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Biomedical subjects

M Mahmoud

Publications and source records attributed to M Mahmoud.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The effect of pentosan polysulphate (SP54) on the fibrinolytic enzyme system--a human volunteer and experimental animal study.

Pentosan polysulphate causes an increase in plasminogen activator activity in plasma both after oral ingestion and after subcutaneous injection. The effect is greatest after 3 h and has disappeared by 6 h. Repeat doses by mouth over 5 days elicit a similar response. The recorded increase in activity is due largely to the release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) from the endothelium according to the antigen assay although there could be a small contribution from Factor XII-related "intrinsic" fibrinolysis induced in vitro. SP54 enhances activity ex vivo by a non-specific surface effect, and this phenomenon may contribute the increased levels of activity seen in vitro. Administration of SP54 to animals elicits a similar increase in activator activity, the intramuscular route being slightly more effective. Results with an inferior vena cava thrombosis model in the rat suggest that pentosan polysulphate may induce a thrombolytic effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Bioimmunoassay (BIA) of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its specific inhibitor (t-PA/INH).

A bioimmunoassay (BIA) for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is described which depends on the binding of t-PA and its inhibitor complexes to an immobilised IgG to t-PA and the subsequent assessment of the bound t-PA using glutamic acid-plasminogen (glu-plgn) and the chromogenic substrate, S-2251. This assay indicated that neither normal plasma nor its euglobulin precipitate contain any measurable free and functionally active t-PA. The BIA was also used to measure the level of the fast acting specific t-PA inhibitor (t-PA/INH) in plasma by assessing the residual t-PA activity in the plasma euglobulin fraction (pH 5.9), following the addition of a known amount of t-PA to the plasma.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1983

Studies of the heterogeneity of antithrombin III concentrates.

The biological activities of antithrombin III (At III) concentrates, prepared by several manufacturers for clinical use, have been compared by three assay methods, and their heparin-binding properties studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and heparin affinity chromatography. Concentrates from two of the four manufacturers showed discrepancies between assay methods, with concentrations by heparin co-factor assays significantly lower than those by immunological and progressive antithrombin methods. Heterogeneity was also found by heparin binding studies, with about half the total At III antigen in these concentrates being unable to bind to heparin. These results confirm previous findings of heterogeneity in At III concentrates and show that some concentrates contain substantial amounts of altered At III molecules in which the heparin-binding site has been denatured but the thrombin-neutralizing site left largely intact.

Antigens↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of the ELISA test as an epidemiological tool in schistosomiasis.

The ELISA test was studied to assess its applicability in epidemiological surveys of schistosomiasis. Specimens of serum, stool and urine from persons attending an outpatient clinic in an endemic area for S. mansoni and S. haematobium in Egypt were tested in the laboratories of the Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo. The ELISA test results were compared with parasitological findings and with the results of indirect immunofluorescence and indirect hemagglutination tests as reference data. The ELISA test showed an excellent sensitivity and specificity for both infections; the reading and recording of the extinction rates can be automated by using in time and money. The test can be strongly recommended for epidemiological surveys.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in human seminal plasma.

Following lymphocyte activation a soluble form of TAC antigen is released. This soluble molecule (soluble interleukin-2 receptor, SIL-2R) seems to corresponds to a truncated extracellular part of the membrane-bound TAC antigen, being smaller than its cellular counterpart. SIL-2R was determined and correlated with PMN elastase levels in the seminal plasma of 79 adult men having different concentrations of PMN elastase (0-700 micrograms/L). The normal level of SIL-2R was detected in the seminal plasma of 15 healthy men. The mean +/- SEM was 101 +/- 29 units/mL. The relation between PMN elastase in human seminal plasma as an index for the state of lymphocyte activity and the sperm motility is also investigated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Corticosteroid prophylaxis for neurologic complications of intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

To assess in a retrospective analysis if there is evidence suggesting corticosteroids can prevent the neurologic complications of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). From March 1985 to September 1997, 112 children received IVIG (1 g/kg/day for one or two dosages) for the treatment of ITP. During the years 1990 to 1997, 23 children nonrandomly received a short course of prednisone (2 mg/kg/day during and for 3 days after the completion of IVIG therapy) as a prophylaxis against the neurologic complications of IVIG therapy. The authors analyzed the data of all 112 children and compared the incidence of neurologic complications in those who received prednisone prophylaxis with those who did not. The severity of the complications was assessed as follows: grade 1, headache only; grade 2, headache plus vomiting; grade 3, headache, vomiting, and fever; grade 4, headache, vomiting, fever, and meningeal signs (aseptic meningitis). Of the 23 children who received prednisone prophylaxis, 2 (8.7%) experienced headache and vomiting after the completion of prednisone prophylaxis. Of the 89 children without prednisone prophylaxis, 27 (30.3%) experienced neurologic symptoms of varying severity, including one patient with aseptic meningitis proven by examination of the spinal fluid. Twelve of these patients needed additional hospital care for the complications. Children receiving prednisone had a 78% lower risk of neurologic complications (OR = 0.22; CI = 0.05-0.90; P = 0.036). This retrospective study shows a short course of prednisone therapy, given during and until 3 days after the completion of IVIG infusion, is likely to decrease the incidence and severity of neurologic complications of IVIG in children with ITP.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multivariate analysis of bcl-2, apoptosis, P53 and HER-2/neu in breast cancer: a short-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Several molecular genetic alterations in breast cancer, including aneuploidy, altered apoptosis, aberrant expression of p53, HER-2/neu and Bcl-2, have been associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. To determine the importance of molecular-genetic factors relative to more traditional surgical-pathological prognostic factors, multivariate analysis was performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-four fresh tissue samples of primary breast carcinoma were studied with flow cytometry for DNA ploidy. On the same specimens, steroid hormone receptors (ER and PR) were measured in the cytosol fraction using Abbott ELISA assays. HER-2/neu was determined in the membrane fraction and mutant p53 protein in the nuclear fraction, both, by Oncogene Science ELIZA procedures. Bcl-2 and apoptosis (cell death) were measured in cell lysates by Oncogene Science & Boehringer Mannheim ELISA assays. In addition, information regarding surgical-pathological features of the tumor was obtained. Multivariate analysis using an unconditional logistic regression model was done to identify variables predictive of poor prognosis. RESULTS: Using univariate analysis, histological grade, tumor stage, lymph node status, HER-2/neu and mutant p53 were predictive of poor short-term prognosis. By multivariate analysis, tumor stage, lymph node status and HER-2/neu were independent factors. Grade subgroup analysis versus time of relapse, illustrated a predictive value of Bcl-2 in only low-grade tumors while apoptosis was significant in high-grade type. CONCLUSION: Among a panel of molecular-genetic factors investigated, HER-2/neu was the most strongly predictive of poor short-term prognosis in breast cancer. Patients with HER-2/neu-positive tumors can benefit from Herceptin therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemotherapeutic management of bronchogenic carcinoma: trials with NSC-140117, a new methanesulfonic acid ester of aminoglycol.

A new drug, NSC-140117, was used in the management of 15 patients who had late bronchogenic carcinoma and were unable to receive surgical or radiotherapeutic treatment. Good responses in the form of 90% shrinkage in the size of the lesionswere encountered in nine patients (60%). Response is still being maintained from 6 months to 1.5 years after the start of therapy. No toxic effects, including hematopoietic toxicity, were encountered.

Adult↗