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Biomedical subjects

M Miyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to M Miyoshi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Problems in the standardization of radiotherapy in cervical cancer].

In Japan there exists a interinstitutional difference in the response rate of cervical cancer, which is ascribed to the lack of intracavitary radiotherapy instruments. Provided the standardized treatment schedules are followed in all institutes, the over all responses will be definitely improved. Currently there are two major problems to be solved. Firstly, we have discussed IOR and hyperthermia to individualize locally advanced cervical cancers which are excluded from current standardized treatment method. Next we discussed indications for high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy and the dose fractionation of it in relation to external beams.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1984

Scanning- and transmission electron-microscopic study of lymphatic vessels in the splenic white pulp of the macaque monkey.

The fine structure of the lymphatic vessels in splenic white pulp of the macaque monkey was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Lymphatic vessels were slit-like or widened channels which extended along central arteries and their large branches. The walls of the vessels were very thin in comparison with those of nearby arteries. They were composed only of a layer of endothelium supported by underlying reticular cells. Endothelial cells were mostly ribbon-like and extended along the long axis of the vessels. Perikarya of the endothelial cells were slightly protruded into the lumen. The thin peripheral cytoplasm showed smooth surfaces, except for some tiny processes, especially at boundaries between adjacent cells. The basal surface of the endothelial cells was attached to the lattice of reticular cell processes forming the framework of the white pulp. Basal laminae in strands were intercalated between endothelial cells and reticular cells. Perforations were often seen through the endothelial cell cytoplasm. Lymphocytes or processes of macrophages seen in the perforations were considered to be in migration. Large patent openings through the endothelium were not observed. The wall structure of the lymphatic vessels in the splenic white pulp suggests that lymphocytes in the white pulp may move directly into the lymph flow, in addition to moving into the blood flow via the vascular sinuses.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of cysts in the renal cortex of the macaque monkey.

Renal cysts in the cortex of the monkey kidney were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, in an attempt to determine the three-dimensional structures of the epithelial cells in these cysts. The cysts were composed of a thin wall which limited a large spherical space containing a jelly-like substance and some wandering cells. Rudimentary tufts of glomerular capillaries and/or a mound-like swelling were present on the inner surface of the cyst wall, and the inner surface of the cysts was lined with an epithelium with pedicles. The epithelial cells were podocytes, whose surface structure was similar to that on the glomerular capillary in the normal renal corpuscle. The terminal foot processes were characteristically interdigitated not only on the glomerular capillaries, but also on the mound-like swelling and concave surface of the parietal portion of the cyst. A discrete, smooth-surfaced area was found on the side opposite to the glomerulus or swelling. This area was covered by squamous epithelial cells. At the peripheral zone of the smooth-surfaced area, elongated epithelial cells were demonstrated. Our findings indicate that the podocyte layer of the cyst corresponds to the internal leaflet of Bowman's capsule, and the squamous cell layer to the external leaflet. The mound-like swelling covered by podocytes is considered to represent a stage of possible evagination of the tufts of glomerular capillaries. There was no evidence of an opening of the urinary tubule in the cyst wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Perisinusoidal cells in a three-dimensional organization of the adrenal cortex in the monkey.

The adrenal cortex in the macaque monkey was examined under the SEM and TEM to elucidate the surface fine structure of perisinusoidal cells in a three-dimensional organization of the cortex. Parenchymal cells in polyhedral form were arranged in acini in the zona glomerulosa, or in the laminae of closely stacked cells in the zona fasciculata and reticularis. Those acini and laminae were accompanied by sinusoids lined only with an endothelium. Endothelial cells were composed of a protruded perikaryon and a thin layer of peripheral cytoplasm in sieve plates with numerous fenestrations. The perikaryon was sometimes equipped with groups of fenestrated disc-like protrusions. Fine collagen fibrils were distributed in the perisinusoidal space, which was a continuous, slit-like lacune between the endothelial and parenchymal cells. In the perisinusoidal space or intercellular spaces among parenchymal cells were seen two types of perisinusoidal cells: the stellate interstitial cells with several spiny, or attenuated processes entangled with collagen fibrils, and the monstrous wandering cells usually associated with pseudopodia-like processes. The cytoplasm of the interstitial cells showed a structure similar to that of fibroblasts, and contained small numbers of lipid droplets. Intravenously injected chicken blood cells were phagocytized by macrophages on the sinusoidal lining. The fine cytological structure of the macrophages was almost the same as that of the wandering cells. The present findings suggest that the interstitial cells are fibroblastic in nature and belong to the vitamin-A storing cell system, and that the wandering cells are macrophages derived from hematogenous monocytes.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1984

Susceptibility of Kintoki bean lectin to digestive enzymes in vitro and its behavior in the digestive organs of mouse in vivo.

The enzymatic digestion of a Kintoki bean lectin in vitro resulted in neither the extensive hydrolysis nor complete inactivation of the lectin. The majority of [3H]lectin administered to mice by stomach-intubation was found in the digestive tract at levels of 88.7%, 99.4%, 99.5% and 78.6%, after 0.5, 2, 5 and 24h of intubation, respectively. Twenty to forty percent of the administered radioactivity was found combined with the mucosa of the small intestine. After 24 h of intubation, part of the radioactivity was found in the feces. The recovery test of hemagglutinating activity and the molecular weight determination of the lectin administered to and recovered from mice revealed that more than 70% of the radioactivity detected in the digestive tract represented intact lectin. Therefore, it was concluded that most of the Kintoki bean lectin survived its passage through the gastrointestinal tract. The lectin-binding sites in the intestinal mucosa were traced with fluorescence microscopy using the lectin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The fluorescent sites were found located at the top and upper sites of the villi, but not at the crypt.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Myofibrils and transverse tubules in glycerol-treated frog skeletal muscle.

Effects of glycerol (400 mM) on the structure of frog skeletal muscle were reported based on measurements of the diameters of myofibrils and transverse tubules (T-tubules). The diameter of the myofibrils decreased to about 0.58 micron from the normal size of 0.79 micron during glycerol treatment, but the spacing between the myofibrils became wider. The size did not recover to the initial value even after return of the muscle to the Ringer solution. T-tubule diameters increased to 35-55 nm from the normal size of about 30 nm in glycerol-treated muscle, and the size was maintained after return of the muscle to the Ringer solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Scanning electron microscope studies of lymphatic tissues with special reference to the structure of the reticulum.

Reticular cells of the lymph nodule in the rabbit appendix and the lymphatic pulp including the germinal center in the dog mesenteric lymph node were observed under the scanning electron microscope after removal of free cells. Three dimensional architecture and arrangement of the reticular cells varied by regions in the lymph nodule. The appendix lymph nodule encapsulated with the endothelium of lymphatic sinuses was subdivided into two regions: (1) a central region of sparsely arranged stellate cells with coarse processes and (2) a peripheral zone of densely arranged stellate cells with many delicate processes. In the lymph node, the germinal center contained a loosely formed network of delicate stellate cells. Peripheral reticular cells of the nodule were thread-like, extending concentrically around the germinal center or along the sinus wall. Many lateral bridges of the threads occurred segmentally. The reticular framework of the medullary cord formed spongy meshes by anastomoses of stellate cells. Cytoplasmic perforations were observed in the sinus wall of the medullary cord. Those may be for lymphocyte migration.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Oral toxicity of Kintoki bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin.

There are several antinutritive factors in the Kintoki bean such as lectin, trypsin inhibitor, lack of methionine etc. The present experiment has revealed that lectin is mainly responsible for the growth impairment of experimental animals orally fed raw Kintoki bean. Mice fed raw Kintoki bean as the only protein source lost their body weight and died in 8 days, while mice fed the heated bean grew normally. When mice on a 10% albumin diet ingested 20 mg or 40 mg or 60 mg Kintoki bean lectin by daily stomach-feeding, their body weights were reduced to 84%, 74%, 71% of the control group after 5 days respectively and some of them could not live to complete the experiment. The apparent rates of the intestinal absorption of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein were considerably reduced, when rats were fed a diet containing 0.4% lectin. Especially, the rate of protein absorption was decreased to 26.3% from 55.5% of the control rate. The main tissues of mice that had ingested Kintoki bean lectin by stomach-feeding were subjected to microscopic observation. No changes were observed in the liver, kidney, spleen and pancreas. But in the small intestine, the epithelial cells lining the villi were considerably disordered and conspicuously disrupted. These results indicate that the Kintoki bean lectin is one of the most promoting factors for growth impairment in experimental animals and that the first target organ in the case of oral feeding is the small intestine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Toxic effects of Kintoki bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin on cultured animal cells.

Effects of a toxic lectin from Kintoki beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, cultivar, Kintoki) on four types of animal cells were investigated. The cells used in this study were mouse L 929, human HeLa S3, and tendon and liver cells from chick embryo. The Kintoki bean lectin agglutinated these cells not only in suspension but also in monolayer, resulting in the marked growth inhibition of these cells. The incorporations of 3H-thymidine and 3H-leucine into trichloroacetic acid insoluble fraction of the cells were considerably inhibited by this lectin. There was, however, some lag period before the revelation of the inhibition. Kintoki bean lectin bound to these cells within 1 hr. The type of the lectin receptor seemed uniform for each cell type and the number of the binding sites per cell was different from cell type to cell type. When Kintoki bean lectin was removed from the culture medium, these cells slowly recovered back to normal growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Alteration of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis after intra-arterial one-shot chemotherapy in liver cancer].

Twenty liver cancer patients, including 9 hepatocellular carcinoma and 11 with metastatic liver cancer, were treated by intra-arteral one-shot chemotherapy. Alterations in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were observed serially after one-shot chemotherapy by testing the levels of PT, APTT, FDP, fibrinogen, AT III, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and plasminogen. APTT was prolonged, FDP increased, Fbg increased after a transicent decrease, and AT III, alpha 2-M, and plasminogen decreased. The peaks of these alterations occurred within 7 days after the one-shot treatment; recovery was observed after about weeks. The more advanced the cancer, the greater were the alterations.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Long-term evaluation of non-surgical treatment of osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint.

For 25 patients with osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the course of the clinical symptoms consisting of limitation of mouth opening, pain, joint sound, mandibular deviation and facial deformity was studied throughout a long follow-up period. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiographical and laboratory findings. It turned out that after a long period, only 1 patient still suffered from a disease without any improvement. Clinical signs and symptoms exhibited a tendency of gradual improvement, and the number of patients who did not attend the TMJ clinic further increased gradually after the first year. With regard to pain, only slight occasional pain was observed by 4 patients, 15 patients became free from pain, and the remaining patients did not return to the TMJ clinic after a period of 18 months. Sound produced by movements in the joint were observed in 22 patients at the first examination; at least 5 patients still had this symptom 18 months later, 10 patient only exhibited symptoms on rare occasions or were free from noises, and 7 patients no longer attended the TMJ clinic. 45.8% of the total number of patients recovered from the mandibular deviation, and 80% showed satisfactory mouth opening (more than 35 mm) at the last examination. Facial deformity was observed in at least 4 patients after a long follow-up period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The lethal protein from Kintoki beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) identified as a lectin.

A glycoprotein isolated from Kintoki beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cultivar Kintoki) agglutinated human erythrocytes of all types and erythrocytes of rat, rabbit, sheep, and mouse. The lectin activity was not affected by 1 hr heating at 60 degrees C, but decreased slightly on heating for the same period at 70-80 degrees C and markedly at 90-100 degrees C. The activity was inhibited by galactose, lactose, N-acetyl galactosamine and fetuin. The inhibition was, however, weak, as often found for nonspecific lectins. The activity did not change when tyrosine residues or small parts of amino groups were modified, but decreased considerably when histidine residues or carboxyl groups were modified. This lectin was found to be relatively resistant to trypsin, and, particularly, to pepsin. All mice died within 48 hr when 200 microgram lectin per gram body weight was injected intraperitoneally and 14 microgram intravenously. The toxic activity changed in parallel with the lectin activity upon various treatments of the glycoprotein. In addition, blood analyses of injected mice suggested that the toxicity might be developed by the action of the lectin on blood cells.

Animals↗