Biomedical subjects

M Masai

Publications and source records attributed to M Masai.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[Assessment of separate renal function with Doppler ultrasound measurement].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate measurement of separate renal function with Doppler ultrasound, renal blood flow velocity of interlobar and segmental arteries was examined with color Doppler echography. METHODS: Maximum blood flow velocity, minimum blood flow velocity, mean blood flow velocity, acceleration, resistive index, and pulsatility index were used as parameters of blood flow. RESULTS: In 71 patients who had undergone unilateral nephrectomy (group 1), interlobar arterial minimal blood flow velocity correlated with creatinine clearance (r = 0.59) and 15 min. PSP value (r = 0.47). In 43 patients whose separate renal functions were different each other (group 2), the separate Ccr calculated from radioisotope renogram, correlated with interlobar arterial minimal blood flow velocity (r = 0.75). As far as unilateral renal blood flow velocity showed the same value, Ccr in group 1 was larger than in one kidney of group 2. This would be account for the fact that the volume of unilateral renal parenchyma which was measured by CT scan was larger in group 1 than in one kidney of group 2. In addition, the left to right ratio of Ccr was similar to that of interlobar arterial minimal blood flow velocity. Interlobar arterial minimal blood flow velocity has been decreasing along with aging in cases with normal kidneys. CONCLUSION: Color Doppler echography is a useful technique for estimating separate renal function.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMed1995

[A case of leiomyosarcoma of the diverticulum of urinary bladder].

A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of gross hematuria. Cystoscopy showed an approximately 4-cm non-papillary tumor in and out of the diverticulum of the left posterior wall. Total cystectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma. According to TNM classification of bladder cancer, the stage of this tumor was pT3bpN0M0. The patient had local recurrence two months after the operation, and died a month later. This is the second case of leiomyosarcoma of the diverticulum of urinary bladder reported in Japan.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Effect of early exposure of flutamide on subsequent growth of transplantable rat prostatic tumor (dunning R-3327).

Rat transplantable prostatic tumors (Dunning R-3327) were treated with flutamide before tumors grew palpable, in order to examine the effect of short term treatment of antiandrogen for prostatic cancer in latent period on the growth after appearance of tumor. Flutamide delayed an appearance of the tumor nodule and retarded the growth rate in proportion as treatment began earlier. Flutamide also reduced final tumor volume. Flutamide-treated tumors histologically consisted of small or dilated glandular structure with an increase in stromal area, but androgen receptors were preserved. Flutamide-treated tumor showed slow growth with androgen sensitivity when transplanted to intact rats, showing prolonged influences of antiandrogen on tumor growth. There was no significant difference between flutamide-treated and control groups in weight of accessory sex organs and serum androgen or estrogen levels. In conclusion, flutamide treatment may retard an appearance of prostatic cancer concomitant in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Chemotherapy for endocrine-therapy-refractory prostate cancer.

The effects of various chemotherapy regimens on endocrine-therapy-refractory prostate cancer were examined in 64 patients. Chemotherapy was started from the first evidence of relapse. The regimens of the initial chemotherapy were as follows: cisplatin (CDDP, 4 cases) and ifosfamide (4 cases) were given as single agents and vincristine, ifosfamide, and peplomycin (VIP, 8 cases); cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and CDDP (CAP, 14 cases); ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and CDDP (IAP, 24 cases); and etoposide, doxorubicin, and CDDP (EAP, 10 cases) were given as combinations. On the basis of the results, the patients were divided into two groups: single agents plus VIP and other combinations. In the CAP, IAP, and EAP groups, the cause-specific survival was similar, and the survival of these groups was longer than that of the single agents plus VIP group. Since patients with a long duration between the start of endocrine therapy and the start of chemotherapy were contained in the CAP, IAP, and EAP groups, comparison was performed without these cases. No difference was found between the two groups, suggesting that no superior regimen was found. The short-term effect was evaluated on the basis of the changes observed in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels at 3 months after the start of chemotherapy, and patients showing a complete response, partial response, or no change on any of the regimens exhibited longer survival than did those with progressive disease. Since the PSA doubling time estimated before the chemotherapy correlated with the change in the PSA values due to the chemotherapy, the rate of proliferation of the tumor influenced the effect of the chemotherapy. Thus, this finding suggests that slowly growing cancers show a better response to chemotherapy than do rapidly proliferating ones.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1994

Relationship between diurnal rhythm of serum testosterone and two prostatic markers (PSA and PAP) in untreated prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relation between diurnal rhythm of serum levels of testosterone and two prostatic markers, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). METHODS: Blood was obtained every four hours during a thirty-two-hour period from fourteen men with untreated prostate cancer. RESULTS: Serum levels of PSA and PAP showed circadian rhythm in 4 and 5 patients, respectively. About half of the remaining patients, the highest or nearly highest peaks of serum levels of PSA or PAP were observed in the afternoon rather than the morning. In 3 patients, circadian rhythms were not observed in serum levels of PAP, but the fluctuation patterns were the same as those of testosterone and showed synchronous movement. In 7 patients, serum testosterone levels were followed by the same fluctuation pattern for either PSA or PAP after some time delay. Little change in serum levels of PSA was seen throughout the thirty-two-hour period despite large fluctuations of testosterone and PAP levels in 5 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Close relation between the fluctuation in serum levels of PSA and PAP, and that in serum levels of testosterone during diurnal periods could be considered. However, the relationship between serum testosterone levels and those of PSA and PAP was ambiguous because of both the difference in the time delay of PSA and PAP in relation to testosterone and the small fluctuation in PSA despite obvious fluctuations in testosterone and PAP in some cases.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical findings on androgen receptor in mouse androgen-dependent tumor (Shionogi Carcinoma 115) and its independent sublines.

To examine the androgen receptor in androgen-dependent and -independent tumor immunohistochemically, an indirect immunofluorescence study with an antibody to human androgen receptor was performed. Shionogi Carcinoma 115 (SC 115) cells are an androgen-dependent mouse tumor, but the growth is sustained without androgen when fetal bovine serum is added to serum-free medium. Cells obtained from successive culture (A (-)X cells; X is generations after removal of androgen) were androgen-independent but showed binding to androgen. SC 115 cells, A (-) cells and CS 2 cells which are the other androgen-independent cells derived from SC 115, were used in the study. The androgen receptor (AR) in SC115 cells was stained as small-sized oval granules localized in the nucleus, and the number of the granules was 10-20 per cell. Removal of testosterone for one day as well as one week did not change the size of the AR, but some of the AR in A (-) 10 cells and in generations thereafter appeared to be large. Other small ones were similar to that in SC 115 cells. The nuclear location of the AR did not change in A (-) cells. The ratio of cells containing large AR to the total number of cells increased with each generation after the removal of testosterone from the culture. The addition of testosterone to the culture changed the AR in A (-) 40 cells to small ones, but did not influence the form of the AR in A (-) 60 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Androgens↗

PubMed1994

[Study of prognostic factors for renal function in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease].

To examine clinical features and the prognostic factors for renal function in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a total of 118 patients (60 men and 58 women) were followed for 3 to 192 months (mean 77 months). The mean age of men at the diagnosis of ADPKD was younger than that of women. Main Symptoms were hematuria, hypertension and proteinuria. Forty-one % of the patients showed deterioration of renal function at the diagnosis. The rate of residual volume of renal parenchyma on CT findings was correlated well with renal function. Twenty-eight % of the patients preserved good and stable renal functions for over 5 years, while most of others had deterioration in their renal function. Thirty-four % of the patients started dialysis within 79 +/- 62 months from the diagnosis. The frequency of end stage renal failure was 7% at 40 years, 21% at 50 years, 36% at 60 years and 63% at 70 years old, respectively. Men needed hemodialysis at younger ages than women. Renal function of the patients with hypertension was worse than that of the patients without hypertension. The ratio of the value of P.S.P.120 to that of serum creatinine (PSP120/sCr), and the rate of residual volume of renal parenchyma revealed distinct prognostic factors for renal function.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Prognostic factors influencing the growth of renal calculi].

Factors influencing the growth of renal calculi were examined. In order to calculate the volume of stone on X-ray film, stones obtained from open operation or spontaneous passage were measured long (a) and short (b) diameter, and equation to obtain stone volume was assumed. Stone volume = 0.43 (pi ab (a + b))/12 + 0.04 was the mostly related to the volume measured by water volume, when size was less than 2 cm in diameter. Using the equation, factors influencing the growth of renal calculi of 136 kidney, which were followed over 6 months, were studied with monovariate analysis. Of the 136 kidneys, 36 have calcium oxalete stones, 54 have mixed stones with calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, 3 have mixed stones with calcium oxalate and uric acid, and other 43 have stones with unknown composition. Uric acid stones, cystine stones and infectious stones were excluded in the study. Growth of stone was greater in male than in female. Pelvic stones grew rapidly than renal caliceal stones. The patients were divided into two groups by growth rate; non growing (< 10%/year), and growing group (> 10%/year), respectively. Excretion of urinary calcium was high in the growing group. Urinary magnesium/calcium was low in the growing group. When divided into two groups by growth volume; non growing (< 0.005 cm3/year), and growing group (> 0.005 cm3/year), respectively, excretion of urinary calcium was high in the growing group and urinary magnesium/calcium was low in the growing group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Supported angioplasty with synchronized retroperfusion in high-risk patients with left main trunk or near left main trunk obstruction.

To test the feasibility of synchronized retroperfusion (SRP) as a support device of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for high-risk patients, 10 patients with left main trunk or near left main trunk obstruction underwent PTCA with SRP. An 8.5F retroperfusion catheter was inserted from the antecubital vein into the coronary sinus. Arterial blood was supplied through the catheter into the myocardium with a retroperfusion pump during the diastolic phase by means of ECG triggering. In all patients, the narrowings were successfully dilated and an improvement of more than 20% in the luminal diameter stenosis was achieved; however, narrowing of more than 50% (58%) remained in one patient. In all patients, systemic hemodynamics was maintained for more than 30 seconds during balloon inflation. In seven patients, a 60-second balloon inflation was possible without any collapse of systemic hemodynamics. To test the protective effect of SRP on myocardial ischemia and impairment of systemic hemodynamics, balloon inflation without SRP was performed in eight patients after successful dilatation. The duration for balloon inflation with SRP (71 +/- 30 seconds; n = 8) was significantly longer than that without SRP (56 +/- 30 seconds; n = 8). The decrease in systolic aortic pressure, the increase in pulmonary diastolic pressure, and ST-T segment elevation in the precordial lead of ECG during balloon inflation with SRP were less than those during balloon inflation without SRP. After PTCA, angina was not provoked by exercise stress testing in any of the 10 patients. We concluded that SRP is a beneficial support device of PTCA for high-risk patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Androgen receptor gene mutations in human prostate cancer.

To investigate the structural abnormality of the androgen receptor (AR) in human prostate cancers, exons B-H encoding DNA- and hormone-binding domains were examined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products using originally designed oligoprimers. Tissues from 7 cases of untreated stage B prostate cancer surgically removed and from 8 cases of endocrine therapy-resistant cancers obtained at autopsy were used in the study. Two different mutations were identified in exons D and H in the different cancer foci of the same cancer death patient. One mutation in exon D (at codon 701, Leu to His) was detected in the prostate, and the other in exon H (at codon 877, Thr to Ala) was found in metastatic tissues. In untreated cancer tissues and the other autopsy samples, no mutations were detected. The mutation in exon H was identical to that reported in LNCaP cells. These results indicate that AR gene mutations occur in relation to endocrine therapy-resistance, although the mutation was found in 1 out of 8 resistant cases (12.5%) at autopsy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

[A case of prostatic carcinoma with ectopic ACTH syndrome].

A 67-year-old man was admitted to the orthopedic ward, complaining of severe pain in his right greater trochanter. He was diagnosed as spinal cord tumor and underwent laminectomy for extirpation of the tumor. Histological examination revealed bone metastasis of unknown origin. Laboratory data revealed hypokalemia and hyperglycemia. Endocrinological data showed elevation of plasma cortisol and ACTH, and increased excretion of urinary 17-OHCS. Ten specimens needle biopsy of the prostate showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, thus patient was diagnosed as prostate cancer with bone metastasis (stage D2) and perhaps ectopic ACTH production. Castration was performed, however 2 days after the surgery he died suddenly. We suspected that cerebral hemorrhage was the cause of his death. On autopsy ectopic ACTH production in the prostate was confirmed.

ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic↗

PubMed1993

[A simple renal cyst].

Incidence of simple renal cysts was calculated in 30,316 patients receiving routine ultrasound examination in one hospital, and 170 cases visiting Chiba University Hospital were further analyzed in terms of their clinical features. Incidence of simple renal cyst was 14% in all populations and ratio of male to female was 1.6:1. Patients age ranged from 8 to 92 years (average age 58.6 years) and number of a renal cyst was increased after fifth decade in both sexes. Patients of Chiba University Hospital were examined on symptoms and clinical courses with maximal follow up to 132 months (average 18 months). Symptoms associated with simple renal cysts were: none (75.3%) pain (14.7%) and gross hematuria (6.4%). Urinalysis of patients without associated urinary diseases, showed microhematuria in 40% and proteinuria in 12%, however, grade of microhematuria and proteinuria was not correlated with size of cysts. Number of cysts tended to increase with age. Size of cysts and rate of enlargement were increasing along with age. In any cases, renal function was not and affected nor occurred malignant tumor during follow-up period. Cyst punctures with sclerosing agent were performed in 16 patients, and most of the cysts remained the same as or exceeded their original size. It is concluded that routine follow-up is sufficient in most cases without symptoms, since simple renal cysts increase slowly, and impairment of renal function and progression to malignant tumors do not occur.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Determination of tumor marker doubling time in the patients with prostate cancer relapsed from endocrine therapy].

Twenty seven patients with endocrine therapy relapsed prostate cancer were studied by measuring their prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), gamma-semino-protein (gamma-Sm) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) serially before change of the treatment, and tumor marker doubling time was calculated. The exponential increase in PAP, PSA and gamma-Sm was observed in all patients and ALP showed a similar pattern in some. The values of PAP doubling time were the same as those of PSA, but gamma-Sm doubling time was slightly longer than the former ones. Tumor marker doubling time correlated with survival after the increase in markers, and also with time between the start of endocrine therapy and the increase in markers. Patients who showed either NC or PR to chemotherapy had a longer tumor marker doubling time than those with PD. In cases showing progression of bone metastasis, patients with exponential increase in ALP showed worse prognosis when compared with those showing other patterns. From these results, it was demonstrated that determination of tumor marker doubling time in patients with endocrine therapy relapsed prostate cancer was a valuable method to measure rate of regrowth, and to assess the prognosis after relapse.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1993

[Nucleolar organizer regions in renal cell carcinoma].

Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) were examined in 96 patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy at Department of Urology, Chiba University Hospital during 1985-1990. Silver staining was performed with one-step method described by Ploton5), and average numbers of grains in a cell were obtained by counting 100 cells. Numbers of AgNORs were increased along with up grading. When AgNORs were compared in various cell types, the number in pleomorphic and spindle types and that in Bellini duct carcinomas were more than that in common types. The number of AgNORs correlated with pT and pV factors, but no relationship was shown between the number and these factors when compared in the same grade. The tumor size correlated with the number of AgNORs. The number of AgNORs in the primary legion showed a reversed correlation with doubling times calculated from either primary, recurrent or metastatic legions examined in 22 cases. In all cases it tended that the number of AgNORs correlated with survival, however survival in G3 cases was not influenced due to worse prognosis. It was concluded that the number of AgNORs in renal cell carcinoma was an additional factor for estimating the properties of tumor cells.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in benign hyperplastic and cancerous human prostates.

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were examined histologically in cells of benign hyperplastic and cancerous human prostates. Individual dots of AgNORs inside nucleus that were stained as separate granules or as parts of clusters were counted as one, and the average number of dots per cell was obtained by counting 100 nuclei. The number in epithelial cells was similar to that in stromal cells of hyperplastic prostates. In cancerous prostates, the number was larger than in hyperplastic prostates and increased along with upgrading. The number in incidental cancers was smaller than in clinical cancers as compared with cells of the same Gleason pattern. Number correlated with T factor, but not with N and M factors. Response to treatment and cause-specific survival in stage D2 patients receiving endocrine therapy did not correlate with number, although a relationship between Gleason pattern and survival was shown in these patients. It was concluded that AgNORs might not be an indicator to predict prognosis after endocrine therapy, since a number of AgNORs did not influence response to the therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

Clinical course of bone metastasis from prostatic cancer following endocrine therapy: examination with bone x-ray.

X-ray findings of bone metastatic lesions from 81 cases of stage D2 prostatic cancer were examined before and following endocrine therapy. Untreated lesions were classified into five types; osteoblastic (15%), mixed, but mainly osteoblastic (31%), mixed, but mainly osteolytic (17%), osteolytic (10%), and undetermined with a positive bone scan (27%). Patients with two mixed types had a tendency of widely speeded areas of metastasis and elevated serum prostatic acid phosphatase. Temporal enlargement of sclerotic lesion immediately after the start of therapy did not indicate disease progression. In many cases, changes from osteolytic to osteoblastic patterns were noticed in the same lesion regardless of the effects of endocrine therapy. Remodeling to the sclerotic pattern appeared as curative changes. From these findings, it was concluded that the natural course of bone lesions showed a tendency to change from the osteolytic to osteoblastic type and relapse was often accompanied by an increase of the osteolytic type lesion. Evaluation of therapeutic effects based on remodeling, changes in number and areas of lesions, and the appearance of new lesion correlated well with prognosis.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Relationship between extent of bone metastases and effect of endocrine therapy evaluated with bone scintigraphy in stage D2 prostatic cancer].

Bone scintigraphy of metastatic lesion on 128 patients with prostatic cancer were classified according to the proposal by Soloway et al (Cancer, 61; 195-202, 1988). Since all patients received endocrine therapy, the response to therapy and survival were examined in relation to bone lesion. In extent of disease (EOD) 1, main metastatic lesions were located in the pelvis, lumbar spine, and with increasing number of EOD, metastases in the upper spine, rib, and skull appeared. Longer survival were noticed in EOD 1, followed by EOD 2 and EOD 3, and EOD 4 revealed the shortest survival. The survival of EOD 2 was similar to thus of EOD 3. However, when grades of tumor were considered, moderately differentiated cancer showed longer survival than poorly differentiated cancer in EOD 2 and EOD 3. The response as assessed by bone scintigraphy following 6-month therapy was well correlated with the number of EOD. When individual items for evaluation of response were examined, the results of local response of the prostate and values of PAP showed good correlation with survivals, however, that of bone lesions with bone scintigraphy failed to show such a correlation with prognosis. Therefore, it is concluded that the therapeutic evaluation of bone lesions with bone scintigraphy is difficult to interpret 6 months after initiation of treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

[Production of polyclonal antibody against human androgen receptor and immunohistochemical study of human androgen receptor in prostatic tissues].

We produced polyclonal antibody against human androgen receptor (hAR) by means of immunizing a rabbit with hAR fusion protein that was expressed in E. coli. In Western blot analysis, this antibody, NH27, recognized two protein bands at the site of 110 kDa and 107 kDa in androgen-independent human prostatic cancer cells (PC-3), transfected with full-length hAR expression plasmid DNA and at the site of 114 kDa and 108 kDa in androgen-dependent human prostatic cancer cells (LNCaP). In immunohistochemical examination with NH27, the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells in human benign prostatic hyperplasia were mainly stained as did with AN1-15, commercially available hAR monoclonal antibody. Titer of NH27, however, was about five times more high than that of AN1-15. In prostatic cancer cells the nuclei were stained with NH27 as did with AN1-15. Intensity of staining was various between the nuclei of cancer cells. The polyclonal antibody, NH27, produced in the present study is useful in investigating the characterization of AR in androgen-dependent and -independent prostatic cancers.

Animals↗