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Biomedical subjects

M Martin

Publications and source records attributed to M Martin.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Use of three probes to assess the influence of sex on hepatic drug metabolism.

Clearances of phenytoin (PHT), ethosuximide, and theophylline were estimated by a single-dose, single-sample strategy in healthy, young adult men and women. PHT concentrations were measured in salivary ultrafiltrates, ethosuximide concentrations were measured in saliva, and theophylline concentrations were measured in plasma. Estimates of the clearances of these three probes of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes revealed a trend toward slightly lower clearances among women compared to men: mean PHT clearance 15% lower, ethosuximide clearance 27% lower, and theophylline clearance 14% lower. However, only differences in ethosuximide clearances were statistically significant. The use of oral contraceptive steroid (OCS) drugs on PHT and ethosuximide clearance was examined, and no significant effects were detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Role of thoracic radiotherapy in small cell bronchial carcinomas].

Radiotherapy plays a vital role in the treatment of small cell lung carcinoma. Nevertheless, it has recently become a subject of controversy. Local recurrences are frequently the cause of therapeutic failure in localized stages. The analysis of randomized trials has not clearly established the role of radiotherapy in the improvement of survival. The quality of radiotherapy, the dose, the volume, the fractionation as well as combined radiotherapeutic/chemotherapeutic regimens appear to be important factors.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

[Chemo-radiotherapy combination in small cell bronchial carcinomas. Limitations and results in 109 patients treated with an alternating protocol].

One hundred and nine patients with limited small cell lung carcinoma were entered in a phase II study alternating six cycles of combination chemotherapy and three courses of mediastinal radiotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 day 1, etoposide 75 mg/m2 days 1, 2, 3, cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 days 3, 4, 5, 6, and methotrexate 400 mg/m2 day 2 (+folinic acid rescue) or cisplatin 100 mg/m2 day 2. The total mediastinal radiation dose was 45 or 55 Gy. A 6 to 8 cycle maintenance chemotherapy followed this induction protocol. The complete remission rate at the end of the induction therapy was 79%. The local recurrence rate was 25% and the distant metastases rate was 52%. Median survival is 17.2 +/- 1.2 months and survival rate at 3 years is 26%. Lethal toxicity occurred in 3% of patients during induction therapy, and long term survivors are being evaluated. Our results justify further investigations with this alternating schedule.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

[Respiratory sequellae after alternated chemotherapy and radiotherapy for small cell anaplastic cancer].

The authors analyze the respiratory sequelae in 19 patients with limited small cell lung carcinoma who survived for more than 30 months following an alternating chemo-radiotherapeutic combined regimen. The clinical tolerance measured with respiratory functional test is acceptable. In two patients an effort dyspnea is increased by evolutive, chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy. Radiologic sequellae are constant and correlated with the volume of irradiation and cumulative etoposide doses. The role of a combined chemo-radiotherapeutic in pulmonary toxicity is discussed.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1987

[Salvage irradiation of epidermoid carcinoma of the oropharynx by iridium 192].

Between May 1971 and March 1982, 73 patients with either recurrent or subsequent squamous cell carcinomas arising in a previously irradiated oropharynx were treated using iridium 192 wires. Although local control was achieved in 72% of these patients, only 10 remained alive at 5 years (14%). Local control was best for tonsillar arch lesions (96%), while base of tongue and glosso-tonsillar sulcus tumors were controlled in only 60%. One of the two patients with a posterior pharyngeal wall lesion is alive and well at 5 years, while the other died of an unknown cause at 20 months. Salvage implantation produced soft tissue necrosis in 36% of base of tongue implants, but only 18% of those involving the tonsillar arch. Although one necrosis was fatal, the others were successfully managed medically. Since these results compare favorably with those of previously published series, we recommend re-irradiation with iridium 192 for recurrent or new malignancies arising in a previously irradiated oropharynx. For tonsillar arch lesions, brachytherapy is the treatment of choice while in the base of tongue, it is reasonable option.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Curietherapy of the eustachian tube with Ir-192].

An essential success factor for tympanoplasties is effective aeration of middle ear, lack of tubular permeability being a factor for failure. The anti-inflammatory effect of curietherapy with Iridium 192 introduced into the tube during middle ear surgery was studied in 38 patients. Tubular dysfunction was evaluated by clinical and manometric examinations. During operation, a sealed plastic tube 1.6 mm in diameter was introduced into the Eustachian tube, an Iridium wire inserted on the following day, and a dose of 1.5 and 3 Gy applied to two groups respectively. Tubular function was assessed as normal or almost normal in 61% of cases. Results were compared with a group of 30 patients not receiving curietherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Update on exclusive radiotherapy of T1 and T2 of the faucial arch].

From April 1971 to October 1984, 71 patients with T1 or T2 tumors of the faucial arch were treated according to the following protocol: Telecobalt therapy to the primary site and to the neck nodes to a dose of 45 Gy. Brachytherapy to the primary site to a dose of 25 to 30 Gy using iridium 192. For node positive patients, boost dose to involved neck nodes with electrons, or radical neck dissection. Seven patients with T1N0 tumors were treated exclusively by 60 Gy iridium implantation. The crude disease free survival is 66% for the group of patients with tumors of the tonsillar region and 41% for those with tumors of the soft palate or uvula. Local control of tonsillar tumors was 98% while that of tumors of the soft palate was 85%. Regional control was 98% for the N0 group and 87% for the N1-3 group. Five cases of soft tissue ulceration were observed, all of which healed spontaneously within a few months. Less salivary impairment was seen than after treatment by external irradiation alone. While these promising results have encouraged the use of this protocol, the introduction of the plastic tube technique has expanded the indications to include almost all T1 and T2 tumors of the faucial arch without obvious extension to the base of tongue or retromolar trigone.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Molecular analysis of the yellow locus of Drosophila.

The yellow (y) locus of Drosophila controls the pattern of pigmentation of the adult cuticle and larval mouth parts. Mutations of y belong to two phenotypic classes; type1 mutants exhibit a total loss of pigmentation from all parts of the cuticle and type 2 mutants show allele-specific mosaic pigmentation patterns. We have cloned y by P-element tagging followed by chromosome walking. We demonstrate that a 2.1-kb transcript which spans 4.6 kb of genomic sequence is the y transcript. The location of this transcript and the putative protein it encodes has been defined by nuclease protection, primer extension and DNA sequencing experiments. A 12-kb genomic fragment containing this transcript along with 2.8 kb of 5'-flanking sequence and 4.6 kb of 3'-flanking sequence is sufficient for the wild-type expression of the larval and adult cuticle phenotypes in germ-line transformants. The majority (12/14) of type1 mutants show structural lesions within exon coding portions of y. Most (6/7) of the type2 structural lesions map 5' to the start of y transcription. One type2 mutant which contains an insertion within the 5'-transcribed but non-translated region appears to have resulted from the internal deletion of a P-element associated with a type1 allele.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

[Conservative treatment of breast cancer. Results after 10 years].

Between 1961 and 1975, 300 women with cancer of the breast (T1:72; T2:167; T3:61) were treated conservatively with radiotherapy alone (T3) or with partial or predominant radiotherapy combined with tumorectomy without axillary dissection (T1 or T2). The results, normalized at 10 years, confirmed that the survival rate (crude or NED) was exactly the same as with other conservative treatments or mutilating surgical treatments. Relapses were few (8%) in T1 cases and acceptable in T2 and T3 cases (13% and 18% respectively); in almost every patient they were amenable to surgery, with good local postoperative course. The prevalence of metastases was directly proportional to the size of the tumour; it was neither more nor less frequent than after radical surgery. Complications were rare and not very severe. Cosmetic results were either excellent (T1) or satisfactory (T2, T3). Finally, the proportions of breasts preserved at 10 years among patients alive and NED was very high, ranging from 96% (T1) to 91% (T2) and 87% (T3). These good results were associated with the possibility of high dosage additional endocurietherapy of the tumoral area with iridium 192, particularly in extensive forms where tumorectomy was cosmetically precluded. Since 1975, we have been using the conservative treatment in closer association with non mutilating surgery.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Urinary metabolites of L-threonine in type 1 diabetes determined by combined gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

Metabolic profiling of urinary organic acids from patients with juvenile-onset (Type 1) diabetes mellitus have revealed significantly elevated levels of 2-hydroxybutyric and 4-deoxythreonic acids. To test the hypothesis that these metabolites, as well as 4-deoxyerythronic acid, are derived from L-threonine, stable isotope-labeled threonine was infused into an insulin-deficient dog and the incorporation of 13C into these metabolites was monitored by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Electron ionization was relatively insensitive, but positive chemical ionization with ammonia as the reactant gas gave both protonated molecules and [M + NH4]+ ions, which could be analysed by selected ion monitoring. The isotope-labeled species of 2-hydroxybutyric, 4-deoxyerythronic and 4-deoxythreonic acids were observed, but 13C was not incorporated into other organic acids. Thus, it is proposed that L-threonine is a precursor of these metabolites.

Animals↗