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Biomedical subjects

M Maeda

Publications and source records attributed to M Maeda.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A case of Graves' disease associated with polymyositis.

A patient with Graves' disease associated with severe muscle weakness who was finally diagnosed as polymyositis by pathological examination of the muscle is reported. A 28-year-old women was incidentally found to have hyperthyroidism when she consulted a hospital for the evaluation and treatment of anemia in 1979. She was treated with methimazole for approximately a month when she stopped the medication by herself. Approximately two yr later (Nov. 4, 1981) she consulted another hospital with complaints of palpitation and muscle weakness. Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and thyrotoxic myopathy were made, followed by the treatment with radioiodine (4 mCi of 131I). She was further treated with propylthiouracil (PTU). Four yr after the treatment, serum thyroid hormone concentration declined to the lower level than normal and serum TSH concentration increased. She was subsequently treated with synthetic I-T4. Despite the fact she became euthyroid with the treatment, muscle weakness as well as elevated concentrations of muscle enzymes were not improved. Muscle biopsy was made in July 1983, and she was diagnosed as immune polymyositis and treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide in addition to PTU or I-T4, was started. With the treatment, serum LDH decreased to the normal range. However she still has muscle weakness and serum concentrations of CPK and aldolase are still in higher levels than normal range.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Noninvasive detection of exercise-induced markedly elevated left ventricular filling pressure by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease.

To assess the accuracy of the exercise-induced decrease in the ratio of peak flow velocity in atrial systole to that in early diastole (A/E) for predicting an elevation of left ventricular filling pressure, supine bicycle ergometer exercise testing was performed in 27 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease. Doppler-derived transmitral flow velocities were recorded at rest and immediately after exercise. A/E decreased during exercise in 16 patients (group A) and increased in 11 (group B). Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) increased notably from 7 mm Hg at rest to 26 mm Hg at peak exercise in group A (p less than 0.001). In contrast, PAWP increased slightly from 6 mm Hg to 10 mm Hg in group B (p less than 0.05). The cardiac index at peak exercise in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that patients with an exercise-induced decrease in A/E might not increase their cardiac output. A significant negative correlation between PAWP and A/E was observed in patients with PAWP over 20 mm Hg (r = -0.74; p less than 0.005). The exercise-induced decrease in A/E showed a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 73%, and a predictive accuracy of 85% in detecting patients with PAWP over 20 mm Hg. These findings show that Doppler recordings of transmitral flow velocities during dynamic exercise can provide useful information concerning exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction associated with markedly elevated filling pressures.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1989

No difference in the nucleotide sequence of the DQ beta beta 1 domain between narcoleptic and healthy individuals with DR2,Dw2.

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder completely associated with HLA-DR2,Dw2. We demonstrated the 100% presence of three DQ beta fragments (EcoRI 2.4-kb, BamHI 2.9-kb, and PstI 12-kb) in narcoleptic patients that were detected in healthy DR2 controls only at decreased frequencies. In this paper, we have cloned the DQ beta gene from three Japanese narcoleptic patients and sequenced their beta 1 domain in order to study the sequence polymorphisms that might exist in the DQ beta genes of patients, but no difference in sequence could be found between narcoleptic and healthy individuals, suggesting that narcolepsy is not due to mutation in the DQ beta gene. In this context, a possible role of the HLA class II antigens in narcolepsy is discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

HLA-D typing of heterozygotes using restriction fragment length polymorphism in the HLA-DQ gene region on the basis of standard band patterns derived from HLA homozygotes.

Genomic DNAs from 37 Epstein-Barr virus-transformed HLA-D homozygous cell lines with different Dw specificities, Dw1-Dw23, and DKT2 were digested with four different restriction endonucleases (EcoRI, PstI, TaqI, and MspI) and hybridized to DQ alpha and DQ beta cDNA probes. Polymorphic patterns of multiple fragments correlating with Dw, DQ, and DR haplotypes were detected, and the restriction fragment length polymorphism standard pattern specific for each Dw, DQ, and DR specificity could be defined. The polymorphic fragment patterns of HLA-D heterozygotes were predicted simply by the summation of two standard patterns of HLA-D homozygotes and utilized to identify HLA-D specificities of 25 normal individuals, who are HLA heterozygotes in most cases. The HLA-D, -DR, and -DQ specificities defined by this DNA typing were compared with those assigned by serologic and cellular typing. There was good correlation, allowing the application of accurate genotyping by DQ alpha and DQ beta cDNA probes to HLA class II typing of HLA heterozygotes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Accuracy of cardiac output measured by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography during dynamic exercise testing in the supine position in patients with coronary artery disease.

To estimate the accuracy of cardiac output measured by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography from the suprasternal notch and the utility of this method for evaluating left ventricular function during dynamic exercise, simultaneous thermodilution and Doppler cardiac output were measured in 34 patients with coronary artery disease during multistage ergometer exercise in the supine position. Cardiac output was measured at rest and during each stage of exercise. Twenty-five of the 34 patients whose thermodilution curves were adequate for analysis were studied during exercise. The correlation coefficient for the two methods was 0.85 at rest and 0.84 during exercise. Differences between the two methods were not significant at rest but were significant during exercise, with the thermodilution method giving the higher values. Underestimation by the Doppler method is probably due to technical problems and changes in aortic diameter during exercise. The 25 patients were classified into two groups according to pulmonary artery wedge pressure at peak exercise. There were 11 patients in Group 1 pressure (greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg at peak exercise) and 14 in Group 2 pressure (less than 20 mm Hg at peak exercise). There were significant differences in the change in cardiac index and in peak aortic velocity from rest to peak exercise between the two groups. A significant linear correlation between the percent change in peak aortic velocity and in pulmonary artery wedge pressure from rest to peak exercise was observed (r = -0.66, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Microvascular anastomosis using polyethylene glycol 4000 and fibrin glue.

Rat femoral arteries and veins were anastomosed using fibrin glue and a soluble intravascular stent made of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG-4000) with a patency rate of 100%. The anastomoses were strong enough to tolerate a pressure of 250 cm H2O. Histological changes at anastomosed sites and toxicity of PEG-4000 were also examined. With this method, an end-to-end anastomosis can be performed easily and quickly.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1989

Continuous local intra-arterial infusion of anticoagulants for digit replantation and treatment of damaged arteries.

From May 1958 to May 1987, 428 upper extremities were replanted, with an overall survival rate of 87.4 percent. With the aim of increasing the survival rate a new method was tried. Unlike conventional continuous intravenous infusion, a Teflon catheter (28 gauge) was inserted into the proximal main artery of the anastomosed artery, and a daily dose of 80 ml comprising 240,000 U of urokinase, 40 micrograms of prostaglandin E1, 10,000 U (maximum) of heparin, and low molecular weight dextran was administered by means of continuous infusion for the 10 consecutive days, during which arterial thrombosis is likely to occur. Thirteen cases (replantations and damaged digital arteries) survived without any re-operation for arterial thrombus. There were statistically significant differences (p less than 0.025) in platelet count, fibrinogen, and AT III preoperatively and three days postoperatively. There were also statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05) in prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and clotting time between pre-operative measurements and those taken four and 15 hr postoperative, but those data remained within normal range. No abnormalities were present in the arteries through which the catheter was inserted, as validated by postoperative digital subtraction angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pedicled and "flow-through" venous flaps: clinical applications.

Recently, the pedicled venous flap and "flow-through" venous flap have been the focus of increasing attention for skin defects of the fingers and hands. For successful venous flap use, the following approaches have been suggested: (1) a pedicled venous flap with preservation of the draining veins alone; (2) a "flow-through" flap with preservation of a flow-through vein in the flap; and (3) an arterialized "flow-through" venous flap which ensures arterial blood flow into the flap. Based on findings that venous blood is helpful in flap survival, the authors made use of the first two flap types, the pedicled venous flap and the "flow-through" venous flap and attempted to establish and clarify reasonable conditions for flap survival. Venous pressure of the finger and elbow was measured and venographies of the finger and hand were also carried out. The following conditions are regarded as essential in successful venous flap procedures: (a) use of a venous flap with a rich venous network; (b) preservation of many "flow-through" veins; (c) harvesting a pedicled venous flap where the veins have afferent (reversed) venous pressure; and (d) anastomosing veins of the "flow-through" flap with recipient veins where high efferent venous pressure exists and differential pressure is observed. Clinical cases are presented and the authors attempt to explain flap failure from previously unknown causes. Conditions for flap harvesting are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Seborrheic keratosis with focal acantholysis.

A case of a 70-year-old man with several dome-shaped tumors with acantholysis was reported. The histopathological findings of these black-brownish colored tumors on the back were compatible with seborrheic keratosis, consisting of basaloid and squamoid cells. Although three cases reported by Tagami et al. (1978) and Uchiyama et al. (1986) showed intraepidermal epithelioma-like tumor nests in the acanthotic lesions, our case was thought to correspond to another variant of seborrheic keratosis with acantholysis.

Acantholysis↗
PubMed1989

A giant calcifying pseudocyst seen in a patient with overlap syndrome.

A case of female with a large cystic tumor in her infrascapular region is reported. The tumor was 8 cm x 7 cm in size. Histologically, it was a pseudocyst with calcification. The patient showed no abnormal renal functions other than proteinuria. Because she had suffered from overlap syndromes of systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, and suspected dermatomyositis, we diagnosed this a unique case of dystrophic calcinosis. There have been several reports of cases with connective tissue diseases showing subcutaneous calcification, but to our knowledge no such giant calcifying pseudocyst has ever been reported.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1989

A simple and rapid method for HLA-DQA1 genotyping by digestion of PCR-amplified DNA with allele specific restriction endonucleases.

The second exon of the HLA-DQA1 genes was selectively amplified from genomic DNAs of 72 HLA-homozygous B cell lines by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified DNAs were digested with HaeIII, Ddel, ScrFI, FokI and RsaI, which recognize allelic sequence variations in the polymorphic segments of the DQA1 second exon, and then subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Eight different polymorphic patterns of restriction fragments were obtained, and seven were identical to patterns predicted from the known DNA sequences, correlating with each HLA-DQw type defined by serological typing. The remaining one pattern cannot be explained from the sequence data, suggesting the presence of a novel DQA1 allele at the nucleotide level. This PCR-RFLP method provides a simple and rapid technique for accurate definition of the HLA-DQ types at the nucleotide level, eliminating the need for radioisotope as well as allele specific oligonucleotide probes and can be extended and applied to HLA-DR, -Dw DP typing.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Overproduction of truncated subunit a of H+-ATPase causes growth inhibition of Escherichia coli.

Genes (uncB) for wild-type and mutant a subunits of Escherichia coli H+-ATPase (F0F1) were cloned into recombinant plasmids. The subunits were expressed under the control of a weak promoter of the unc operon at 30 degrees C and strong promoters of lambda phage at 42 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, the wild type and a truncated (Glu-269----end) a subunit complemented the defect of the a subunit mutant KF24A (Trp-111----end), whereas the other mutant subunits (Trp-111----end, Trp-231----end, Gln-252----end, and a subunit with a deletion of residues 21 to 227) did not. Three mutant subunits (Trp-231----end, Gln-252----end, and Glu-269----end) and the wild-type a subunit caused growth inhibition associated with cell elongation, an uneven distribution of membrane proteins, and an altered septum structure when they were expressed at 42 degrees C. These phenomena were not observed with the other mutant subunits, suggesting that overproduction of the middle region (between residues 111 and 230) of the a subunit causes growth inhibition.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Role of alveolar macrophages in the neutrophil-dependent defense system against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lower respiratory tract. Amplifying effect of muramyl dipeptide analog.

Alveolar macrophages are thought to be important in immune or inflammatory reactions. We investigated the role of alveolar macrophages in defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lower respiratory tract. Intratracheal inoculation of formalin-inactivated P. aeruginosa (1 x 10(8)-1 x 10(10) organisms) into normal rats resulted in increase in the number of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained 24 h later. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils for P. aeruginosa was higher than that of alveolar macrophages. These findings indicate that neutrophils are essential for phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa in the lower respiratory tract. On incubation with P. aeruginosa, alveolar macrophages released neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) dose-dependently. MDP-Lys(L18), a muramyl dipeptide analog, stimulated alveolar macrophages to phagocytize P. aeruginosa and stimulate the release of NCF from alveolar macrophages in vitro and enhanced the neutrophil response to inoculated P. aeruginosa in vivo. These results indicate that alveolar macrophages are important in initiating the neutrophil-dependent defense system against P. aeruginosa by releasing NCF and that MDP-Lys(L18) can amplify the defense system.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1989

Selectivity for opioid receptor subtypes of enkephalin analogues in isolated smooth muscle and in the analgesic effect in mice.

Selectivity for opioid receptor subtypes of enkephalin analogues (KK-1, -2, -3 and -4) of Tyr moiety on the N-terminal, and Phe-ol group on the C-terminal, connected with the methylene group (n = 1-4) were examined in isolated smooth muscle preparations and in the analgesic effect in mice. In the longitudinal muscle preparations of guinea pig ileum (GPI), morphine, U-50488H and all the enkephalin analogues inhibited electrically evoked contractions, and the inhibitory effects of morphine, KK-1, KK-2 and KK-3 were antagonized by naloxone with relatively high pA2 values, while that of U-50488H and KK-3 were preferentially antagonized by norbinaltorphimine. In the rabbit vas deferens preparations (RVD), on the other hand, U-50488H, KK-3 and KK-4 showed weak inhibitory effects and the inhibition of U-50488H and KK-3 were antagonized by norbinaltorphimine. By intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) injection, enkephalin analogues produced analgesia in the acetic acid (AcOH) writhing test, and the effect of KK-1 and KK-2 as well as morphine was antagonized by 1 mg/kg naloxone, while those of U-50488H and KK-3 were sensitive to 1 mg/kg Mr2266. In conclusion, enkephalin analogues with a short methylene chain between the functional groups, KK-1 and KK-2, mainly exert their effect through opioid mu-receptors, while those of longer chain, KK-3 and KK-4, act through kappa-receptors preferentially, and KK-3 is situated in the alternating point of the selectivity for mu- and kappa-receptors.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
PubMed1989

Highly sensitive biotin-labelled hybridization probe.

A simple chemical method for introducing biotin into nucleic acids has been developed for the synthesis of nonisotopic hybridization probes. The method is based on the reaction of biotin hydrazide with amino residues of nucleic acids by using glutaraldehyde as a bifunctional coupling reagent. Biotin-labelled deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected by the use of alkaline phosphatase-labelled avidin, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by colorimetric and chemiluminescence methods. The chemiluminescence method using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)/alcohol/alcohol dehydrogenase/microperoxidase/isoluminol system gave the highest sensitivity. A few picograms of lambda-phage DNA coated on a microtiter plate well could be detected by this method.

Biotin↗
PubMed1989

Properties of 5'-deiodinase of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in rat skeletal muscle.

To characterize rT3 5'-deiodinase (5'D) in rat skeletal muscle, the effects of altered thyroid status and PTU on rT3 5'D were studied. rT3 5'D activity was measured by incubating homogenates of rat skeletal muscle with [125]rT3, iodine labelled in the outer ring, in the presence of 20 mmol/l DL-dithiothreitol. This activity was observed to increase significantly 24 h after a single sc injection of T3 (75 micrograms/kg). The increase following the daily administration of this drug (15 or 75 micrograms/kg) for 3 and 14 days was dependent on the dose and number of previous days of injection. A significant decrease in activity was observed 2 weeks after thyroidectomy. The addition of 0.1 mmol/l 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) to the incubation medium in vitro caused a marked reduction in the activity in homogenates of skeletal muscle from hypothyroid, euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats. PTU, present at 0.05% in the drinking water for 2 weeks virtually abolished it. The properties of rT3 5'D in rat skeletal muscle thus appear to be essentially the same as those of type I enzyme with respect to response toward altered thyroid status and PTU.

Animals↗