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Biomedical subjects

M Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to M Lewis.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Morbidity and mortality of myocardial infarction in the Augsburg MONICA study area in 1985, 1986 and 1987.

In the years 1985, 1986 and 1987, the MONICA Augsburg Coronary Event Register recorded 1488 coronary events (1214 men and 274 women) occurring in 35-64 year old residents of the study region (population: 102,000 men and 105,000 women). The rates presented include all coronary events with a definite acute myocardial infarct (AMI), possible AMI, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and insufficient data. The age-standardized attack rates in men are 390 (1985) to 372 (1987) and in women 51 (1985) to 72 (1987) per 100,000 population. The age-standardized 28-day case fatalities in men are 44 (1985) to 44 (1987) and in women 67 (1985) to 55 (1987) per 100 coronary events. With the exception of the attack rates in women, no statistically significant differences between yearly rates could be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Thrombolysis therapy and coronary angiography in acute myocardial infarct in the Augsburg region: results of the Augsburger Heart infarct register 1985-1987].

In the years 1985-87, the Augsburg Coronary Event Register registered 1333 hospitalized patients who had survived an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for at least 24 h. In 953 patients, data on time intervals in the prehospital phase were documented in addition to the medical records data in a standardized nurse interview. The time from onset of AMI until the patient called for medical attention constituted most of the prehospital time delay. Of the interviewed male and female patients, 67% were hospitalized within 6 h (= time limit). The differences, both in the number of thrombolyses and the number of coronary angiographies performed in men and in women are statistically significant. Thrombolysis was performed in 27% of the male and 12% of the female AMI patients who were admitted to hospital within the time limit. The rate of thrombolytic therapy decreased with increasing age and was less in patients with recurrent AMI (men: 20%, women: 0%) than in patients with first AMI (men: 29%, women: 15%). There was some time-of-day variation in the percentage of thrombolytic therapy which may be attributable to hospital organization. From 1985 to 1987, the coronary angiography rates performed in the medical center doubled, independent of the thrombolytic therapy rates. In this time, angiography rates in thrombolyzed patients increased from 49% to 75%, and from 14% to 31% in patients without thrombolysis. The 28-day case fatality was 4.8% in patients with thrombolysis and 13% in patients without thrombolytic therapy. Controlling for age, sex, and recurrent AMI, this difference is not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cortisol release in infants in response to inoculation.

Using a cross-sectional design, salivary cortisol was obtained from infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months, prior to and 15 min following an inoculation. Cortisol rose significantly following inoculation. Behavioral responses to inoculation were consistent with the observed patterns of cortisol release. Cortisol base level was significantly and negatively related to the cortisol change score. At 6 months the basal levels also were influenced by an adult-like circadian rhythm; infants tested shortly after awakening had higher basal levels than those tested later in the day. These data provide strong evidence that studies of stress and cortisol release in infants must be sensitive to basal level, circadian rhythm, and behavioral effects, and that appropriate statistical procedures should be employed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Endogenous Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis presenting as keratouveitis.

We report a case of Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis that presented as a recalcitrant keratouveitis in a nonimmunocompromized patient. L. monocytogenes was recovered from the patient's aqueous, vitreous, and two of three blood cultures. He was treated with topical, subconjunctival, and systemic antibiotics, but the visual outcome was poor, possibly because of late diagnosis. A review of previous cases of L. monocytogenes endophthalmitis demonstrates unique features of this infection: (a) presentation as an anterior uveitis or keratouveitis with elevated intraocular pressure, (b) endogenous origin, and (c) frequent occurrence in nonimmunocompromized patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Differential activation by atrial and brain natriuretic peptides of two different receptor guanylate cyclases.

Alpha atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide are homologous polypeptide hormones involved in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. These two natriuretic peptides apparently share common receptors and stimulate the intracellular production of cyclic GMP as a second messenger. Molecular cloning has defined two types of natriuretic peptide receptors: the ANP-C receptor of relative molecular mass (Mr) 60-70,000 (60-70 K), which is not coupled to cGMP production and may function in the clearance of ANP and the ANP-A receptor of Mr 120-140 K, which is a membrane form of guanylate cyclase in which ligand binding to the extracellular domain activates the cytoplasmic domain of the enzyme. Here we report the cloning and expression of a second human natriuretic peptide-receptor guanylate cyclase, the ANP-B receptor. The ANP-B receptor is preferentially activated by porcine brain natriuretic peptide rather than human alpha-ANP, whereas the ANP-A receptor responds similarly to both natriuretic peptides. These observations may have important implications for our understanding of the central and peripheral control of cardiovascular homeostasis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Refined structure of baboon alpha-lactalbumin at 1.7 A resolution. Comparison with C-type lysozyme.

The solution of the structure of alpha-lactalbumin from baboon milk (Papio cynocephalus) at 4.5 A resolution using the isomorphous replacement method has been reported previously. Initial refinement on the basis of these low-resolution studies was not successful because of the poor isomorphism of the best heavy-atom derivative. Because of the striking similarity between the structure of lysozyme and alpha-lactalbumin, a more cautious molecular replacement approach was tried to refine the model. Using hen egg-white lysozyme as the starting model, preliminary refinement was performed using heavily constrained least-squares minimization in reciprocal space. The model was further refined using stereochemical restraints at 1.7 A resolution to a conventional crystallographic residual of 0.22 for 1141 protein atoms. In the final model, the root-mean-square deviation from ideality for bond distances is 0.015 A, and for angle distances it is 0.027 A. The refinement was carried out using the human alpha-lactalbumin sequence and "omit maps" calculated during the course of refinement indicated eight possible sequence changes in the baboon alpha-lactalbumin X-ray sequence. During the refinement, a tightly bound calcium ion and 150 water molecules, of which four are internal, have been located. Some of the water molecules were modelled for disordered side-chains. The co-ordination around the calcium is a slightly distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The Ca-O distances vary from 2.2 A to 2.6 A, representing a tight calcium-binding loop in the structure. The calcium-binding fold only superficially resembles the "EF-hand" and presumably has no evolutionary relationship with other EF-hand structures. The overall structure of alpha-lactalbumin is very similar to that of lysozyme. All large deviations occur in the loops where all sequence deletions and insertions are found. The C terminus appears to be rather flexible in alpha-lactalbumin compared to lysozyme. The experimental evidence supports the earlier predictions for the alpha-lactalbumin structure that were based upon the assumption that alpha-lactalbumin and lysozyme have similar three-dimensional structures, with minimal deletions and insertions. A detailed comparison of the two structures shows striking features as well as throwing some light on the evolution of these two proteins from a common precursor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Preliminary X-ray crystallography studies of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha. Purification and structural characterization.

Human interleukin-1 alpha, cloned and expressed in E. coli, has been purified and structurally characterized by various physiochemical methods, including mass spectrometry. The recombinant protein has been crystallized by the hanging drop vapor diffusion method using dimethyl sulfoxide as the precipitating agent. The space group is P2(1)2(1)2(1). Unit cell dimensions are a = 44.1, b = 57.1, and c = 61.7 A and alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. The crystals diffract to beyond 1.7 A and are suitable for high resolution data collection. Native diffraction data were collected. Screens for heavy atom derivatives have been initiated.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Evidence that SE is distal to LU on chromosome 19q.

Analysis of a family informative for chromosome 19 loci establishes that the Lutheran blood group locus (LU) lies between the third component of human complement (C3) and the secretor loci (SE). Previously published lod scores for C3:LU are increased from 2.94 to 3.80. The linkage relationships (zeta and theta) between C3, LU, and SE are examined, and the proposed order and approximate genetic distances are determined to be: pter--C3-10.6cM-cen-7.4cM-LU-9cM-SE--qter.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of de novo folate synthesis in Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii: potential for screening therapeutic agents.

Drug therapy studies imply that Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii possess the enzymes necessary for de novo folate synthesis. To verify this, incorporation of [3H]paraaminobenzoic acid [( 3H]PABA) into reduced folates by P. carinii and T. gondii was investigated. Both organisms synthesized tritiated reduced folates. In P. carinii, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate, and in T. gondii, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate were the major synthesized folates. P. carinii remained metabolically active in vitro for only a few days. Because current systems for screening antipneumocystis agents are cumbersome, the utility of this assay system for screening therapeutic agents was investigated. Sulfonamides and pentamidine efficiently inhibited de novo folate synthesis in P. carinii. Inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase such as trimethoprim and trimetrexate were poor inhibitors for P. carinii but efficient inhibitors for T. gondii. This study demonstrates the first unambiguous evidence of metabolic activity in P. carinii, and provides a potential assay for efficiently screening antipneumocystis drugs in vitro.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1989

Sociocultural factors in puerperal infectious morbidity among Navajo women.

From 1980 to 1982, a sample of 968 pregnant Navajo women in New Mexico was enrolled in a prospective study of biologic and sociocultural factors in puerperal infectious morbidity. Past studies have independently implicated both genital infection and psychosocial stressors in perinatal complications, but, to the authors' knowledge, no previous work has concurrently investigated the interactive effects of genital pathogens and psychosocial processes. Endocervical cultures for Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained during prenatal visits, and structured interviews were conducted assessing social support and the degree of cultural traditionality, in this context a proxy measure of acculturative stress. The incidences of postpartum fever, endometritis, and premature rupture of membranes were significantly associated with the concurrence of two factors: the presence of genital tract M. hominis and a highly traditional cultural orientation. When demographic and conventional obstetric risk factors were controlled for, women with both M. hominis and high traditionality experienced infectious complications at a rate twice that of women with either factor alone. Among the plausible explanations for this result is the possibility that acculturative stress undermines physiologic resistance to infectious genital tract disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A private red cell antigen, Jones, causing haemolytic disease of the newborn.

Two previously unpublished low-incidence antigens, Jones and Hol., are identical. The antigen is a dominant, autosomally inherited character that segregates independently from the loci for the ABO, MNS, Duffy and Yt blood group systems and is different from previously published infrequent antigens. The antigen is apparently unaffected by enzyme treatment and is well developed on red cells of neonates. The antibody reacts best by indirect antiglobulin testing, is IgG and has caused haemolytic disease of the newborn. This private blood group antigen, named Jones, has been assigned the ISBT number 700047.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Evidence for genetic linkage between the KEL and YT blood group loci.

Peak lods (zeta) of 3.48 at an estimated recombination fraction (theta) of 0.28 derived from 63 male and 90 female meioses indicate linkage between the KEL and YT blood group loci. Consideration is given to two families; a realistic interpretation of the data increases zeta to 4.24 at theta = 0.26.

Blood Group Antigens↗