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M Mochizuki

Publications and source records attributed to M Mochizuki.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 uveitis in children].

We report here five pediatric patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) uveitis. The patients were one boy and four girls aged between 3 and 14 years. The transmission route was considered to be breast feeding from their mothers. All patients had unilateral uveitis and the ocular symptoms were similar to those in HTLV-I uveitis in adults. The ocular inflammation responded to therapy with topical or systemic corticosteroids, but recurred in three patients. HTLV-I provirus DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from infiltrating cells in the anterior chamber in one patient. The percentage of HTLV-I-infected cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by quantitative PCR, and the values were high (2.9 approximately 7.3%) in three cases tested as compared with an asymptomatic carrier. These five cases show that HTLV-I uveitis can be induced in a relatively short period (3 approximately 10 years) after the viral infection, and that HTLV-I uveitis should be considered as one possible etiology of uveitis in children, particularly in a viral endemic area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

HTLV-1 uveitis (HU).

We reported HTLV-1 uveitis (HU) as the third distinct clinical entity associated with HTLV-1 infection. Uveitis has advantages for studying the pathogenetic mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by HTLV-1, since observation of the disease process is relatively easy and clinical samples from the lesion can be obtained. Results of our clinical, virological and epidemiological studies of HU patients will be first summarized. Then we present results on in vitro studies that showed transactivation of HTLV-1 LTR by thyroid hormone and discuss the significance in the context of pathogenesis of HTLV-1-related inflammatory diseases.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1996

Syringomyelia and hydrocephalus in a dog.

A 7-year-old spayed female Pomeranian with a 6-month history of progressive paraparesis was determined to have syringomyelia accompanied with hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly revealed severe syringomyelia in the cervical portion of the spinal cord, which was directly connected to the marked dilated fourth ventricle. Acetazolamide was prescribed for 3 weeks, but the neurologic deficits progressed. Laminectomy of the first and second vertebrae, which is one method of treating this type of syringomyelia in human beings, was performed, and then, acetazolamide was continued. The dog had partial amelioration, and further deterioration was not evident in the 12 months after surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Lack of mutagenicity of diethylstilbestrol metabolite and analog, (+/-)-indenestrols A and B, in bacterial assays.

Indenestrol A (IA), one of metabolites of the indanyl group of diethylstilbestrol, has a stronger binding affinity for the estrogen receptor and also a weaker uterotropic activity than endogenous estradiol. We tested the microbial mutagenicity of structural isomers of indenestrol A and indenestrol B (IB) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 and in Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA to investigate whether the interaction of diethylstilbestrol or IA with genomic DNA has any part in their carcinogenicity and other biological activities. In the absence of S9 mix, (+/-)-IA was cytotoxic at higher doses (1 and 10 mumol/plate), and both (+/-)-IA and (+/-)-IB were non-mutagenic at lower doses (0.1-100 nmol/plate). In the presence of S9 mix, (+/-)-IA was cytotoxic at higher doses (0.5 and 1 mumol/plate), and at the other doses, (+/-)-IA and (+/-)-IB did not show any distinct increase in revertants. Although (+/-)-IA and (+/-)-IB showed a slight increase in the revertants in strain TA100 by the preincubation method without S9 mix, these results were considered to be negative, because no reproducible dose-revertants relationship necessary for a chemical to be determined as mutagenic was obtained. The S9 fraction interacted with (+/-)-IA or (+/-)-IB enzymatically or non-enzymatically, and weakened its cytotoxicity, so that the toxic dose was higher in the presence of S9 mix than in its absence. Both the plate incorporation and preincubation methods were used with a wide range of concentrations of (+/-)-IA and (+/-)-IB in the present experiment. No clear positive mutagenic data were obtained. These results are the first reports on the mutation assays of (+/-)-IA and (+/-)-IB, and suggest that they were non-mutagenic towards the bacterial strains tested. The study revealed that the cytotoxic activity of (+/-)-IA and (+/-)-IB did not correlate with DNA interaction, but was the result of a direct effect on microtubule polymerization, although indenestrols are known to have strong binding affinities for estrogen receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The in vitro effects of chylomicron remnant and very low density lipoprotein remnant on platelet aggregation in blood obtained from healthy persons.

We investigated the in vitro influence of chylomicron (CM) remnant and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnant on platelet aggregation in healthy persons. The separation of CM and VLDL remnants from serum was performed using an immunoaffinity gel mixture containing anti apo B-100 and anti apo A-1 antibodies coupled to Sepharose 4B. The preincubation with CM and VLDL remnants significantly enhanced the platelet aggregation in whole blood and in platelet rich plasma (PRP) induced by collagen. This effect was observed in whole blood with the addition of VLDL remnant at the concentration of 5 mu g/ml, and in PRP with the addition of CM remnant at the concentration of 1 and 5 mu g/ml, and with the addition of VLDL remnant at the concentration of 5 and 10 mu g/ml. These results may indicate that increase in remnant lipoproteins may be a part of the reasons for atherosclerotic and thrombotic complications.

Antithrombins↗
PubMed1996

Suppression by IL-10 and IL-4 of cytokine production induced by two-way autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction.

The immune response of T cells to self-HLA antigens on autologous non-T cells is known as the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), and is defective in various diseases. We have investigated the effects of exogenous IL-10, a potential agent to treat various inflammatory diseases, on cytokine production induced by two-way AMLR in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Effects of exogenous IL-4 were also investigated. IL-10 suppressed IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF production when added at the beginning of culture and added 24 h after incubation. It abolished IL-1 alpha production only when added at the beginning of culture. IL-10 did not inhibit IL-3 production. The pattern of suppression by IL-10 of cytokine production induced by anti-CD3 mAb or PHA was similar to that induced by AMLR. Although IL-4 showed a largely similar pattern of inhibition when added at the beginning of culture, the level of inhibition was much lower than that of IL-10. IL-4 did not inhibit cytokine production when added 24 h after culture. These results indicate that IL-10, but not IL-4, is a potent inhibitor to cytokine production induced by two-way AMLR.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1996

Vaccine efficacy of recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing immunogenic proteins of feline calicivirus in cats.

We previously constructed a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV1), C7301dlTK-Cap, which contains an entire open reading frame encoding the capsid protein of feline calicivirus (FCV) F4 strain in the deleted locus of the thymidine kinase (TK) deficient mutant (C7301dlTK) of FHV1. In this report, we carried out in vivo experiments to assess the vaccine efficacy of the recombinant C7301dlTK-Cap against FCV and FHV1 infections in cats. As a result, two vaccinations with the C7301dlTK-Cap by intraocular, intranasal and oral routes protected cats to a significant degree against subsequent virulent challenges with both parent FCV F4 and FHV1 C7301 strains. The results are applicable for the further development of a new genetically engineered polyvalent vaccine for cats.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1996

Spontaneous antibody-secreting cells in the stomach of gastric cancer patients.

The gastric mucosa has been regarded as an active site of humoral immunity since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori. The present study was conducted to determine the in vivo activity of gastric B cells in 53 gastric cancer patients. B-cell activity was measured by protein-A plaque assay, in which IgA-, IgM-, and IgG-plaque-forming cells (PFC) were counted. The number of PFC was associated with the stage of cancer, but the response of lymphocytes in a non-tumorous area (NML) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) differed. PFC in both sites were decreased compared to n0 cancer in n1 lymph node metastasis-positive cancer, while only NML showed raised PFC in n2 + (P < 0.05, vs TIL). Cancer cells penetrating the submucosa caused the PFC of TIL (but not of NML) to decrease. Invasion of the intratumor capillary (V) or lymphatic (Ly) vessels also caused PFC to change, showing differences of Ig class; there was a decrease of PFC in V2 (IgG- and IgM-PFC) and in Ly2 (all Ig-PFC). IgA-PFC in Ly1 differed in TIL (decrease of PFC) and NML (increase). PFC also differed in TIL and NML in cancer cells, as follows: TIL < NML in tubular and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and TIL > NML in papillary and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. Changes in lymph node (LNL) and blood lymphocytes were similar to those in gastric PFC whose IgA value was 10 times as much as that of LNL. The 5-year survival rate was significantly better in patients with lower rather than higher PFC such as 89% vs 68%. Gastric B cells thus appear to be active and to reflect gastric mucosal immunity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Thyroid hormone-free albumin: charcoal treatment or resin treatment.

Free thyroid hormone measurement by means of immunoassay kits is greatly influenced by the altered serum albumin and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. In the evaluation of these kits, it is therefore essential to study the interferences due to these factors by adding FFA or thyroid hormone-free human serum albumin (HSA) to the assay mixture, but little attention has been paid to the selection of albumin. In the present study, FFA content in various preparations of thyroid hormone-free HSA was compared. Charcoal-treated HSA was free from both thyroid hormone and FFA, whereas anion exchange resin-treated HSA was only free from thyroid hormone. Commercially available "FFA-free HSA" was also free from thyroid hormone. Our results suggest that attention must be paid to the nature of albumin when studying the interference by albumin in free thyroid hormone measurement and that commercially available "FFA-free HSA" is a ready-to-use thyroid hormone-free HSA when HSA free from both FFA and thyroid hormone is desired.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1996

Ovarian small cell carcinoma with K-ras mutation: a case report with genetic analysis.

A rare case of ovarian small cell carcinoma is reported. Laboratory examination of a 46-year-old woman with a lower abdominal tumor showed marked hypercalcemia. Her condition deteriorated progressively, and she died one month after admission. A right ovarian tumor, 8 cm in diameter, metastases to multiple organs, and intraperitoneal bleeding were confirmed by autopsy. Microscopically, the small tumor cell had rounded nuclei with small distinct nucleoli and a scanty cytoplasm. Small cell carcinoma was diagnosed from these histological features and the clinical course associated with hypercalcemia. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive staining of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and keratin. Genetic analysis using DNA extracted from paraffin sections of metastatic lesions revealed mutation of K-ras codon 12. Loss of heterozygosity of the p53 and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) genes was not informative. Previous reports have shown that ras gene mutations occur in 30% of epithelial ovarian tumors and significantly more frequently in mucinous than in other types of ovarian tumors. These results suggest that small cell carcinoma is of epithelial origin and may have a genetic alteration similar to that of mucinous tumors.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Effects of exhaustive endurance exercise and its one-week daily repetition on neutrophil count and functional status in untrained men.

Whereas endurance exercise is known to induce marked neutrophilia, it remains to be fully understood as to whether the cell functions are altered as well as whether the adaptability of the responses to training occurs. To address both of these issues, we undertook the present longitudinal investigation in ten healthy untrained men (20-24 years, VO2max 39.1 +/- 4.2 ml/kg/min). The exercise protocol was 7 consecutive sessions of the same workload performed each day for 1.5 h at an intensity of 70% of VO2max. Peripheral blood samples were obtained before, immediately after, and 1 h after exercise on Days 1, 4, and 7, and served for determination of total and differential leukocyte counts, chemotaxis and chemiluminescence of neutrophils. Acute endurance exercise caused marked peripheral neutrophilia with significant increase in both absolute number and relative proportion of band neutrophils (p < 0.01, respectively), indicating partial recruitment of bone marrow neutrophils. While chemotaxis remained unaltered following exercise, reactive oxygen species generation of neutrophils, measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan, was not only significantly enhanced following exercise (p < 0.01), but also associated with the proportional increase in band neutrophils (r = 0.727, p < 0.05), suggesting that neutrophils mobilized from the bone marrow following endurance exercise may possess higher responsiveness. On the other hand, the magnitude of the exercise-induced changes was reduced gradually by daily repeated exposure to endurance exercise, but none of the trends were significant except the decline in resting segmented neutrophil counts (p < 0.05) at least during a 1-wk period of repeated exercise sessions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Melanocyte lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognizing the MART-1 melanoma antigen in HLA-A2 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

The MART-1/Melan-A melanoma antigen recognized by the majority of HLA-A2-restricted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is a self antigen expressed on melanocytes and the retina. We have investigated whether Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and sympathetic ophthalmia (SO), systemic inflammatory disorders affecting various organs containing melanocytes, are autoimmune diseases directed toward the MART-1 antigen. In two of three patients with VKH disease and one patient with SO, CD8(+) T cell clones (TCC) form intraocular fluid of HLA-A2(+) patients lysed T2 cells when pulsed with a HLA-A2-binding MART-1 peptide, but not a HLA-A2-binding pMel-17 or tyrosinase peptide, in a HLA-A2-restricted manner. In addition, Th, TCC recognizing a HLA-A2-binding MART-1 peptide were also established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with VKH disease. In contrast, either CD4(+) TCC from these patients or CD8(+) TCC from the intraocular fluid of HLA-A2(+) patients with uveitis associated with Behcet's disease or HTLV-1 uveitis did not show this cytotoxicity. The results demonstrate that the MART-1 peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse melanocytes in the eye of patients with VKH disease or SO, suggesting that these diseases are autoimmune diseases directed toward the MART-1 antigen in HLA-A2(+) patients.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1996

HTLV-I uveitis.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is known to cause adult T-cell leukemia/T-cell lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. Recent seroepidemiologic, clinical, and virologic studies indicate that the virus is also related to a certain type of uveitis, which has been classified as uveitis without defined etiologies or idiopathic uveitis. According to the seroepidemiologic survey, the seroprevalence of HTLV-I in patients with idiopathic uveitis was significantly higher than that of two control groups, that is, patients with uveitis with defined etiologies and patients with nonuveitic ocular diseases. Clinically, the uveitis seen in HTLV-I carriers is characterized by moderate to severe cellular infiltration in the eye and by moderate retinal vasculitis, and the intraocular inflammation responds well to corticosteroid therapy. Interestingly, 25% of female patients with the disease had a previous history of Graves disease with hyperthyroidisms. The following virologic, molecular biologic findings suggest that cytokines produced by HTLV-I-infected T cells in the eye play the central role in the pathogenic mechanisms of the uveitis: (a) the virus load in the peripheral blood monocytes analyzed by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods was significantly greater in patients with the uveitis than in asymptomatic carriers, (b) the proviral DNA of HTLV-I and the gene expression of the virus at the mRNA level was detected in the infiltrating cells from the eyes of the patients, (c) the virus particles were detected by electron-microscopic examination in the T-cell clones established from the intraocular fluid of the patients, and (d) the HTLV-I-infected T cells produced a variety of cytokines without any stimuli, such as interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Based on the seroepidemiologic, clinical, and virologic data, the uveitis seen in HTLV-I carriers is considered to be a distinct clinical entity related to HTLV-I infection, and the disease is designated as HTLV-I uveitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

In vitro effects of immunosuppressive agents on cytokine production by HTLV-I-infected T cell clones derived from the ocular fluid of patients with HTLV-I uveitis.

The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro effects of potential therapeutic agents on cytokine production by five HTVL-I-infected T cell clones (TCC) established from the ocular fluid of patients with HTLV-I uveitis. Each of the five HTLV-I-infected TCC was cultured at 1 x 10(6) cells/ml with or without an immunosuppressive agent (hydrocortisone, FK506, rapamycin, indomethacin, or prostaglandin E2) for 22 hr in humidified 5% CO2 in air at 37 C. The production of various cytokines in the culture supernatant from each TCC was measured by ELISA. The HTLV-I-infected TCC produced high amounts of IL-1 alpha, IL-3, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF, and low but significant levels of IL-2 and IL-10 without any stimuli. Hydrocortisone severely depressed the production by these TCC of all the cytokines except for IL-2, which was slightly increased. Prostaglandin E2 depressed the production of IL-1 alpha, while it up-regulated the production of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. Rapamycin depressed the production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, and FK506 depressed the production of TNF-alpha. Hydrocortisone also severely depressed the cytokine production by PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy volunteers. Of the immunosuppressive agents tested, hydrocortisone exhibited the strongest suppression of cytokine production by HTLV-I-infected TCC. This result was in agreement with the in vivo effects of hydrocortisone in patients with HTLV-I uveitis. These TCC will be useful in investigating the effects of potential therapeutic agents for HTLV-I uveitis in vitro.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1996

Urinary levels of nitric oxide metabolites in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to clarify the physiological role of nitric oxide (NO) in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty normotensive women (1st trimester, n = 7; 2nd trimester, n = 6; 3rd trimester, n = 10; puerperal period, n = 7) and 19 patients with preeclampsia (3rd trimester, n = 9; puerperal period, n = 10) were studied. Urinary and blood samples were obtained from each participant who was designed to be under the same condition. Urinary NOx (nitrate/nitrite) was measured with Greiss method after nitrate reduction. Urinary cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), creatinine clearance, serum triglyceride, uric acid, albumin and blood cell count were also determined. RESULTS: 1) Urinary NOx levels in 2nd and 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy tended to be higher than those in 1st trimester. There was also a tendency of decreased urinary NOx in puerperal period. Urinary NOx in antepartum preeclampsia was significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy in 3rd trimester. 2). Urinary cGMP was significantly higher in 2nd trimester of normal pregnancy than in 1st trimester. There was also a tendency of decreased urinary cGMP in puerperal period. In preeclampsia the values in 3rd trimester were significantly higher than those in puerperium. 3) A significant positive correlation was observed between urinary NOx and cGMP only in 3rd trimester of normal gestation. 4) In normal pregnancy of 3rd trimester, significant negative correlations were observed between urinary NOx and either of mean blood pressure or serum triglyceride. In preeclampsia of antepartum, urinary excretion of NOx was significantly correlated positively with creatinine clearance and negatively with mean blood pressure or serum uric acid. Urinary excretion of NOx in both of normal pregnant and preeclamptic women in 3rd trimester was significantly correlated with serum triglyceride. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that NO may modulate the cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and impaired production of the molecule may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Isolation of canine parvovirus from a cat manifesting clinical signs of feline panleukopenia.

Twenty-seven feline parvovirus (FPV) isolates were recovered from cats clinically diagnosed with feline panleukopenia (FPL) for assessing antigenic and genomic properties of FPL viruses (FPLV) recently prevalent among cats in Japan. All isolates, with the exception of one novel isolate, FPV-314, possessed homologous properties, and their subgroups in FPVs were identified as FPLV. The FPV-314 isolate, which was from a 1.5-year-old cat which manifested clinical signs of FPL and died on the 13th day after the first medical examination, was finally identified as canine parvovirus (CPV) because it lacked a specific antigenic epitope commonly detected in FPLV and mink enteritis virus and because the nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene was almost identical to those of CPV-2a and -2b antigenic type strains recently prevalent among dogs in Japan. The present result together with our previous findings (M. Mochizuki, R. Harasawa, and H. Nakatani. Vet. Microbiol. 38:1-10, 1993) indicates the possibility that CPV and FPLV undergo mutual interspecies transmission between dogs and cats, and it is postulated that they may cause disease in some adventitious hosts.

Animals↗