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Biomedical subjects

M Mehta

Publications and source records attributed to M Mehta.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of lithium ingestion on digestive and absorptive function of rat intestine.

The long-term effect of lithium treatment on the digestive and absorptive function has been investigated in male albino rats. The uptake of D-glucose, amino acids and activities of cellular and brush border enzymes were evaluated after every 3 months. Significantly increased uptake was observed in 6-month lithium-treated rats. The absorptive capacity (Vmax) for D-glucose increased significantly without alteration in the Michaelis constant. Activities of cellular, brush border membrane disaccharidase, leucine aminopeptidase and Na+,K+-ATPase enzymes were significantly augmented in 6-month lithium-treated animals. The elevation in sucrase activity may be due to induction of enzyme since only Vmax was increased in lithium-treated animals. The present biochemical alterations suggest that long-term lithium ingestion stimulates the small bowel digestive and absorptive functions.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Tornwaldt's cyst: clinical and radiological aspects.

Tornwaldt's bursae or nasopharyngeal bursae originate at the interface between the embryonic tissue from which the vertebrae develop (the notochord), and the developing foregut. If the opening through which the bursa drains into the nasopharynx becomes obstructed, a Tornwaldt's cyst will develop. The history, clinical and radiological findings and the operative management of a patient with an infected Tornwaldt's cyst are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bilateral spontaneous temporomandibular joint herniation into the external auditory canal.

The clinical and radiological findings in the first case in the literature of spontaneous, bilateral and asymptomatic herniation of soft tissue from the temporomandibular joint into the anterior wall of the external canal are presented. With the patient's mouth closed, the herniations appeared as a dome-shaped swelling located on the anterior wall of each bony external auditory canal. With the patient's mouth opened, the dome-shaped swellings were retracted anteriorly, producing an invagination of the skin of the external canal at the site of the previous herniation. A high resolution CT scan of the temporal bones revealed that the soft tissue of both temporomandibular joints was protruding through a congenital dehiscence in the anterior wall of the tympanic bones.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effect of dietary cadmium intake on serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in rhesus monkeys.

Circulating thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in rhesus monkeys were determined after various periods of cadmium administration in diet. No significant change in serum T4 and T3 levels was observed after 2 months of cadmium treatment. However, cadmium treatment for 4 months and 6 months showed a significant decrease in serum T4 and T3 levels indicating the adverse effect of long-term cadmium intake which increased gradually with duration of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Iodine deficiency and neonatal hypothyroidism.

The incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism, as reflected in cord-blood thyroxine and thyrotropin levels, varied from 0.6% to 13.3% in iodine-deficient and normal regions of India (selected districts of Uttar Pradesh and Kerala and the city of Delhi), depending on the degree of environmental iodine deficiency. In populations with a high incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism, an increased prevalence of nerve deafness and a shift to the left in the distribution of IQ scores (towards lower scores) have been demonstrated. These indications of mild brain damage suggest that nutritional iodine deficiency can present in other ways than goitre or cretinism. Determination of the incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism using dried cord-blood spot screening appears to be the most useful and reliable method to assess the risk of brain damage in iodine-deficient areas.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed1985

Extradural block. Confirmation of the injection site by X-ray monitoring.

X-ray monitoring was used to confirm the accuracy of extradural block in 100 patients who attended the Pain Relief Clinic for treatment of a variety of different conditions. A Tuohy needle was introduced by the central or paramedian approach and conventional physical signs, notably loss of resistance, used to identify entry into the extradural space. A radio-opaque dye was introduced prior to the analgesic solution, to display the injection site. X-ray screening confirmed the accuracy of the block in 83 patients, but unexpectedly in 17 the point of the needle was either just outside the spinal canal or only partly in the extradural space. There was no difficulty in correcting the needle position with the X-ray facilities available. Imprecise needle siting is only partially explained by technical problems. Imprecise siting of the needle may be responsible for at least some cases of inadequate analgesia or unexpected complications. In our view X-ray confirmation of site is essential for difficult extradural blocks, or when neurolytic solutions are introduced into the spinal canal. It may also be useful in teaching and research.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of venous air embolism on the cardiovascular system and acid base balance in the presence and absence of nitrous oxide.

Cardiovascular responses and acid-base changes with graded volumes of intravenously injected air were measured in dogs anesthesized with pentobarbital and either 100% oxygen or 50% oxygen and nitrous oxide. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly with 2.5 ml of air/kg in the oxygen group and at all volumes in the nitrous oxide group. The volume of air embolus appeared to increase more than twice in the presence of 50% nitrous oxide. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure increased significantly in both groups, while end-tidal carbon dioxide decreased significantly in both groups. The changes in pulmonary artery wedge pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide were simultaneous, suggesting that the less invasive monitoring technique may be utilized in diagnosing significant air embolism. Right atrial pressure increased while left atrial pressure decreased significantly in both groups. With injected volumes of 2.0 and 2.5 ml or air/kg, right atrial pressure exceeded left atrial pressure creating the potential of paradoxical air embolism. The pH and PaO2 decreased while PaCO2 increased significantly during air embolization.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1983

Safety and efficacy of atracurium (BW33A) in surgical patients receiving balanced or isoflurane anesthesia.

Atracurium was administered in a dose range of 0.027-0.4 mg/kg and dose-response curves were established for both balanced and isoflurane anesthetic techniques. With balanced anesthesia, ED50 and ED95 were 0.12 and 0.27 mg/kg, respectively, while with isoflurane they were 0.07 and 0.13 mg/kg and the least-squares regression line R2 values were 0.71 and 0.64, respectively. With balanced anesthesia there was a significant increase in systolic blood pressure at the 0.04 mg/kg dose (P = 0.02), while with isoflurane the systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased at the 0.3 mg/kg dose (P less than 0.03). These changes were clinically insignificant. Atracurium is a potent nondepolarizing muscle relaxant which is potentiated by isoflurane. Its cardiovascular effects appear clinically nonsignificant. There is no evidence of histamine release.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Haemodynamic effects of atracurium in surgical patients under nitrous oxide, oxygen and isoflurane anaesthesia.

The haemodynamic effects of atracurium were studied in 16 patients (ASA I and II) undergoing major surgical procedures under nitrous oxide, oxygen and isoflurane anaesthesia. Atracurium was administered in two doses 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg-1 in the presence of 1.25 MAC isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. There were no significant changes in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance or central venous pressure with either dose. There were statistically significant alterations in heart rate and cardiac index at the 10-min observation in those patients receiving atracurium 0.4 mg kg-1. These changes were deemed to be clinically unimportant in this group of patients. There was no indication of histamine release manifested in the form of allergic reaction or decrease in systemic resistance. It is concluded that those two doses of atracurium have no untoward side-effects on cardiovascular performance at least in this group of healthy patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Intubation conditions after atracurium and suxamethonium.

Conditions for endotracheal intubation provided by different dose regimens of atracurium 0.4 mg kg-1 and 0.5 mg kg-1 were studied and compared with each other and with suxamethonium 1.0 mg kg-1. Intubation was attempted at 2.5, 2 min and 1.5 min following a bolus dose of atracurium, and 1 min following suxamethonium. Ease of intubation was rated excellent in 90-100% of all patients studied. Atracurium, when administered 5 min following recovery from a suxamethonium-induced block, had a significantly faster onset of neuromuscular blockade (P less than 0.01) than the onset observed following atracurium alone. Administration of atracurium 0.42 mg kg-1 3 min after an initial dose of 0.08 mg kg-1 of the drug produced a significantly more rapid onset of block when compared with a bolus dose of 0.5 mg kg-1 (P less than 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Malignant paraganglioma of the prostate and retroperitoneum.

A case of malignant paraganglioma of the prostate, metastatic to the retroperitoneal area, is reported. The literature is reviewed and the possible origin of the disease is discussed. We believe that this is the first report of this entity of prostatic origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The treatment of chronic back pain. A preliminary survey of the effect of radiofrequency denervation of the posterior vertebral joints.

Structures innervated by the dorsal primary ramus play a significant part in the genesis of chronic backache and associated leg pain. The features of this syndrome are described and compared with those in the more familiar clinical picture following intervertebral disc degeneration. However these clinical entities are seldom entirely separate and the diagnosis is often also complicated by psychosomatic factors and the consequences of previous back surgery. A technique of percutaneous facet denervation with a radiofrequency probe, although by no means successful in every case, is entirely safe and a very wothwhile procedure. It has helped many patients, who would otherwise have been disabled by pain and restricted in their activities.

Anesthesia, Local↗