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Biomedical subjects

M Mahmoud

Publications and source records attributed to M Mahmoud.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

No correlation between radiosensitivity or double-strand break repair capacity of normal fibroblasts and acute normal tissue reaction after radiotherapy of breast cancer patients.

The aim was to study the relationship between cellular radiosensitivity or double-strand break (dsb) repair capacity of skin fibroblasts and the extent of acute reaction after radiotherapy for breast cancer. The study was performed with 25 breast cancer patients submitted to the radiotherapy unit of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute after conserving surgery. Dermal fibroblasts, established from skin biopsies, were used to determine the cellular radiosensitivity via colony assay and the capacity of dsb repair by constant-field gel electrophoresis. Acute reactions were scored using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) classification. The spectrum of acute reactions varied from grade 1 to 4, whereby most patients developed a grade 1 reaction after total doses ranging between 46 and 70 Gy. Skin fibroblasts showed a pronounced variation in both cellular radiosensitivity expressed as the mean inactivation dose (Dbar) (coefficient of variation, CV=25%) as well as in the number of residual dsb (CV=33%) with no significant correlation between these two endpoints (r2=0.20, p=0.14). Both parameters did not correlate with the extent of acute reaction of the respective patient. The data obtained indicate that the sensitivity of fibroblasts measured either by colony assay or by dsb repair capacity is not a major parameter determining the extent of acute reaction after radiotherapy of breast cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Diagnosis and management of galactosemia: an Egyptian experience.

OBJECTIVE: To screen normal and high risk Egyptian neonates for galactosemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 2238 neonates classified into two groups. Group I included screening of 1794 normal newborns. Group II included 374 high risk neonates (jaundice, hepatomegaly and failure to thrive). Group III 70 prematures. Total galactose was determined by enzymatic colourimetric method in dried blood spot (Quantase). The enzymes activities (uridyltransferase and epimerase) were measured using C14. RESULTS: One case of galactosemia was found in the first group and 26 cases in the second group. 19 patients suffered from uridyltransferase deficiency, the parents of 16 (88.8%) of this classic form were consanguineous and 5 (27.7%) parents had history of a previously affected child. Mean age of diagnosis was 3.8 month with a mean total gal value of 52.9 mg/dl. 10 (55.5%) of them have cataract. The other 8 affected neonates were epimerase deficiency patients. 5 (62.5%) of them born to consanguineous parents. Parents of the epimerase deficiency neonates have no previously affected children. Mean age of diagnosis was 7.2 month with a mean total gal of 17.5 mg/dl. All eight patients have cataract. CONCLUSION: Mass screening program is not available yet in Egypt. Screening of the high risk neonates is a priority. Diagnosis of different galactosemia forms is mandatory to structure the management strategy accordingly. (Fig. 4, Ref: 26.)

Egypt↗
PubMed2002

Pattern of meningitis in Al-Ain medical district, United Arab Emirates--a decadal experience (1990-99).

OBJECTIVES: Haemophilus influenzae vaccine was introduced in the United Arab Emirates in 1999. Our objective was to describe the pattern of meningitis in a health district in the decade before the introduction of the vaccine and compare it with the data from elsewhere. METHODS: For this retrospective study we included 128 meningitis cases reported from 1990 to 1999. Information on the cases was abstracted from the case notification forms and clinical and laboratory data from the hospital case notes. RESULTS: H. influenzae was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis (n=59, 46.1%) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=20, 15.6%). Meningitis was a disease primarily of infants and children and the median age was 15 months. One fifth of the patients (n=27) had neurological sequelae of which 33.3% had seizures and 25.9% developed deafness. 18.9% (10 out of 53) of H. influenzae isolates were resistant to ampicillin compared with 5.9% (3 out of 51) to chloramphenicol. 78.9% (15 out of 19) of S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to penicillin. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology of meningitis in our health district is similar to the epidemiology of meningitis during the pre-vaccine era in other countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Rectus sheath haematoma: an unusual diagnosis.

Rectus sheath haematoma is a very rare occurrence. There were four cases in this hospital within a three month period. In this article, these cases, their investigation and management arc reported. A review of the literature was undertaken to ascertain how best to diagnose and treat this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Psychologic response of the edentulous patient after primary surgery for oral cancer: A cross-sectional study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Edentulous patients can have difficulty in tolerating dentures and this may lead to psychologic disturbance. The problem is potentially more severe for edentulous patients after primary surgery for oral cancer, where treatment can include composite resection and reconstruction, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. PURPOSE: This study investigated the psychologic response and oral satisfaction of edentulous patients treated by surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to make a comparison to edentulous noncancer counterparts. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The cross-sectional study included patients who were alive and disease-free 2 to 3 years after primary surgery. Seventy patients underwent surgery at the Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Liverpool, in 1993 and 1994. Twenty-eight patients were disease-free; 26 completed questionnaires that included a general health questionnaire (GHQ), a body satisfaction scale, a self-esteem scale, an oral symptom checklist, and a denture satisfaction questionnaire. Comparison was made with 98 noncancer edentulous patients from the same unit. RESULTS: There were similarities in psychologic and oral satisfaction scores between the noncancer and cancer edentulous patients. Cancer patients reported lower self-esteem (P <.02). Cancer patients who were not rehabilitated with either conventional or implant-retained prostheses had significant psychologic morbidity as measured by the GHQ, self-esteem, and body satisfaction scales. Cancer patients with implant-retained overdentures reported greater satisfaction with their dentures compared with their counterparts who wore conventional dentures (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Edentulous cancer patients who do not achieve oral rehabilitation after surgery for oral cancer exhibited significant psychologic morbidity. Patients with implant-retained overdentures exhibited a tendency to adopt the same psychologic response with improved denture satisfaction as edentulous patients with conventional dentures, despite the former having more extensive disease that would otherwise make the provision of dentures much more difficult if implants were not used.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated diarrhea and wasting in Zambia: selected risk factors and clinical associations.

A significant association was observed among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adult cases in Lusaka, Zambia compared with HIV-negative controls for chronic diarrhea (68% versus 22%; P < 0.05), weight loss (54% versus 30%; P < 0.05), lymphadenopathy (44% versus 15%; P < 0.05), and skin eruption (33% versus 7%; P < 0.05). Among the HIV-positive children, a higher proportion had clinical evidence of tuberculosis when compared with HIV-negative children (8% versus 1%; P < 0.05). The study demonstrated an association between weight loss in HIV-positive adults and children and chronic diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] = 12.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.4-25.5; P < 0.001), persistent cough (OR = 7.2, 95% CI = 2.9-14.5; P < 0.001), and an age of 31-45 years (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.8-8.3; P < 0.01). The factors associated with mortality in HIV positive patients included chronic diarrhea (OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.6-34; P < 0.01), and lymphadenopathy (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.2-12.2; P < 0.04).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata.

The Marrara syndrome, like Halazoun in Lebanon, is a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. The condition follows the consumption of Marrara which consists of raw liver, lungs, trachea and rumen of goats and sheep infected with larvae of L. serrata. The adult worm is found in the nasal passages of dogs. Sheep and goats are infected by eggs from infected dogs. A survey that included 240 adult individuals in a village of endemic L. serrata infection in the Sudan showed that 20% experienced symptoms of allergic nasopharyngitis (Marrara syndrome) following the consumption of raw viscera of goats or sheep at least once in their life. In a prospective study of 24 patients who reported to hospital with the Marrara syndrome, the clinical features included itching in the throat and nose, unilateral conductive deafness, tinnitus and facial palsy. Secondary bacterial infection caused suppurative otitis media. Adult L. serrata parasites were found in the nasal passages of 56 and 47% of male and female dogs in the endemic area. Nymphs were recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and livers of goats in the area.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Topical treatment of erectile dysfunction: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of cream containing aminophylline, isosorbide dinitrate, and co-dergocrine mesylate.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness in treating impotence to topically applied cream containing three vasodilators--aminophylline, isosorbide dinitrate, and co-dergocrine mesylate--which act by different mechanisms. DESIGN: Randomised double blinded placebo controlled crossover trial over two weeks. SUBJECTS: 36 men with erectile dysfunction randomly allocated to two equal groups. INTERVENTIONS: Active cream containing aminophylline 3%, isosorbide dinitrate 0.25%, and co-dergocrine mesylate 0.05% for one week and placebo for another. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients' reported experience of penile responses and side effects of treatment in questionnaires. Penile tumescence and arterial flow in the laboratory. RESULTS: 21 patients reported full erection and satisfactory intercourse with the active cream. Three men reported full erection and satisfactory intercourse with either cream. The active cream was more effective in psychogenic than organic impotence (eight out of nine men with psychogenic impotence achieved a full erection upsilon four out of eight with neurogenic impotence and two out of seven with arterial insufficiency). No major side effects were reported. In the laboratory the active cream increased penile arterial flow (0.19 (SD 0.08) m/s upsilon 0.02 (0.15) m/s with placebo) and induced tumescence in 24 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Topical treatment with a cream containing three different vasodilators might be considered before intracavernous injection of vasoactive agents, particularly in psychogenic impotence.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1995

Myelo-ablative therapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) support in patients with haematological malignancy.

BACKGROUND: Myelo-ablative therapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) support is increasingly being used in patients with haematological malignancy considered to be at high risk for recurrence. The results of this approach, in comparison with the previous experience at St. Bartholomew's Hospital (SBH) using autologous bone marrow transplantation form the basis of this report. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 42 patients (age range 18-63 years, median 42 years), deemed to have a poor prognosis with conventional therapy received myelo-ablative therapy with PBPC support. Diagnoses comprised: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL): 16 patients, Hodgkin's disease (HD): 9, Multiple Myeloma (MM): 12, and solid tumours (ST): 5. PBPC were mobilised using adriamycin: 35 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m2 orally, days 1-5, followed by G-CSF: 5 micrograms/kg, subcutaneously, for a median of 7 days (range 6-9 days). RESULTS: A total of 67 PBPC collections were performed, 1 being 'sufficient' (i.e. mononuclear cells > or = 1.5 x 10(8)/kg and CD34+ cells > or = 1 x 10(6)/kg) in 21 of the 42 patients. The median time to haematological recovery following reinfusion of PBPC was 13 days for both neutrophils > 0.5 x 10(9)/l and platelets > 20 x 10(9)/l (ranges: 8-27, and 8-48 days, respectively) which is significantly shorter than for patients in the historical control group. Supportive care requirements were also significantly reduced, as was the duration of hospital stay i.e., median 19 days (range 12-73 days) compared with 29 days (range 9-180 days). CONCLUSION: These results confirm rapid blood count recovery following myelo-ablative therapy with PBPC support and the feasibility of this approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Adult type I primary hyperoxaluria: 2 cases confirmed by liver biopsy at end-stage renal insufficiency].

It can be difficult to distinguish between primary hyperoxaluria at end-stage renal failure and secondary oxalosis, all the more as primary hyperoxaluria can be latent for a long time and occur at a late stage. A 57 year-old woman, without family nor personal history of urolithiasis, receives regular hemodialysis for a renal failure discovered at end-stage. Eighteen months later, calcium oxalate deposits appear in the skin, bone marrow and both kidneys, suggesting secondary oxalosis. An other 57 year-old woman presents a chronic renal failure due to bilateral urolithiasis, whose surgery has caused a dramatic decrease of renal function requiring regular hemodialysis. Because of apparition of severe bone alterations, a parathyroidectomy is realized, and because of calcium oxalate deposition in the skin and bone marrow, primary hyperoxaluria is suspected. In both observations, the enzyme activity determination in a liver biopsy gives the diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

The relationship of plasminogen activators and oncogenes to tumour invasion.

Accruing evidence suggests an association between increased activity of plasminogen activators and transformed cells, and urokinase activity with tumour aggressiveness. The PIP2 pathway seems to provide a link between oncogene-associated transformation, cellular proliferation, plasminogen-activator expression and tumour invasion and metastasis.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1987

Tissue plasminogen activators in breast cancer.

Increased levels of tissue fibrinolytic activity have been detected in some malignant tumours and they have been implicated in metastatic spread. We have investigated tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (UK) in 26 breast carcinomas and 13 benign breast biopsies. Tissue extracts were analysed for overall fibrinolytic activity on fibrin plates and by fibrin-overlay zymography after electrophoresis on SDS-PAG. Supernatants of the extracts were analysed by an antigenic immunoassay (ELISA) and a functional bioimmunoassay (BIA) using polyclonal antibodies. Total ELISA and BIA results correlated (P less than 0.001) and all the tissues contained similar tPA levels. Malignant extracts contained significantly increased UK compared with benign extracts (1.60 +/- 0.37 iu, 0.36 +/- 0.16 iu; P less than 0.002). Zymography showed no high molecular weight inhibitor complexes and UK was almost exclusively confined to the malignant tissues (P much less than 0.02). The results suggest that malignant transformation of breast tissue is associated with the significantly increased production of UK. This may be responsible for the characteristics of malignancy or it may be a growth factor.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Role of urokinase in colorectal neoplasia.

The biofunctional activity of the plasminogen activators urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator has been measured in extracts from 50 colorectal carcinomas and 21 adenomas using a bioimmunoassay. Compared with control mucosa urokinase activity was significantly elevated in adenomas (P less than 0.001) and carcinomas, levels being significantly higher in carcinomas (P less than 0.05). In contrast tissue plasminogen activator activity was reduced in adenomas (P less than 0.01) and carcinomas, levels being significantly lower in carcinomas (P less than 0.01). Although enzyme activity did not relate to Dukes' stage or histological grade urokinase activity was higher in carcinomas with venous invasion (n = 17, P less than 0.05), in those with moderate or extensive local spread (n = 27, P less than 0.05) and in cases where a palliative resection only was feasible because of advanced disease (n = 8, P less than 0.05). Urokinase has been implicated in tissue degradation as well as fibrinolysis and may play a role in tumour invasion and metastasis in human colorectal neoplasia.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Plasminogen activators in experimental colorectal neoplasia: a role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence?

An important step in the transition from adenomatous polyp to invasive carcinoma is the degradation of the epithelial basement membrane. By the generation of plasmin, plasminogen activators may play an important role in regulating the extracellular protease activity required for this event to occur. The production of biofunctional urokinase and of tissue plasminogen activator was therefore investigated in the dimethylhydrazine induced rat model of colorectal neoplasia. Both adenomatous polyps (p values less than 0.001) and colorectal carcinomas (p values less than 0.001) were demonstrated to produce a significant excess of both urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator when compared with macroscopically normal colon. There was, however, no increased production of either enzyme by macroscopically normal preneoplastic colon when compared with control colon. This enhanced capacity of colorectal tumours to produce plasminogen activators and generate plasmin is thus a feature of both the premalignant as well as the malignant phenotype. These enzymes may contribute to the malignant potential of adenomatous polyps and to the invasive capacity of established carcinomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Plasminogen activators in human colorectal neoplasia.

A crucial step in the transition from adenomatous polyp to invasive colorectal cancer is the degradation of the epithelial basement membrane. Plasminogen activators may play a part in regulating the extracellular protease environment necessary for this to occur. Both functional and antigenic activity of the two principal activators of plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase, were measured in 30 colorectal cancers, matched samples of mucosa, and eight adenomatous polyps. Both polyps (p less than 0.01) and carcinomas (p less than 0.001) had raised urokinase activities compared with normal mucosa, the activity being highest in the carcinomas. Activity of tissue plasminogen activator, however, was diminished in both polyps (p less than 0.01) and carcinomas (p less than 0.001) compared with normal mucosa, the values being lowest in carcinomas. Plasmin generation by urokinase--in contrast with tissue plasminogen activator--is fibrin independent and thus less subject to physiological control.

Colonic Neoplasms↗