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Biomedical subjects

M Miyao

Publications and source records attributed to M Miyao.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Hypothalamic-pituitary function in patients with congenital malformations accompanied by central nervous system disorders.

In 20 patients with congenital brain disorders, the influence of the CNS maldevelopment on the neuroendocrine system was investigated by assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary function through measurements of the secretory reserve of pituitary hormones (GH, PRL, TSH, LH and FSH) in response to injections of insulin, TRH and LH-RH, and of the secretion of sleep-dependent pituitary hormones with polygraphic recording. The subjects consisted of 9 patients with midline anomalies of the brain and face, 3 patients with hydrocephalus, hydroencephalodysplasia or microcephalus, and 8 patients with the malformation syndrome associated with mental retardation. Ten of the 18 patients examined showed normal responses of GH secretion in the loading test (secretory peaks: greater than 10 ng/ml). But only 4 of these patients were found normal in respect of GH secretory peaks of more than 10 ng/ml during sleep. Of these 17 children, 5 showed abnormal values for basal secretion of PRL, and/or the secretory peak of PRL on injection of TRH. Two children showed hypersecretion of PRL during sleep. One patient out of the 19 examined was unresponsive in gonadotropin secretion to injection of LH-RH and 2 patients displayed excessive responses. During sleep, 4 of the 13 patients studied were found to be hypersecretory and 2 hyposecretory of gonadotropin. These results suggest that abnormalities in pituitary hormone secretion are frequently present in patients with CNS maldevelopment, and growth disturbances and abnormal sexual development may in some instances be due to endocrine abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Studies on the gonadotropin secretion during sleep in patients with abnormal sexual development--the role of the CNS in the onset of puberty.

In order to evaluate the secretory patterns of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones in various forms of abnormal sexual development, plasma levels of these hormones were measured every 20-30 minutes during sleep in 9 patients with true precocious puberty and 2 patients with primary hypogonadism. Seven patients with idiopathic precocious puberty and 2 patients with organic CNS lesion-related precocious puberty exhibited fluctuating plasma concentrations of these hormones that resembled findings in normal pubertal subjects who had significantly increased concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone during sleep. Two patients with primary hypogonadism also showed episodic fluctuation of both hormones and augmented luteinizing hormone concentrations during sleep. These results suggest that the pubertal sleep-related gonadotropin secretion is dependent on the sleep-entrained CNS mechanism, and that the central nervous system plays an important role in sexual maturation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Absorption and fluorescence spectra of light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris in the near-infrared region.

Bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl)-protein complexes were isolated from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Detergent treatment and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under rather mild conditions resulted in clear separation of light-harvesting Bchls into B870 Bhls and B800-850 Bchls as two distinctly different protein complexes. It was shown that almost all the Bchl contained in intracytoplasmic membranes was recovered as either B870-reaction center complexes or B800-850 complexes without loss of Bchls as free pigments. Furthermore, it was shown that the spectral form of each type of Bchl was not altered by this procedure for isolation, as judged by the calculated absorption spectrum which was the sum of the absorption spectra of the isolated complexes. Fluorescence measurement of the isolated complexes and intracytoplasmic membranes not only supported these ideas, but also indicated that the excited state was actually transferred from B800-850 Bchls to B870 Bchls. The isolation and measurements of absorption and fluorescence were carried out on spectrally different types of intracytoplasmic membrane from cells cultured under different culture conditions. The B870-reaction center complexes from different types of intracytoplasmic membrane were spectrally identical. The B800-850 complexes were widely different in absorption spectra, especially in the ratios of peaks at 800 and 850 nm, but exhibited similar fluorescence spectra.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1982

Histological and ultrastructural studies of nephroblastoma in rats induced transplacentally by ethylnitrosourea.

Histologic and ultrastructural features of nephroblastomas in Sprague-Dawley rats induced by a single transplacental injection of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) on the 15-16th day of gestation are described and their significance is discussed with respect to the histogenesis of the tumors. Many renal tumors were observed, in addition to predominant occurrence of tumors of the nervous system. Forty-two of 142 offsprings survived over 100 days developed renal tumors, of which 37 rats had nephroblastomas, three rats had cortical adenomas, and one rat had a cystadenoma. The nephroblastomas were found in 35 rats unilaterally and in two rats bilaterally. Most of these tumors had various amounts of hyalinized stroma. In the kidneys with nephroblastomas, isolated, small foci of renal blastema were also occasionally noted. Electron microscopy revealed that nephroblastomas consisted of two types of cells, namely, epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The epithelial cells showed cellular differentiation of varying degree; they are freely lying in the stroma, forming well differentiated tubules or immature tubule-like structures and solid cell nests. Most of the undifferentiated cells observed around the tubular structures and cell nests are demonstrated to have epithelial features. These observations seem to support the concept that nephroblastoma is originated from metanephric blastema.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

DNA template activity in rat brain tumors induced by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea.

The ultracytochemical acridine orange (AO) method has been employed to demonstrate DNA template activity within experimental brain tumors induced by transplacental administration ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Ultrastructural examination revealed that acridine orange binds to DNA exclusively within the active extended euchromatin portion of the cell nucleus of brain tumor and of foci of atypical cell proliferation. No AO reaction products were visible in the non-neoplastic cell nuclei adjacent to the brain tumors. The percentages of AO positive cells in brain tumor cells in rats given an intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine 1 hr before sacrifice were between 2.4% and 8.0%. The average number of AO chromatin reaction products per single section of a cell nucleus varied between 7 and 21. The ratios of areas of euchromatin to heterochromatin were found to be slightly larger in AO positive nuclei then in AO negative nuclei in each of the tumors. The present results suggested that rat brain tumors induced by transplacental administration ENU exhibit de-repression of DNA template normally repressed in the adult state. The usefulness of this method for study on the development of experimental brain tumors is briefly discussed.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1982

Enzymologic studies and therapy of Leigh's disease associated with pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency.

An 11-month-old boy with muscle hypotonia and neurologic deteriorations had lactic acidosis, pyruvic acidemia and alaninemia due to deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in his platelets and of pyruvate decarboxylase in his muscle. When placed on a low carbohydrate-high fat diet for 6 months, his blood levels of lactate and pyruvate became nearly normal, but his cerebrospinal fluid levels of lactate and pyruvate remained high. Despite this dietary therapy, neurologic deterioration progressed slowly. He died of pneumonia after artificial respiration for 3 wk. At autopsy, extensive symmetric lesions were found in the brain including proliferation of capillaries and gliosis in the brain stem and diffuse demyelination in the white matter. These lesions were consistent with those observed in Leigh's disease. The activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate decarboxylase in various tissues obtained at autopsy were less than 10% of control values; however, the activities of pyruvate carboxylase and alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase were within the normal limits. This patient with Leigh's disease had an isolated deficiency of pyruvate decarboxylase in various tissues.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1982

[Cold water immersion test for diagnosis of vibration diseases. Comparison between water at 5 degrees C and 10 degrees C].

5 degrees C-water 10-minute immersion test, generally used in Japan, is useful to diagnose vibration diseases. But severe pains during the immersion is troublesome. We studied the availability of 10 degrees C-water 10-minute immersion test to reduce the pain during the test. Subjects were forty-nine chainsaw operators, nineteen patients with vibration disease, and twelve controls. The same subject underwent both 5 degrees C and 10 degrees C immersion tests. The following results were obtained. 1) Skin temperatures in the highest score group after the immersion tests both at 5 degrees C and 10 degrees C was lower than that in the control group. Mean skin temperatures for the last five minutes during the immersion and the recovery activity in both the immersion tests showed a similar trend among subjects groups. Skin temperatures in patients under medical treatment (R'group) did not differ from those in the control group. 2) Hyperemia time by nail press test in the R'group and in the high score group after both immersion tests was longer than that in the control group. But this difference between chainsaw operators and the control group after 5 degrees C immersion test was more marked than that after 10 degrees C immersion test. 3) Vibratory sense as well as pain sense in the R'group and in the high score group after both immersion tests were less sharp than those in the control group. 4) Skin temperatures, nail press test, vibratory sense, and pain sense after 5 degrees C immersion test and those after 10 degrees C immersion test showed statistically significant positive correlation. 5) 10 degrees C immersion test is as effective as 5 degrees C immersion test in finding nervous disorders, but 5 degrees C immersion test is more effective than 10 degrees C immersion test in finding circulatory disorders. However patients with Raynaud's phenomena or moderate circulatory disorders can also be found even by 10 degrees C immersion test. 6) Cold water immersion test revealed disorders not only in skin temperature and by nail press test but revealed also disorders in vibratory sense and pain sense, therefore it is desirable that cold water immersion test should be done in the examination of vibration diseases.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1982

[Laboratory and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in pediatrics (author's transl)].

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed as follows on ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic. 1. Susceptibility of clinically isolated bacteria to CZX and cefotiam (CTM) or sulbenicillin (SBPC). Antibacterial activities of CZX and CTM were compared against S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, H. influenzae and E. aerogenes; CZX was compared with SBPC against Ps. aeruginosa. CZX and CTM were nearly equal in activity against S. aureus, but CZX was found to be more active than CTM by 1--10 tubes against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, H. influenzae and E. aerogenes. Against Ps. aeruginosa, CZX and SBPC were nearly equal in activity. 2. Serum concentration and urinary recovery. Serum concentrations of CZX were measured in 6 patients given CZX for prophylactic purpose during cardiac catheterization. In 2 patients given 20 mg/kg of CZX intravenously, the average serum concentration was 38.9 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after intravenous bolus injection. In 3 patients given 10 mg/kg of CZX by intravenous drip infusion, the peak average serum concentration was 28.1 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion. Urinary recovery in 2 patients tested was 81.1% and 92.5% until 6--7 hours after intravenous bolus injection. 3. Clinical efficacy. CZX was given intravenously to 24 patients in doses of 30--111 mg/kg (57.1 mg/kg on an average) t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 3--16 days (5.5 days on an average): 1 with lacunar tonsillitis, 4 with acute bronchitis, 12 with pneumonia, 2 with enterocolitis, 2 with soft tissue infection, 2 with lymphadenitis and 1 with UTI. The overall efficacy rate was 95.8%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 10 (41.7%), good in 13 (54.2%), and poor in 1 (4.2%). Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e. 21 of the 23 strains disappeared. One patient had mild and transient diarrhea, but no other laboratory abnormalities were observed during treatment. The above results suggest that CZX is 1 of the most useful antibiotics for treating pediatric infections, especially due to Gram negative bacteria.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in the pediatric field].

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on cefmenoxime (CMX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, and the following results were obtained. 1. Susceptibility of clinically isolated bacteria to CMX and cefotiam (CTM) or cefazolin (CEZ) Antimicrobial activity of CMX was compared with that of CTM and CEZ against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and E. coli. CEZ and CTM were more active than CMX against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae. But CMX was found to be more active by 1-10 tubes than CEZ and CTM against H. influenzae and E. coli. 2. Clinical efficacy. CMX was intravenously administered to 19 patients; 3 with lacunar tonsillitis, 2 with acute bronchitis, 8 with bronchopneumonia, 3 with UTI, 1 with septicemia, 1 with acute panperitonitis, 1 with S.S.S.S. at daily doses of 30-115 mg/kg (64.6 mg/kg on an average) t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 3-17 days (6.1 days on an average). The overall efficacy rate was 94.7%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 10 cases (52.6%), good in 8 cases (42.1%), and poor in 1 case (5.3%). Bacteriological efficacy was good, i.e. 16 of the 19 strains disappeared. Transient eosinophilia was observed in 1 patient, but no other laboratory abnormality was observed during treatment. The above results suggest that CMX is 1 of the useful antibiotics in treatment of pediatric infections, especially due to Gram negative bacteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study on cefmetazole and cefazolin in the treatment of suppurative otitis media].

Cefmetazole (CMZ) was compared to cefazolin (CEZ) for efficacy and safety in the treatment of suppurative otitis media (including acute otitis media and chronic otitis media in acute aggravating stage) under well controlled clinical trials. The therapeutic effects were analyzed statistically in 172 patients (82 administered CMZ, 90 administered CEZ). The adverse reactions were also analyzed statistically in 199 patients (CMZ 99, CEZ 100) in whom the judgement was possible. 1. The efficacy rate of CMZ (72.3% for good to excellent response) was assessed by physicians in charge to be similar to that of CEZ (59.3%). This was the same being assessed by the committee, too (CMZ 64.6%, CEZ 56.7%). 2. When patients were classified into 2 groups (acute otitis media, chronic otitis media in acute aggravating stage) with respect to diagnosis, statistically significant difference in clinical efficacy assessed by physicians in charge was observed in the cases with chronic otitis media (CMZ, CEZ). In addition, the improvements of flares on the drum membrane and the mucous membrane of eardrum were significantly better in the CMZ group than in the CEZ group. 3. Bacteriologically, 16 cases (19.8%) of S. aureus were resistant to CEZ, while only 1 case (1.2%) to CMZ. CMZ was judged to be effective in 5 of the 6 cases in which CEZ-resistant strains were detected. 4. Side effects were found in 2 cases (2.0%) treated with CMZ: one complained of retching and abdominal pain and the other developed skin eruption. On the other hand, only 1 case (1.0%) developed skin eruption in the CEZ group. These results suggest that CMZ is a new antibiotic agent which is highly valuable in the treatment of suppurative otitis media.

Adolescent↗