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Biomedical subjects

M Mizuno

Publications and source records attributed to M Mizuno.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Treatment for serious cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with severe subarachnoid clot].

Forty-one serious cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with severe subarachnoid clot were clinically analyzed, with special emphasis on the prognosis, pathophysiology, and surgical indications. All cases had thick subarachnoid clot without concurrent intracerebral hematoma and/or intraventricular hematoma causing mass signs on the CT scan. In this series, 23 cases underwent radical surgery while in the acute stage, 18 cases were treated conservatively (including 5 cases treated only by continuous ventricular drainage). The criterion for determining the degree of severity was defined as either a "semicoma" or "coma" state just prior to radical surgery for the radically-operated group, with the same designations for the conservative group at their time of admission. All patients except two in the conservatively-treated group died due to primary brain damage caused by massive subarachnoid hemorrhage. The two remaining cases died from other complications. On the other hand, the outcome for the 23 surgically-treated patients was as follows: Three (13%) fully recovered; three (13%) were capable of self-management; eight (34.8%) were partially or fully dependent. Nine (39.1%), died. In the radically-treated group, pre-operative factors that might predict clinical outcome were investigated. Those factors were the neurological grade, the brain-stem response, the response after the rapid administration of 20% Mannitol (300-900 ml), and the length of time from the last bleeding episode to the time that radical surgery was performed. It was recognized that there was no relationship between the neurological grade just prior to radical surgery and the outcomes in the serious cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case of adult pilocytic astrocytoma in the right temporal lobe].

A case of adult pilocytic astrocytoma in the right temporal lobe is reported here. The patient was a twenty-four year old man, who came to the neurological division of our hospital on October 6, 1987 because of repeated consciousness-loss attacks accompanied with uncinate fit. He had no neurological deficits. However, an EEG revealed spike-and-wave complexes in the right temporal region, and a CT scan showed a small cystic lesion in the right temporal lobe. A diagnosis of psychomotor seizure was made, and the administration of anticonvulsants was started. The incidence of attack then decreased, but after approximately two years of drug therapy the attacks increased again. A CT scan was again performed, and revealed that the lesion in the right temporal lobe was enlarging. Also a noticeable enhanced lesion, identified as a mural nodule was found in the post-contrast enhancement study. A brain tumor was then suspected, and he was admitted to the neurosurgical division on October 11, 1989. He had no neurological deficits on admission. An MRI showed a low intensity lesion in the T1 weighted image, and a high intensity lesion in the T2 weighted image. A cystic lesion with a marked enhanced mural nodule was also found in the base of the right temporal lobe, according to the Gd enhancement study. Perifocal edema was not recognized. Cerebral angiography showed no positive findings. Positron emission tomography (PET), using H2(15)O, revealed low perfusion at or around the lesion, and PET using [11C]-methionine revealed an accumulation of methionine at the lesion. A diagnosis of low-grade glioma was made, and a right temporal craniotomy, for the purpose of totally removing the tumor was performed on October 26, 1989.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Human respiratory muscles: fibre morphology and capillary supply.

In man the diaphragm (DIA) and abdominal muscles comprise approximately 50% slow-twitch (ST) fibres, whereas a higher proportion (60%) is found in intercostal muscles and the scalenes. All respiratory muscles show an equal distribution of fast-twitch (FTa and b) fibres with the exception of the expiratory intercostal muscles which have few FTb fibres. The inspiratory muscles have a uniformly small fibre size, in contrast to the expiratory intercostal muscle fibres which are large. The fibre size of the inspiratory muscles is maintained with ageing, whereas that of the expiratory intercostal muscles appears to be reduced after the age of 50 yrs. Capillary supply is most abundant in the expiratory muscles followed by DIA and the inspiratory intercostal muscles. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) it is unknown whether a reduction in fibre size of the thoracic respiratory muscles is caused by extreme use due to increased ventilatory work, or by disuse due to an increased involvement of the extrathoracic respiratory muscles. Histochemical characteristics suggest that, in normal humans, the load on the inspiratory muscles is relatively small during contractions, whereas the expiratory intercostal muscles are exposed to severe continuous activity with a heavy load.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study of growing up aneurysms: report of 25 cases].

Twenty-five cases of patients with growing up aneurysms are reported. Growth of the aneurysm was confirmed by repeated angiography within 1 month in 11 cases (short-term group), and for over 1 month in the other 14 cases (long-term group) following the initial angiography. Clinical history, shape and growth pattern of aneurysms, as well as hemodynamic factors that effect the growth were investigated in each group. The aneurysms were classified according to the shape into dome-type (smooth contour) and bleb-type (irregular contour). In all cases of the short-term group, the first angiography was performed because of rupture of the aneurysm. In this group, 4 cases bled again because of enlargement or the development of an aneurysmal bleb. Growth rate and the initial size of the aneurysm did not effect the potential of re-rupture. In the long-term group, 9 cases out of 14 (64.3%) had "non-ruptured aneurysm" at the time of first angiography. In the follow up, 5 cases were ruptured (two because of re-bleeding and three for the first time). In 3 out of these 5 cases, a bleb was demonstrated on initial angiography, and in another case, a bleb was demonstrated in follow-up angiography. Only one case ruptured because of the growth of the aneurysmal dome. Most of the aneurysms that rupture, in the follow-up survey, showed a larger growth rate in comparison with aneurysms that did not rupture. Many cases of this long-term group were associated with hypertension or vascular abnormalities which would effect the aneurysmal growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of fetal behavior in mothers following antiepileptic drug administration].

To investigate the development of sleep rhythm through the analysis of fetal behavior, the alteration of behavior was studied in cases with maternal antiepileptic drug (AED) administration (n = 13) in comparison with normal fetuses (n = 16). The subjects were classified into two groups according to gestational age (32 to 35 weeks and 36 to 40 weeks). The frequency of breathing movement (BM) and the REM and non-REM rhythm modes were affected by AED. The 32 to 35 week group showed an increase in the appearance rate (AP) of REM, a decrease in the duration of REM periods and normal non-REM periods. The 36 to 40 week group showed an increase in AP and prolonged REM periods while both non-REM periods decreased. A decrease in REM density of the REM period and a low BM frequency were distinctive findings in both groups. These results suggest that AED directly affects the fetal central nervous system, which regulates REM and non-REM sleep at a higher level, to alter sleep modes. The differences in the patterns of behavioral modulation of REM and non-REM rhythms in both gestational age groups induced by AED indicates the degree of central nervous system regulation of REM and non-REM rhythms.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1991

[The concentration of endothelin in maternal vein, umbilical vein and artery of normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension].

The concentrations of endothelin (ET) in maternal vein (MV), umbilical vein (UV) and artery (UA) of normal pregnancy (N) and severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (sPIH) were measured to investigate the significance of ET in the maternal and feto-placental circulation of normal pregnancy and PIH. 1) The concentrations of ET (pg/ml blood: mean +/- S.E.M.) in MV of a normal non-pregnant group, 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of N were 1.00 +/- 0.19 (n = 2), 0.55 +/- 0.16 (n = 4), 0.45 +/- 0.14 (n = 4) and 0.89 +/- 0.09 (n = 10), respectively. The concentration of ET in MV of 3rd trimester of sPIH was 2.76 +/- 1.21 (n = 7), and significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than in MV of 3rd trimester of N. 2) The concentrations of ET in UV and UA of N and UV of sPIH were 1.53 +/- 0.05, 1.29 +/- 0.06, 2.12 +/- 0.46, respectively. The concentrations of ET in UV and UA of N were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than in MV of N. 3) The concentrations of ET in MV of N and sPIH correlated significantly (p less than 0.05) with diastolic blood pressure of N (r = 0.53). It was concluded that the synthesis of ET during pregnancy was suppressed until the 2nd trimester, and that the increased ET in MV of sPIH might be one of the factors that caused the pathogenesis of PIH. And the high concentration of ET in UV and UA was supposed to operate play a role in feto-placental circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Growth inhibition of glioma cells transfected with the human beta-interferon gene by liposomes coupled with a monoclonal antibody.

A human beta-interferon (HuIFN-beta) gene inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector (pSV2IFN-beta) was entrapped in liposomes having positive charges on their surface. Liposome-mediated transfection of the gene into cultured glioma cells (U251-MG) resulted in the secretion of HuIFN-beta into the medium. The HuIFN-beta level in the culture medium of glioma cells reached 24 +/- 8 (mean +/- SD) IU/ml after 96 h of incubation, at which level the growth inhibitory effect on the cells was found to be greater than 40 times as compared with exogenously added HuIFN-beta. When the plasmid-containing liposomes were coupled with a monoclonal antibody (G-22 MCA) against glioma-associated antigen, the level of HuIFN-beta in the medium was 178 +/- 26 IU/ml, resulting in a 7-fold increase, and the growth inhibitory effect was further elevated. Since the addition of a monoclonal antibody against HuIFN-beta to the medium did not cause the cell growth to resume, the growth inhibitory effect on the cells seems to be ascribed to HuIFN-beta produced in the cells transfected with its gene. Accordingly, the specific delivery of the HuIFN-beta gene into glioma cells by the use of such liposomes might become a useful technique for gene therapy of malignant glioma.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunoelectron microscopic observation of intrahepatic HBeAg in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Immune light and electron microscopic studies using monoclonal antibodies have been applied to localize HBeAg in liver biopsy specimens of 19 patients with chronic hepatitis B. Under the light microscope, HBeAg was demonstrated in nuclei, cytoplasm and on the cell surface of hepatocytes. The number of HBeAg-positive hepatocytes correlated well with the serum levels of HBeAg (enzyme immunoassay) and DNA-polymerase. Of 11 patients in whom high numbers of HBeAg-positive hepatocytes were found at the light microscopic level, HBeAg was also studied in hepatocytes at the electron microscopic level. The HBeAg in nuclei was either found as aggregates or dispersed diffusely. In the aggregates of HBeAg, the 27-nm core particles were frequently found. In addition, the antigen was found in the cytosol of some hepatocytes as amorphous mass and in some hepatocytes in the cisternae of perinuclear space, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi saccules. Occasionally the antigen was found on the membranes of the cell organelles and on the plasma membranes that faced the intercellular and the Disse spaces. These findings suggest that cytoplasmic HBeAg in hepatocytes may be ultrastructurally classified into two different patterns by its distribution, mainly in endoplasmic reticulum or in cytosol. The ratio varied between hepatocytes with these two types of patterns. The titer of serum HBeAg tended to be higher when the corresponding liver biopsy specimens contained more hepatocytes with HBeAg in endoplasmic reticulum than those with HBeAg in the cytosol.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Radioimaging of human glioma xenografts with 123I labeled monoclonal antibody G-22 against glioma-associated antigen.

Monoclonal antibody (MCA) G-22 is directed against a human glioma-associated surface antigen. Its availability for the radioimmunodetection of human glioma was analyzed by utilizing the xenografts in athymic mice. Nude mice with subcutaneous grafts of U251-MG or U251-SP glioma received intravenous administration of 123I or 131I labeled F(ab')2 fragment or whole immunoglobulin. Results of radioimaging revealed that 123I-labeled antibody was better than the 131I-labeled. It was also noted that administration of 123I-labeled F(ab')2 fragment of G-22 MCA enabled the imaging of human glioma xenografts weighing 80-650 mg after 48 hours. When biodistribution of 123I MCA was compared between G-22 and control antibodies, the percentages of dose/g in tumors were 5.228-1.799 at 30 hours and 4.112-1.132 at 48 hours with G-22 and they were 4.164-1.248 and 0.314-0.142 with control. The tumor/blood ratio until 72 hours after injection was constantly above 1 with G-22 and less than 1 with control antibody. These results indicate the potential usefulness of G-22 MCA for the radioimmunodetection of human gliomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics of oculomotor disorders of a family with Joseph's disease.

The oculomotor abnormalities of 12 patients of a large Japanese family with Joseph's disease were investigated and compared with those of 27 patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA). All 12 patients had limitation of upward gaze, impairment of convergence and horizontal gaze nystagmus. However, none had abnormalities of pupillary shape or light reflexes. Impairments of saccadic and pursuit eye movements were frequently present. Further, difficulty of eyelid opening, bulging eyes, impairment of optokinetic and caloric responses and square wave jerks were seen in some of the patients. The autopsy examination of 1 patient revealed marked neuronal loss in the oculomotor nucleus with preservation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and neuronal decrease, myelin loss and gliosis of the dorsal midbrain including superior colliculus, pretectum and posterior commissures. Disturbance of upward gaze, sparing of pupillary light reflexes and horizontal gaze nystagmus were frequent and early symptoms. The pattern of oculomotor disturbances is different from that of OPCA and evaluation of the oculomotor system is useful for clinical diagnosis of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Studies of hexokinase activity in human and mouse oocyte.

Microdetermination methods were used to determine the activities of hexokinase in human and mouse oocytes, human spermatozoa, and other somatic cells. Human oocytes with intact germinal vesicle obtained from the growing follicle were freeze dried and weighed (mean +/- SD = 243 +/- 34 ng dry weight). Hexokinase activity in single oocytes was 17.9 +/- 3.6 pmol of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate formed/oocyte/hr at 20 degrees C. Specific activity was estimated to be 104 +/- 30 nmol/mg protein/hr, which was remarkably lower than that in human spermatozoa (3570 +/- 550 nmol/mg protein/hr) and other somatic cells such as endometrium, brain, liver, and kidney. Mouse follicular oocytes and early embryos before the two-cell stage also had low hexokinase activities, but morulae and blastocysts had increasingly high activities; the former cannot use glucose as an energy source, whereas the latter can. These results suggest that human immature oocytes, as well as mouse oocytes, depend on pyruvate instead of glucose as a major energy source.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Two flavonol glycosides from the underground parts of Vancouveria hexandra.

Two new flavonol glycosides were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Vancouveria hexandra. The glycosides were determined by chemical and spectral means to be anhydroicaritin 3-galactosyl(1----3) rhamnoside-7-glucoside and anhydroicaritin 3-[6-O-acetyl-galactosyl(1----3)rhamnoside]-7-glucoside.

Flavonoids↗
PubMed1990

Inhibitory action of peony root extract on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene.

The inhibitory effects of peony root extract on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B [a]p) have been investigated in the Salmonella typhimurium reversion test. Four kinds of experiments were performed: direct chemical reaction (1) between peony root extract and B [a]p, and (2) between peony root extract and active metabolite(s) of B [a]p, (3) inhibition of metabolic processes of B[a]p with S9 mix, and (4) inhibition of activation on mutagenicity. Peony root extract interfered with the action of enzymes in the S9 mix, and inactivated the activity of B[a]p metabolites. The bio-antimutagenic effect was assayed by reversion in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100.

Benzo(a)pyrene↗