Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Mochizuki

Publications and source records attributed to M Mochizuki.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effect of retained placenta on subsequent bacteriological and cytological intrauterine environment and reproduction in Holstein dairy cows.

To determine the effect of retained placenta on the characteristics of the intrauterine environment in dairy cows, bacteriological and cytological tests were performed on intrauterine perfusion fluid. The rate of cows with more than 70% neutrophils or fewer than 40% lymphocytes in inflammatory cells was 48.0% (12/25), while the rate and with more than 50 bacterial colonies/0.1 ml of perfusate was 96.0% (24/25) at 30 d after parturition. Actinomyces pyogenes was isolated from 56.0% (14/25). At 60 d after parturition, however, these values were significantly improved to 20.0% (5/25), 48.0% (12/25) and 12.0% (3/25), respectively. No significant differences in subsequent reproductive performance were observed between cows with and without retained placenta. The results suggest that injury to the intrauterine environment caused by retained placenta is largely healed by 60 d after parturition.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Characteristics of T cell lines established from skin lesions of Behçet's disease.

Hypersensitivity to a streptococcal antigen is postulated to be the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease. We analyzed T lymphocyte-phenotypes infiltrated in cutaneous pustular lesions in Behçet's disease and found that CD4+ T cells were predominant components although CD8+ T cells were also present in the lesion. In addition, we established T cell lines from pustular lesions of the four patients with a streptococcal antigen, KTH-1. Two of the cell lines showed the cell surface markers of CD8+TCR alpha beta +, and expressed mRNAs for interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and perforin. Two other T cell lines expressed the cell surface markers for CD4+TCR alpha beta +. Cytokine expression pattern of the two CD4+ T cell lines revealed that one is Th1 type and the other is Th2 type. The Th2 type cell line showed marked proliferation with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that the self-reactive T cells play some role on the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Non-restricted T cell receptor (TCR)-V alpha and -V beta gene usage in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by the pronounced accumulation of CD4+ T cells and macrophages in the affected organs. TCR variable (V) alpha and V beta gene usage in patients with sarcoidosis is still a matter of discussion. In this investigation, we analysed TCR-V alpha and -V beta gene usage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 30 patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis using an adapter ligation method, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) analyses. There was no significant difference in TCR-V alpha or -V beta gene usage between BALF (n = 12) or PBMC (n = 27) of patients and PBMC of healthy subjects (n = 10). Neither selective TCR-V alpha nor -V beta expansion was observed in the paired BALF and PBMC from seven of nine patients. However, selective expansions were observed in a few TCR-V alpha or -V beta subsets in the BALF or PBMC of some individuals. Although a modest increase in a few TCR-V alpha or -V beta subsets was observed in the BALF or PBMC of some individuals, the increased TCR-V alpha or -V beta subsets were not closely associated with the HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, and DPB1 alleles of these patients. These results suggest that TCR-V alpha or -V beta gene usage is not restricted in both lung and peripheral blood in the majority of patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 can infect primary rat retinal glial cells and induce gene expression of inflammatory cytokines.

PURPOSE: To examine whether or not retinal glial cells can be infected by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and test the possibility that HTLV-1-infected retinal glial cells are involved in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 uveitis (HU). METHODS: We tested infection of HTLV-1 by a standard coculturing method using WKAH rat retinal glial cells and irradiated MT-2, a human T cell line that produces HTLV-1. Infection was confirmed by detecting the integrated HTLV-1 provirus, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), viral gene expression, using reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and HTLV-1 p19 ELISA, and by identifying the HTLV-1-infected glial cells by immunofluorescence cytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Changes in cytokine gene expression were studied by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Using a semiquantitative PCR of HTLV-1 provirus sequence, we found that 2.6% of the retinal glial cells were infected at 3 days after infection, followed by a gradual decrease in the percentage with an extended period of culture up to 4 weeks. This time course of infection was also verified by RT-PCR and ELISA studies that detect viral mRNA expression and protein production, respectively. Expression of HTLV-1 gag protein and tax mRNA was detected in a part of glial cells by indirect immunofluorescence cytochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. RT-PCR analysis of cytokine gene expression revealed that gene expression of IL-6, CINC-1 (Gro, KC), and TNF-alpha were induced in these cells, with a peak at 3 weeks after infection. CONCLUSION: These results provided supportive evidence for the theory that the infection of retinal glial cells by HTLV-1 and subsequent production of inflammatory cytokines could be one contributing factor for the development of the unique clinical features of HU. A better understanding of the specific roles of the inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of HU would be beneficial in the treatment and control of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Modulation of GABAC response by Ca2+ and other divalent cations in horizontal cells of the catfish retina.

GABAC responses were recorded in cultured cone-driven horizontal cells from the catfish retina using the patch clamp technique. At a holding potential of -49 mV, a bicuculline-resistant inward current (IGABA) was observed when 10 microM GABA was applied. The amplitude of IGABA increased as the extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) was increased. Concentration-response curves of IGABA at 2.5 and 10 mM -Ca2+-o had similar EC50 (3.0 and 3.1 microM) and Hill coefficients (1.54 and 1. 24). However, the maximal response estimated at 10 mM [Ca2+]o was larger than the maximal response at 2.5 mM [Ca2+]o. Increasing Ca influx through voltage-gated Ca channels and the resulting rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration had no effects on IGABA. However, IGABA was inhibited by extracellular divalent cations, with the following order of the inhibitory potency: Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+ > Co2+. The inhibitory action of Zn2+ on the [Ca2+]o-dependent IGABA increase was noncompetitive. The action of [Ca2+]o on IGABA was mimicked by Ba2+ or Sr2+. These results demonstrate that the extracellular domain of GABAC receptors has two functionally distinct binding sites represented by Ca2+ (facilitation) and Zn2+ (inhibition). Since [Ca2+]o and [Zn2+]o change into the opposite direction by light, it seems likely that they modify cooperatively the efficacy of the positive feedback consisting of the GABAC receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Replication of feline syncytial virus in feline T-lymphoblastoid cells and induction of apoptosis in the cells.

Feline syncytial virus (FSV) was isolated from feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells of FSV-seropositive cats. When the susceptibility of feline T-lymphocytes to FSV was examined using three strains of FSV, FSV antigens were detected in the FSV-infected T-lymphoblastoid cells. Further, a diversity of biological properties, including replication kinetics and syncytia formation, was noted among the strains, and condensation of chromatin and the fragmentation of cellular DNA were observed in the infected cells. From these data, we conclude that FSV is lymphotropic and can induce apoptosis in the lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Cystic pulmonary metastases of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus, mimicking lymphangiomyomatosis: a case report with immunohistochemistry of HMB45.

A case of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) showed cystic pulmonary metastases mimicking lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM). A 58-year-old female, who had undergone total hysterectomy for low-grade ESS 16 years previously, had repeated bouts of pneumothorax. Multiple thin-walled cysts in the peripheral lung were revealed by radiological examinations. In an open-lung biopsy specimen, cystic lesions were surrounded by layers of spindle-shaped cells of varying thickness that resembled LAM. However, in addition to subtle histologic differences from LAM, HMB45 (antimelanoma antibody) showed positive in LAM (n = 3), but was negative in ESS (n = 2) and the cystic lesions of this case. Using myogenic markers (desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin), metastatic ESS could be immunohistochemically differentiated from mesenchymal cystic hamartoma (n = 1). HMB45 immunohistochemistry is useful in the differential diagnosis of cystic pulmonary lesions.

Actins↗
PubMed1997

Isolation from diarrheal and asymptomatic kittens of three rotavirus strains that belong to the AU-1 genogroup of human rotaviruses.

A survey of 143 stool specimens collected during a 17-month period in Japan from diarrheal and asymptomatic kittens identified three rotavirus strains that were similar in their genomic RNA constellation to human rotavirus AU-1 (G3P3[9]), lending strong support to the view that rotaviruses belonging to the same genogroup are circulating in both the human and the feline population.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Structure and metabolic fate of N-nitrosodialkylamines in relation to their organotropic carcinogenicity with special reference to induction of urinary bladder tumors].

The metabolic fates of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) and N,N-dibutylnitrosamine (DBN) were investigated in the rat and other animal species, to elucidate a possible relationship between metabolism and organotropic carcinogenicity to the urinary bladder of these N-nitrosamines. The principal urinary metabolite of BBN as well as of DBN in the rat was N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN), which was demonstrated to be the active form of these compounds as bladder carcinogen. The species difference in response to BBN or DBN is discussed on the basis of the urinary excretion rate of BCPN. Metabolism in vivo and carcinogenicity of a number of BBN analogues were investigated in the rat and a general scheme for biotransformation of N-alkyl-N-(omega-hydroxyalkyl)nitrosamines is given. A possible correlation of structure and metabolism with organotropic carcinogenicity of BBN analogues is discussed, with special reference to selective induction of urinary bladder tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody specific to feline panleukopenia virus and mink enteritis virus.

To obtain monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) and mink enteritis virus (MEV), 15 hybridomas secreting MAbs against MEV-Abashiri were established and the properties of the MAbs were analyzed. The cross-reactivity of MAbs revealed that one MAb, P2-215 was specific for FPLV and MEV, whereas the remaining fourteen MAbs reacted with canine parvovirus (CPV), FPLV, and MEV. Epitope analyses using various CPV/MEV chimeric viruses revealed that the MAb P2-215 recognized the epitope comprised of amino acid 93-Lys in VP2, which is known to be FPLV and MEV-specific.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Antigenic and plaque variations of serotype II feline infectious peritonitis coronaviruses.

Three feline coronavirus (FCoV) isolates KUK-H, M91-266, and M91-267 were examined to elucidate their biological and antigenic properties as well as disease potential in cats. Immune stainings of virus-infected cells by using FCoV type-specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that their antigenic specificity was serotype II. However, antigenic variations among these serotype II FCoVs were detected by neutralization assay with hyperimmune antisera against FCoVs and canine coronaviruses, and with experimentally infected cat sera; there were two subtypes in serotype II FCoVs. The isolates efficiently grew in fcwf-4 cell culture showing lytic CPE enough to form distinct plaques: when measured 48 hr after infection, plaque sizes of both M91-266 and M91-267 were approximately 1 mm in diameter, and a mixture of small (less than 1 mm in diameter) and large (approximately 3 mm in diameter) plaques were produced in the case of KUK-H. Strains KUK-H, M91-266 and M91-267 produced feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in 50%, 67% and 89% of experimentally inoculated kittens, respectively. Furthermore, 80% of the kittens inoculated with the small plaque former of KUK-H developed FIP accompanied by more prominent clinical signs as well as pathological changes when compared with 28.6% of kittens inoculated with the large plaque former. These results suggest that serotype II FIPVs producing smaller size of plaques are more virulent than those producing larger size of plaques.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Identification of canine calicivirus capsid protein and its immunoreactivity in western blotting.

A canine calicivirus (CaCV) isolated in Japan, designated as CaCV No. 48 strain, was propagated in MDCK cells and purified by CsCl equilibrium gradient centrifugation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the purified samples revealed the presence of only one major species of viral protein of about 60 kilodaltons after Coomassie staining. The same band, presumably that of the capsid protein, was detected by western blotting using a mouse hyperimmune serum. This capsid protein was synthesized in MDCK cells as early as 2 hr post-inoculation. Experimental infection of dogs resulted in the production of anti-CaCV antibodies which were detected by microneutralization test and western blotting. Likewise, serosurvey revealed not only the presence of neutralizing antibodies but also reactivity of the field sera against the capsid protein of the purified virus. These results indicate that the capsid protein of CaCV No. 48 strain is immunogenic and could be detected by antibodies in western blotting.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on proliferation of canine mast cell tumor.

The inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on proliferation of canine mast cell tumor (MCT) was studied using two types of MCT cells; JuMC cells and LuMC cells derived from spontaneous canine cutaneous and intestinal MCT, respectively. In in vitro study, growth of JuMC cells was significantly inhibited with more than 1 nM GCs and apoptotic-like cell death was seen, while that of LuMC cells was never inhibited even with 10 microM GCs. Growth rate of masses in nude mice developed by inoculation of JuMC cells was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by administration of GC, while growth inhibition of masses developed by inoculation of LuMC cells was minimal with increasing GC doses. Competitive binding studies and Scatchard analysis demonstrated the presence of high-affinity, low capacity GC receptors in both JuMC and LuMC cells. Kd was estimated to be 1.30 nM in JuMC cells and 0.45 nM in LuMC cells, respectively. It is concluded that canine cutaneous MCT cells responded to GCs in vitro and in vivo, whereas intestinal MCT cells did not, though both types of cells had specific GC receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

CD8+ T lymphocyte counts as an adjunctive predictor of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

We encountered a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis with spontaneous regression in association with an increased number of CD8+ but not CD4+ T lymphocytes in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Thus, we examined the number of CD4 and CD8 counts at the diagnosis of CMV retinitis and compared with those of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). All 21 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PCP (22 episodes) and 14 CMV retinitis patients were included in this study. Although PCP occurred after depletion of CD4 count to below 200/microl, CD8 count at that time varied widely and remained normal in some patients (median: 276.5/microl, range: 133-900/microl). In contrast, as CMV retinitis occurred after further depletion of CD4 count to below 50/microl, CD8 count decreased to below 500/microl (median: 238/microl, range: 43-448/microl) (p<0.05; PCP vs CMV retinitis). The values of the sensitivity and specificity for CMV retinitis obtained at the cutoff point of either 400/microl in CD8 count and 50/microl in CD4 count were similar. When these two cutoff points were combined, the positive predictive value was 46%. Monitoring of CD8 count may prove valuable as an additional predictor of CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS after CD4 depletion.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Immunotherapy for Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease is an inflammatory disorder affecting many organs including the eye and one of the most common sight-threatening causes in countries around the Mediterranean basin and in the Asia including Japan, Korea and China. A number of clinical and laboratory findings suggest the significant involvement of the immune alterations in the pathophysiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of Behçet's disease. The immune alterations demonstrated in the disease include the alteration of the T cell circuitry and abnormal functions of the leukocyte. Because immunologic processes are believed to be in the chain of events in the manifestation of Behçet's disease, various agents capable of modulating the immune responses have been used to treat the disease. These drugs include corticosteroids, colchicine, cytotoxic agents, and immunophilin ligands (cyclosporine and FK506). This paper reviews the experimental and clinical investigations to analyze the immunopharmacological activities of these immunosuppressive agents in animal models and in patients with Behçet's disease.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1997

Immunologic and virologic characterization of the primary infiltrating cells in the aqueous humor of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 uveitis. Accumulation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1-infected cells and constitutive expression of viral and interleukin-6 messenger ribonucleic acids.

PURPOSE: To characterize immunologically and virologically the infiltrating cells in the aqueous humor of patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) uveitis (HU). METHODS: With their informed consent, patients had 0.1 ml of the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber collected with a needle under an operating microscope. An aliquot of the collected sample from patients without steroid therapy was examined by May-Giemsa staining and immunocytochemically. The presence of the HTLV-1-infected cells was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the gag and pol regions of the provirus genome. The population of the infected cells was compared by PCR testing the amplification of the virus genome from 60 cells, or determining the endpoint of successful amplification of the twofold dilution series of the samples, collected from the aqueous humor and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were obtained at the same time. Expression of viral and cytokine genes was studied by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). The interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in the aqueous humor of patients with HU and control subjects was measured by a high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: The number of the infiltrating cells ranged from 475 to 3563 (mean = 2111) per 0.1 ml of aqueous humor, and all the identifiable cells were lymphocytes. Most of them were CD3-positive T cells (mean = 78%), whereas CD4-positive cells constituted less than half (mean = 35.3%). HTLV-1 provirus was detected by PCR in the infiltrating cells of 36 of 38 patients with HU tested, whereas it was detected in 1 of 4 seropositive patients with other entities of uveitis. A higher population of the infected cells in the aqueous humor than in the PBMC was found in seven of nine patients with HU by two independent approaches. Expression of HTLV-1 env or pX genes or both was shown in all 12 patients with HU tested by RT-PCR. IL-6 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was detected by RT-PCR in 10 of these 12 patients, whereas those of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha were not, and that of interferon-gamma was detected in only 1 patient. The IL-6 level was elevated significantly in the aqueous humor of nine patients with HU compared with that of five control subjects (520.2 +/- 841 pg/ml versus 2.77 +/- 1.59 pg/ml, P < 0.01 by Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS: HU is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration with a predominance of T cells and by the presence and probable accumulation of HTLV-1-infected lymphocytes in the affected eye. Production of viral antigens and IL-6 by the infiltrating cells could be responsible for the development of HU.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Use of topical FK506 in a corneal graft rejection model in Lewis rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the immunosuppressive effect of topical FK506 on allograft corneal rejection in rats. METHODS: Lewis rats were used as recipients and Fisher rats as corneal graft donors. In Experiment 1, all rats received intraperitoneally FK506 (0.3 mg/kg per day) for 7 days to ensure equal baseline parameters. The rats then were assigned randomly to treatment with topical 0.3% FK506 or vehicle alone. In another set of experiments, rats were treated only with topical treatment. The grafts were inspected by clinical evaluation. Corneas obtained at the time of maximum rejection were used for histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The selected combination of rat strains caused 100% graft rejection in untreated animals within 2 weeks after the penetrating keratoplasty. In the treated animals, rejection was delayed until the end of topical therapy. One third of corneal grafts remained clear until day 30. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the clinical evaluations. Untreated rat corneas had a large number of infiltrating helper-inducer T cells, macrophages, interleukin-2 receptor-expressing cells, and Ia-antigen-expressing cells. At the same timepoint, topically treated corneas showed a limited inflammatory response characterized by a 2/3 reduction in the number of infiltrating helper and cytotoxic cells, and a five-fold decrease in the expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility antigens. CONCLUSIONS: Topical FK506 treatment is an effective way of preventing corneal graft rejection in the Lewis rat corneal graft model. It shows promise as a drug to prevent corneal graft rejection in humans.

Administration, Topical↗