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Biomedical subjects

M Linden

Publications and source records attributed to M Linden.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Illness concepts of patients].

The term "Illness concept" compromises all assumptions, interpretations, explanations, and predictions in regard to one's health status. Therapists and patients hold illness concepts which may differ from each other. Illness concepts can be described under formal, phenomenological and psychological-functional aspects. Illness concepts influence perception of illness, cooperation and satisfaction with treatment by the patient. To respect the illness concepts of patients means to respect the patient himself. The patient's perspectives are valuable completions of the therapist's perspectives and should, therefore, be integrated in the planning of therapy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Increased rate of tumor cell death caused by polyamine synthesis inhibitors.

This investigation was designed to determine whether cell death plays a role in the antiproliferative action exerted by polyamine synthesis inhibitors. To estimate the rate of tumor cell death, we measured the loss of 125I from mice harboring Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in which DNA was labeled with 5-125I-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (0.85 mumoles/g body weight/6 h), and enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, and methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (45 nmoles/g body weight/6 h), an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, were both found to increase the rate of 125I excretion. Our data suggest that these polyamine synthesis inhibitors provoke an increase in the rate of tumor cell death beyond that normally occurring during growth, methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) being considerably more potent than DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine. These in vivo data were corroborated by a study where the host-mediated responses did not have to be considered. Thus, Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were adapted for suspension growth in culture and treated with methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) or DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine. The growth kinetics and the colony forming efficiency of the drug-treated cells clearly show that polyamine synthesis inhibitors not only slow the growth rate but also cause an increase in tumor cell death.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed1984

[Attitudes and beliefs of medical and psychology students with regard to treatment with psycholtropic drugs].

Attitudes and assumptions of medical and psychology students in regard to psychotropic medication were assessed my means of a content analytic method. The students were in clinical training. Psychology students were compared with medical students. Attitudes related to psychopharmaca were compared with those related to antiepileptics. Results show that psychopharmaca are mainly criticized, that judgments are based on misinformation and presented with much emotional commitment. Negative judgements also generalize on the prescribing physicians. Consequences for the education of students are discussed.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1984

Phase-IV research: specifics, objectives and methodology.

The development of therapeutics is a step-by-step process. The laboratory phase O is followed by the preclinical phase the hypothesis generating phase II, the hypothesis testing phase III, and the routine treatment phase IV. Each of these treatment development and evaluation phases has its own specifics, objectives and methodologies. Phase IV comprises all scientific efforts to enhance the knowledge about a given therapy under routine treatment conditions. In phase IV the final test is done on security, effectiveness and feasibility of a treatment. Research with and on practitioners needs special non-reactive research designs.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

The private practice study group as phase-IV research tool.

Research in the routine field of psychiatry must include psychiatrists in private practice. A majority of psychiatric patients is treated as outpatients and many of these are only seen by private psychiatrists. Setting or patient variables pose restrictions on the therapy which leads to the development of specific treatment strategies. Because these are empirically based, it can be expected that the knowledge of practitioners can make a major contribution to the development of optimal treatment recommendations. Research in private practice requires special organisational efforts. One way to get access to this field are collaborative study groups which bring together scientists and their research facilities with practitioners and their surgeries. Such an instrument may allow: access to patients, which may never show up in any other research institution; monitoring of patient characteristics and treatment modalities under routine conditions; elaboration of special skills, insights and treatment strategies developed by the practitioner. These study groups can vary with regard to type of practice, type of collaboration and type of research. Studies can rely on information from patient self-reports, observations by the practitioners themselves or their office assistants and on data gathered by scientific staff working occasionally or continuously in the practice.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Polyamines in early embryonic development: their relationship to nuclear multiplication rate, cell cycle traverse, and nucleolar formation in a dipteran egg.

Polyamine synthesis and accumulation were assessed from fertilization until gastrulation in a dipteran egg (Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen). Spermidine synthesis was activated immediately after fertilization, generating a broad spermidine peak during early cleavage. This period is characterized by the most rapid nuclear multiplication known from animal material. Cleavage consists of nuclear multiplication only, and the egg remains syncytial until gastrulation. After nine synchronous nuclear divisions with a cycle length of 10 min, the cycle length is gradually increased to 20 min during the subsequent four parasynchronous nuclear divisions. The spermidine level decreased in parallel with this decreasing rate of nuclear division. The interphase of the next nuclear cycle is remarkably prolonged and lasts for more than 90 min, i.e., until after the onset of gastrulation. It consists of an initial short S phase followed by a longer G2 phase; G1 is extremely short or absent. During this prolonged interphase, spermidine content showed a biphasic pattern of changes with peaks during S and late G2. The S-phase peak also coincides with the first appearance of nucleoli during embryogenesis. The late-G2-phase peak coincides with the period of rapid cytokinesis, during which all nuclei in the peripheral layer of the syncytium become separated by membranes forming a cellular blastoderm. The polyamine pattern is consistent with the idea that the polyamines play an important role in DNA replication and in cytokinesis as well as in nucleolar formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cell cycle age response of 9L cells to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and modification by alpha-difluoromethylornithine.

We have determined the cell cycle age response of 9L rat brain tumor cells to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea using centrifugal elutriation to obtain populations of cells enriched in G1, S, and G2-M phases. While cells in all phases of the cell cycle were killed by 20 or 40 microM 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, cells in G1 and G2-M phases were more sensitive than cells in S phase. The differential sensitivity was more pronounced at the higher dose, which will markedly alter the distribution of cells through the cell cycle. In a clinical setting, this factor could affect the efficacy of either fractionated or multimodality protocols. Treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor, potentiated the cytotoxic effects of 20 microM 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea against G1- and G2-M- but not against S-phase cells; however, at a higher dose of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (40 microM), the cytotoxicity was potentiated for cells in all phases of the cell cycle. In alpha-difluoromethylornithine-treated cells, the phenomenon could be reversed by adding 1 mM putrescine 24 hr before treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Therefore, the potentiation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea cytotoxicity appears to be related to polyamine depletion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Distressed couples with and without a depressed partner: an analysis of their verbal interaction.

Depression in married individuals can be seen as the result of a self-perpetuating interpersonal system in which the information processes between marital partners is distorted. In order to study this theoretical formulation, we used a category system to analyze verbal interactions in distressed couples with or without a depressed partner. Our results show that communication in depressed couples is more uneven, negative, asymmetrical and centred on somatic and psychological complaints. The non-depressed partners in these couples perceived themselves as positive, but evaluated their depressed partners negatively. In the non-depressed couples there were no negative asymmetries and their interaction was even, supportive and positive. The results are discussed in an interactional framework based on social learning theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Acquired B antigen and polyagglutination in a apparently healthy blood donor.

This work presents the second published report of an apparently healthy adult with an acquired B antigen. This case is unique because of the serial studies documenting the increase in strength of the B antigen, development of polyagglutinability, and absence of detectable gastrointestinal pathology. The cells of G.R., a 56-year-old caucasian female, came to our attention because of weak reactions with anti-B. Her cells were typed normal group A one year earlier. G.R.'s cells specifically absorbed an eluted anti-B. Her saliva contained A and H, but no B substance. The red cells were not polyagglutinable. Her cells did not react with the lectin Bandeiraea simplificolia. The cells reacted more strongly with anti-B from group A2 donors than A1. Her serum reacted with all normal group B cells, but was nonreactive with two other examples of acquired B cells. The autologous control and direct antiglobulin test were consistently negative. Samples examined three, six, and twelve months later showed the same serological results except that the acquired B antigen was stronger, although weaker than group B controls, and the cells were polyagglutinable. The cells failed to react with the following lectins Bandeiraea simplificolia I, Salvia sclarae, Salvia horminium and Soy bean lectin; but reacted with Arachis hypogea and Bandeiraea simplificolia II. Freezing and thawing the cells removed the polyagglutination but did not affect the B antigen. Normal A1 cells, but not O cells, became specifically agglutinable by anti-B after incubation with G.R.'s serum. G.R. is free from obvious pathology as determined by physical examination and gastrointestinal X-rays.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

[Reliability and validity of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (author's transl)].

Reliability, validity and sensibility to variations over time were investigated for a German version of the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAS) Re-test reliability was high with r = .98. The correlation with the self-rating "Befindlichkeits-Skala" (Bf-S) was food with r = .79 whereas the correlation with the Hamilton-Depression-Rating-Scale only was r = .49. Sensitivity to mood changes over time was a good as with the Bf-S. According to these results the German version of the VAS can be used for the assessment of actual depressive mood. The main advantage of the scale is it's simplicity.

Depressive Disorder↗