Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M M Carr

Publications and source records attributed to M M Carr.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Monoclonal antibodies recognising differentiation antigens on porcine B cells.

Nineteen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) submitted to the porcine CD Workshop were analysed on porcine B cells from different lymphoid tissues by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Six mAbs only bound to pig B cells and three of these were assigned cluster numbers, 76-7-4 (No. 001):CD1, K231-3B2 (No. 027):CD25 and CC51 (No. 100):CD21. Of the three remaining B cell positive mAbs, one was assigned to a swine cluster, CC55 (No. 101):SWC7, a second, LIG4 (No. 123), recognised cell surface IgM and the third, MUC106A (No. 072), remained unassigned.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Report on the behaviour of monoclonal antibodies in the First International Pig CD Workshop identifying the Null cell families.

Clustering analyses were carried out on data from five independent laboratories testing 22 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reacting with CD2-sIg-lymphocytes on 14 pig blood and/or tissue lymphoid target cells using cytofluorometry. This was coupled with extensive further studies on blood lymphocytes from normal and thymectomised SLAb/b inbred pigs. These mAbs formed two groups: those mainly identifying the large blood-borne thymus-dependent Null T cells (N) and those reacting with tissue and a small number of blood-borne thymus-independent lymphocytes (N'). Based on their tissue cell reaction patterns, the 10 N' mAbs formed three main groups: N'1A and B; N'2A and B; and N'3. The 12N mAbs fell into four groups N4-N7; N6 was divided into subgroups A-D. One N' (032) and two N mAbs (010 and 063) were unclustered. Based on these data, swine workshop cluster numbers were designated to groups N5 (021, 022 and 059) as SWC4, N6 (061 and 117) as SWC5 and N7 (020 and 141) as SWC6, the latter exceptionally as a single antibody, MAC320, since it is the 'type' mAb identifying effectively all blood Null T lymphocytes. Future research and workshops will have to define with a wider range of techniques the relationships, molecular properties and functional roles of the several new, perhaps novel, antigens identified by this family of fascinating, as yet still poorly defined, mAbs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Analyses of monoclonal antibodies reactive with porcine CD44 and CD45.

Twenty-six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), assigned to the CD44/CD45 section of the First International Swine CD Workshop, were compared for their reactivity against a selected group of target cells by one- and two-color flow cytometric analysis. Based on staining and reactivity patterns the 26 mAbs were assigned to six groups, group F1 mAbs were designated CD44 mAbs; and groups F2 and F3 as CD45 mAbs. With the information available, a CD designation could not be given to the mAbs in groups F4, F5 or F6 consisting of four, three and four mAbs each, respectively. The reactivity of all six mAbs in group F1 (MAC35, 25-32, PORC24A, H22A, BAG40A, and BAT31A) was blocked by soluble porcine CD44. One mAb in this group (MAC325) reacted with a cell surface protein with a molecular weight of 80 kDa and was designated as CD44; the other five mAbs were designated as wCD44 because no molecular weight was known. Blocking experiments utilizing a cross reactive anti-human CD44 (mAb Z062) allowed the definition of the wCD44a epitope recognized by mAbs PORC24A and H22A. The group F2 mAbs (74-9-3; MAC323; K252.1E4; and 2A5) were designated as CD45 based on their broad reactivity pattern with lymphoid and myeloid cells and their ability to immunoprecipitate three polypeptides with an apparent molecular weight of 226, 210 and 190 kDa. The F3 mAbs (MAC327; MAC326; 3a56 and -a2) were designated as CD45R based on their restricted reactivity against lymphoid and myeloid target cells, and their ability to immunoprecipitate either two polypeptides with an apparent molecular weight of 226 and 210 kDa (mAbs MAC327 and MAC326) or a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 210 kDa (mAbs-a2 and 3a56). Sequential immunoprecipitation analyses confirmed the relatedness of the F2 and F3 group mAbs. The work conducted for this first workshop led to the definition of six mAbs specific for CD44, four mAbs specific for CD45, and four mAbs specific for CD45R which should prove to be very valuable reagents for the study of the porcine immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Aspergillosis of the cranial base.

Aspergillus is an ubiquitous organism seldom pathogenic in normal hosts. Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the spine occurs rarely in immunocompromised patients as a result of hematogenous spread from distant foci. We present a case of Aspergillus osteomyelitis in the region of the jugular foramen in a previously healthy male with no antecedent event. He presented with dysphagia, hypophonia, and weight loss of several months duration. Diagnosis was delayed due to nonspecific results of various imaging tests. We review the clinical course of fungal osteomyelitis, including appearance on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, culture characteristics, and gross appearance. Current treatment consists of surgical debridement and antifungal medications such as amphotericin B and itraconazole, and the efficacy of these are discussed.

Case Reports↗
PubMed1994

Osteoarthritis of the thumb: clinical aspects and management.

The wide range of motion of the thumb derives from the unusual nature of its carpometacarpal joint. Osteoarthritis is common in this joint. Patients may present with variable degrees of pain, reduction of thumb mobility, and joint deformity. Management is based on clinical assessment. Early disease is treated with rest, anti-inflammatory agents or analgesics, intraarticular steroid injections and splints. Since the course of osteoarthritis is often benign, avoiding early invasive treatment is important, except in the presence of proven anatomic deformity.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Extremity arteriovenous malformations: review of a series.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the diagnosis and treatment of arteriovenous malformations in adults, because of the tendency of the condition to recur. DESIGN: Chart and literature review. SETTING: Three tertiary-care hospitals. PATIENTS: Twelve adults with diffuse arteriovenous malformations of the extremities. INTERVENTIONS: Surgery of embolotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 12 cases reviewed, the arteriovenous malformations recurred in 8 patients; 2 of these were well, 6 months and 2 years after a second or third treatment. Two others were well, 2 months and 5 years after surgery or embolotherapy. One pregnant woman, whose case is described in detail, received no treatment, and her arteriovenous malformation diminished in size after her child was born. The outcome in the last patient is unknown. CONCLUSION: Diffuse arteriovenous malformations recur after ablative treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Expression on porcine gamma delta lymphocytes of a phylogenetically conserved surface antigen previously restricted in expression to ruminant gamma delta T lymphocytes.

A 180,000 MW molecule has been identified on porcine leucocytes that is the homologue of the 215,000/300,000 MW WC1 (T19) leucocyte antigen previously considered to be restricted to ruminants. In ruminants the WC1 molecule is expressed by a T-cell subpopulation that is CD2-CD4-CD8-CD5+ and that is gamma delta T-cell receptor positive (TcR+). In pigs, the 180,000 MW molecule, identified by a new monoclonal antibody CC101, is expressed by a gamma delta TcR+ T-cell subpopulation that is also CD2-CD4-CD8-. The p180+ cells are a major T-cell subpopulation comprising approximately 40% of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 6-9-month-old pigs. Expression of p180 identifies the majority of the CD2-CD4-CD8- T cells in porcine blood. The p180+ T cells have a distribution in lymphoid tissues that is distinct from that of T cells that express the CD2, CD4 or CD8 molecules. They are evident particularly in the thymic medulla, the epithelium, lamina propria and interfollicular areas of the small intestine, and the superficial dermis of the skin, but largely absent from conventional T-dependent areas of secondary lymphoid tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Facial fractures.

Emergency room physicians frequently see facial fractures that can have serious consequences for patients if mismanaged. This article reviews the signs, symptoms, imaging techniques, and general modes of treatment of common facial fractures. It focuses on fractures of the mandible, zygomaticomaxillary region, orbital floor, and nose.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1993

Histochemistry and morphology of porcine mast cells.

Mast cells have been described extensively in rodents and humans but not in pigs, and the objective of this study was to characterize porcine mast cells by histochemistry and electron microscopy. Carnoy's fluid proved to be a good fixative but fixation with neutral buffered formalin blocked staining of most mast cells. Alcian Blue stained more mast cells than did Toluidine Blue (pH 0.5), although Alcian Blue also stained goblet cells. In pigs, unlike rodents, the Alcian Blue method did not distinguish between mast cells in the intestinal mucosa and those in the connective tissue of the intestinal submucosa, tongue and skin. Mast cells were significantly larger in adult pigs than in piglets; in adult pigs and piglets, mast cells in the intestinal mucosa were significantly larger than those in submucosal connective tissue, and they were more varied in shape in piglets and adults. Granules in mast cells in the intestinal mucosa stained less intensely than those in mast cells in connective tissue of tongue, skin and intestinal submucosa. Mast cells in the connective tissue of the tongue, skin and intestinal submucosa fluoresced strongly when stained with berberine sulphate or with a mixture of berberine sulphate and Acridine Orange, but mast cells in the intestinal mucosa did not. All mast cells reacted positively in an enzyme-histochemical method previously used to detect human tryptase but not in a method previously used to detect human chymase. Mast cells in the medulla of thymus stained similarly to mast cells in the intestinal mucosa. Ultrastructural differences between mast cells were not detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Dental management of patients with sickle cell anemia.

Sickle cell anemia is endemic in certain parts of the world. With the increase in immigration into Canada from some of these areas, new demands are being placed on the country's health care system. However, improved methods of managing sickle cell anemia have resulted in a longer lifespan and better quality of life for patients afflicted with the disease. In most cases, these individuals can now remain out in the community for most of their lives, and are therefore likely to seek treatment from a neighborhood dentist. Consequently, dentists need to have an appreciation of sickle cell anemia and its implications for dental health. This article outlines the physiology, medical aspects, and dental manifestations of sickle cell anemia, and gives guidelines for its dental management.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1992

Topical tretinoin: a new treatment for black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra).

Black hairy tongue is the name given to the appearance of an abnormal coating of the tongue and occurs only in adults. It is the result of hyperkeratosis of the filiform lingual papillae which, on gross examination appear hair-like with a variable tinctorial aspect from yellow-brown to black. The pathogenesis is unknown and often no definite cause can be identified. A number of aetiologic factors have been implicated including the administration of topical or systemic antibiotics, poor oral hygiene, smoking, alcohol and the use of mouthwashes. Often there are no symptoms other than the aesthetic or anxiety over its aetiology. Some patients complain of gagging, nausea, alteration of taste or halitosis. The condition may be very persistent and recognized treatments include brushing with a soft tooth brush which is enhanced by the prior application of a 40% solution of urea, scraping, topical triamcinolone acetonide, gentian violet, thymol, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, and surgical excision of the papillae.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Dental management of anticoagulated patients.

Today's trend toward ambulatory medical care will bring more pharmacological problems into the dental office. While the dental management of patients taking oral anticoagulants is controversial, current research supports the contention that they can be safely treated on an outpatient basis. The use of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) has made better estimates of prothrombin time possible, and patients can be maintained in a narrow therapeutic range. Postoperative hemorrhage can be avoided or controlled with local hemostatic agents.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Strain differences in autotomy in rats undergoing sciatic nerve transection or repair.

The degree of self-mutilation (autotomy) following sciatic nerve injury was assessed in 6 rat strains. Experimental groups included sciatic nerve transection with and without repair and crush lesions. The degree of autotomy was measured using a standard grading system. There were statistically significant differences between the strains in the transected group in terms of both degree of autotomy and the time of onset of its appearance. The repair group showed a shorter mean time of onset, lower maximal scores, and lower percentage of affected animals. Autotomy was absent in the nerve crush group and in all Lewis rats. In experimental studies when the status of the foot is critical (e.g., to evaluate functional walking patterns) Lewis rats appear to be the most appropriate strain to utilize. These results suggest that there are definite strain differences in the degree of autotomy following nerve transection or repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The hapten in contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene: immunoelectron microscopic and immunofluorescent studies.

Six hours after challenge with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in sensitized volunteers, infrequent cells reacting with both OKT6 (CD 1a) and with an antibody to DNCB were demonstrated in the upper dermis in 3 out of 4 subjects, using a double fluorescence technique. Single marker studies using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to DNCB showed cytoplasmic reactivity with peripheral accentuation in keratinocytes throughout the epidermis, most intense in the granular and basal layers, and occasional positive cells in the papillary dermis. Immunoperoxidase electron microscopy using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to DNCB demonstrated reactivity on keratinocyte and Langerhans cell membranes, with intracellular deposition of reaction product on mitochondria. Reaction product was present on the external leaflets of Birbeck granules, suggesting that the penetration of DNCB was passive rather than due to an active endocytic process. The immunofluorescent studies suggest that the double-fluorescing upper dermal cells were Langerhans cells but this could not be confirmed by electron microscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Keratinocyte expression of MHC class II antigens in allergic sensitization and challenge reactions and in irritant contact dermatitis.

Keratinocytes expressed major histocompatibility complex class II antigens during the development of irritant contact dermatitis, and during the induction of contact hypersensitivity, as well as in established allergic contact dermatitis. A battery of anti-class II monoclonal antibodies, some of which are specific for class II subregion products (DP, DQ, DR), was used in an immunohistochemical study of the sequential changes in the allergic challenge reactions to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and nickel, the irritant response to anthralin, and the induction of sensitization to DNCB. The induction of keratinocyte class II expression paralleled the influx of Leu-3a+ T cells into the skin and had occurred by 24 or 48 h in each type of reaction. Differential expression of class II subregion products on keratinocytes was noted: DR was the most frequently expressed molecule, followed by DP and DQ, although in the irritant response, DP expression was not observed. The importance of these observations can be decided only by functional studies.

Anthralin↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis with ketoconazole: I. Response of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp to topical ketoconazole.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study was made of ketoconazole shampoo in the treatment of 20 subjects with seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. Responses were measured by clinicians using clinical gradings, and by the patients using a linear analogue scale. Scaling and itching of the scalp improved significantly with ketoconazole and no response was seen with placebo. Topical ketoconazole appears to be an effective therapy for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp, and more suitable for long-term treatment than the oral preparation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

Skin clips are contraindicated when there is nickel allergy.

Four patients are described who developed generalized dermatitis following surgical wound closure with disposable skin clips. In 3 of them a vesicular palmar eczema was a prominent feature. They were found to have contact allergy to nickel, a component of the clips. If skin clips are to be used to close a surgical wound, it should be established that the patient is not allergic to nickel.

Adult↗