for cancer patients with pain to go home].

When patients suffering from cancer pain wish to stay at home, the most important condition is to relieve the cancer pain. But it is not enough; decreasing the fear of pain is another important problem. From these viewpoints, we have tried to assist these patients to go home. In this paper we report two cases of 61-year-old and 57-year-old women with severe leg pain caused by pelvic recurrence of cancer of the uterus and rectum. At first, we needed high doses of morphine by intravenous administration all day long. To control their mental condition, we talked personally with them to understand their distress and asked them to put in writing anything about their anxiety in a special notebook. After that, we advised them on how to use anodyne, how to deal with side effects of the drugs and how to use various social services in their home. Then, after their cancer pain was controlled by radiotherapy and appropriate anodyne, they overcame their anxiety and at last they could go home.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1996

Possible Culex pipiens pallens control by improvement of flow rates in water channels of Saga City, southwest Japan.

Water levels and flow rates (no. censuses with flow/no. censuses per year) were analyzed for 208 mosquito-productive and 422 mosquito-free channel segments during 1986-88 in Saga City, southwest Japan. Mean water levels tended to be higher at mosquito-free segments than at mosquito-productive segments, but the differences were < 5 cm and usually not significant. Flow rates exceeded 80% at 60-67% of mosquito-free segments. In contrast, flow rates were < 20% at 49-62% of mosquito-productive segments. Expected flow speeds at cement-lined segments exceeded 20 cm/sec (a flow speed required for mosquito control) for water levels of > 15 cm. Most mosquito-productive segments had mean water levels of > 15 cm, indicating that water stagnancy at those segments was due not to low water levels but to their structure. Engineering is necessary to yield flow speeds high enough to prevent mosquito breeding at mosquito-productive segments. Alternatively, engineering to prevent wastewater discharge into open channels may improve water quality, leading to mosquito suppression through colonization of larvivorous predators.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Differential expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor during postnatal development of rat submandibular gland.

The concentration and the localization of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of male Wistar rats of different ages (postnatal 0 to 10 weeks of age) were examined. Highest levels of TGF-alpha were seen early, at postnatal day 0; the levels dropped thereafter in an age-dependent manner, while EGF was not detectable before the third postnatal week. Immunoreactive localization of EGF was restricted to the granules of the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells in the mature SMGs, whereas TGF-alpha was observed throughout postnatal development over the entire duct system. TGF-alpha was demonstrated in the cytoplasm at early stages when the GCT granules were not observed and was also located on the granules at the late stage, as was the case for EGF, indicating that TGF-alpha is colocated with EGF in the mature SMG. These results demonstrate the differences between the expression of TGF-alpha and that of EGF in the developing rat SMG.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1995

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 levels are elevated in the striatum and in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in Parkinson's disease.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 content was measured for the first time in the brain (caudate nucleus, putamen, and cerebral cortex) and in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (VCSF) from control and parkinsonian patients by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The concentrations of TGF-beta 1 were significantly higher in the dopaminergic striatal regions in parkinsonian patients than those in controls, but were not significantly different in the cerebral cortex between parkinsonian and control patients. Furthermore, the concentrations of TGF-beta 1 in VCSF were significantly higher in parkinsonian patients than those in non-parkinsonian control patients. Since TGF-beta 1 has potent regulatory activity on cell growth, these results suggest that TGF-beta 1 may have some significant modulatory role in the process of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Selective removal of immunoglobulin E from rat blood by membrane-immobilized antibody.

We examined the suitability of an immunoaffinity membrane [rabbit IgG specific for rat immunoglobulin E (IgE) immobilized on a cellulose membrane] for removing IgE from rat blood passed through a simple extracorporeal circulatory system. To determine the concentration of IgE in the blood, we also developed a highly sensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for rat IgE. The IgE levels in the outlet blood from the immunoaffinity membrane module decreased to 30% of the initial concentration within 30 min.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Brain beta 2-microglobulin levels are elevated in the striatum in Parkinson's disease.

beta 2-Microglobulin (B2-MG) content was measured for the first time in the brain (caudate nucleus, putamen, and cerebral cortex) from control and parkinsonian patients by a highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The concentrations of B2-MG in dopaminergic striatal regions were significantly higher in parkinsonian patients than those in controls, whereas those in the cerebral cortex showed no significant difference between parkinsonian and control subjects. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations were also increased in the striatum, confirming our previous findings, but not in the cerebral cortex. Since TNF-alpha may induce B2-MG expression, these results suggest that an immunological response may occur in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic regions in Parkinson's disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Salivary beta 2-microglobulin in NZB/WF1 mice.

Unstimulated parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva from New Zealand black/WF1 (NZB/WF1) mice as collected by microcapillary (1 microliter), and the content of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) determined by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Salivary beta 2-MG contents of control C57BL/6 and NZB/WF1 mice (45 weeks of age) were 0.68 +/- 0.18 micrograms/ml and 1.42 +/- 0.21 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD), respectively, from the parotid gland and 0.62 +/- 0.17 micrograms/ml and 1.34 +/- 0.21 microliters/ml, respectively, from the submandibular sublingual glands. However, the concentration of beta 2-MG was not increased in the NZB/WF1 mice at 5 and 20 weeks of age. Saliva from NZB/WF1 mice (45 weeks old) was fractionated by micro two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; it exhibited both qualitative and quantitative changes in protein composition in comparison to the two-dimensional at 5 weeks of age. These observations parallel those in saliva from patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1995

Transforming growth factor-alpha in human submandibular gland and saliva.

A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) utilizing a polyclonal antibody that recognizes limited epitopes of both human TGF-alpha and rat TGF-alpha in combination with a monoclonal anti-TGF-alpha IgG1 galactosidase conjugate was developed. This assay shows no cross-reactivity with human epidermal growth factor. We can quantify the TGF-alpha level in not only human TGF-alpha (detection limit: 1 pg/ml), but also rat TGF-alpha (detection limit: 10 pg/ml) by virtue of cross-reactivity. Employing this assay system, we demonstrated that TGF-alpha is present in both human submandibular glands and submandibular/sublingual saliva.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Geographic variation in the expression of autogeny in Aedes togoi (Diptera: Culicidae) under different temperature and photoperiod conditions.

Larval developmental time, adult size, and the expression of autogeny were studied in eight populations of Aedes togoi (Theobald) originating from 4.8 degrees N to 49.2 degrees N under four experimental conditions of temperature and photoperiod (20 degrees C and 10:14 [L:D] h; 20, 25, 30 degrees C and 16:8 [L:D] h). Larval developmental time and adult scutum length decreased as a function of increasing rearing temperature. In northern populations at 20 degrees C, larval developmental time was shorter in short-day than in long-day conditions. Females of tropical and subarctic populations remained autogenous under different conditions and produced many autogenous eggs in the first batch. In subtropical and temperate populations, the percentage of autogenous females varied from 0 to 100%, being highest at low temperature and short-day condition. A correlation analysis of population traits indicated that the autogeny rate was correlated positively with larval developmental time and the number of eggs per autogenous female. The life-history traits did not show a simple clinal gradient over mean annual temperature of the locality of origin, except that adult scutum length decreased with an increase in mean temperature. A principal components analysis for female life-history traits revealed a continuous latitudinal change from temperate to tropical populations; populations at low latitudes were small in adult size and more autogenous. Subarctic populations showed a departure from this trend, having large adult size but high autogeny rate.

Aedes↗