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Biomedical subjects

M Lee

Publications and source records attributed to M Lee.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Compositional and metabolic changes in brown adipose tissue following a single test meal.

In rats maintained on a scheduled feeding plan, the hypertrophy of brown adipose tissue (BAT) observed after a low-protein/high-carbohydrate single test meal was accompanied by significant changes in the percentage of all major constituents of the tissue. There was a fall in the percentage of water (P less than 0.01), a rise in the percentage of fat (P less than 0.05), and a rise in the percentage of glycogen (P less than 0.001). The largest absolute changes following a meal were in the fat content, which almost doubled, and in the glycogen content, which exhibited about a four-fold increase. Deposition of fat in the BAT following the test meal was accompanied by a three-fold increase in the rate of fatty acid synthesis (P less than 0.05). The in vitro respiration rate of BAT was usually significantly increased in the meal-fed rats, but the effect of replacing the protein content of the test meal with starch was not clear. A lower protein, higher starch diet (9% of calories from protein, 72% from starch) resulted in a trend for a larger thermic effect than a higher protein, lower starch diet (27% of calories from protein, 54% from starch).

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1983

Ocular adverse effects of human chorionic gonadotropin.

This is the first case report of blurred vision and scotomas associated with hCG injections. Similar visual disturbances have been caused by clomiphene, which is similar to hCG in enhancing LH activity and increasing testosterone levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of piperacillin on tobramycin pharmacokinetics in patients with normal renal function.

Aminoglycosides are inactivated by extended-spectrum penicillins in vitro and in patients with end-stage renal failure. In this prospective controlled study, we determined the effect of piperacillin on tobramycin pharmacokinetics. In 10 clinically stable male patients with calculated creatinine clearances of greater than or equal to 60 ml/min, serial levels in serum of tobramycin alone and after single 4-g intravenous doses of piperacillin were determined. No statistically significant changes in the concentration of drug in serum, the half-life (t1/2), the elimination rate constant (Ke), the volume of distribution (Vd), or the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC0-oo) occurred when tobramycin was used concurrently with piperacillin. Therefore, this antibiotic combination will not result in a clinically significant interaction in patients with normal renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Chromosome changes in Alzheimer's presenile dementia.

Lymphocyte chromosomes were examined in 36 patients with Alzheimer's presenile dementia, 36 healthy, age and sex matched controls, and 36 sex matched, non-demented, elderly controls, approximately 20 years older than the Alzheimer patients. Increased chromosome aneuploidy was found in females with Alzheimer's disease but not in male subjects. Chromosome abnormalities observed in female patients were similar to those observed in elderly controls, though in this latter group there was an increase in the frequency of cells that had lost an X chromosome. In the female Alzheimer patients and the elderly controls, there was an increase in the frequency of autosomal aneuploid cells but no single chromosome was preferentially affected. Because the chromosome abnormalities found in Alzheimer's disease are similar in nature but not as extensive as those observed in senescence in the absence of dementia, it is argued that chromosome aneuploidy is more likely to be related to processes concerned with ageing rather than being specifically linked to the dementia of Alzheimer's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in Korean hemorrhagic fever.

To investigate the nature and role of coagulation and complement alterations in the pathogenesis of Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF), the profiles from the early stages in 27 male patients were serially evaluated. Evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was observed in 14 of the 27 patients (51.8%) sometime during the course of the disease. The earlier the coagulation tests were performed, the more frequently the evidence of DIC was found. The mean serum C3 concentration was significantly decreased during the early stages, while serum C4 concentrations revealed no significant variation. A significant decrease of the serum C3 concentration, however, was found only in the group with DIC. Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) is an acute, systemic disease characterized by fever, hemorrhagic manifestations, and renal failure. This disease has been known to occur from the Pacific Ocean to the Baltic Sea under various synonyms and toponyms including epidemic hemorrhagic fever, hemorrhagic nephrosonephritis and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Recent investigations demonstrated the identity of these conditions described from Korea, the Soviet Union, Japan, and China. Nephropathia epidemica of Scandinavia was also revealed to have a close serological relation to this disease, but with antigenic differences. The etiologic agent was identified in 1978 by Lee et al., who isolated a viral antigen from a field mouse, Apodemus agrarius coreae, which is the natural reservoir of this disease in Korea. The KHF or Hantaan virus has been propagated in cell cultures and observed electronmicroscopically. In thin sections, the virus was detected within the cytoplasmic granular matrices (viroplasms) of the infected cells. Virus particles were spherical and had an extremely electron-dense core. Negative-contrast staining showed that the virus had an icosahedral structure and annular surface capsomeres. The morphology and morphogenesis of the virus were similar to those of the orbiviruses. The characteristic pathologic findings observed in fatal cases of KHF are congestion and hemorrhage of the renal medulla, hemorrhage in the right atrial wall of the heart, and hemorrhage and necrosis in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The microscopic characteristics of these lesions consist of hemorrhage, coagulation necrosis, and mononuclear cell infiltration. The clinical course of typical KHF may be divided into five phases, each designated for a characteristic physiologic aberration; febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Thyroid response in fetuses of calorie-restricted pregnant rats given goitrogen.

The growth of fetuses of 50% calorie-restricted (R) rats was retarded by approximately 1 day as compared with that of ad libitum fed control (C) rats. Nevertheless, the thyroid glands in such growth-retarded fetuses developed in proportion to the size of fetuses, as did the thyroid follicular cell height and the follicular diameter. Pregnant rats were treated with 40 mg propylthiouracil (PTU) each day for 2 days and autopsied on the third day in various gestational periods of Days 17-19, 18-20, 19-21, and 20-22. PTU given to C rats on Days 17 and 18 of gestation did not alter the fetal thyroid weight and histology on Day 19. When given on Days 18 and 19, or later, PTU caused a significant increase in the thyroid weight and follicular cell height. However, when given to R rats on Days 18 and 19, PTU did not influence the fetal thyroid. When given on Days 19 and 20, or later, PTU was effective in R rats. Thus, in fetuses of the R rats, the reciprocal relationship between the pituitary and the thyroid appears to be established with a 1-day delay as compared with the C rats, similar to the 1-day retardation in body weight gain.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunocytochemical localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase in normal and deafferented superior colliculus: evidence for reorganization of gamma-aminobutyric acid synapses.

There is circumstantial evidence that GABAergic synaptic terminals in the superior colliculus might become reorganized in response to a loss of the retinal innervation of this brain region. The present investigation tests this possibility by identifying gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons and their synaptic relationships with an immunocytochemical localization of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and by comparing these synaptic relationships in normal superior colliculus with those present 6 and 16 weeks after unilateral eye removal. In normal superior colliculus, light microscopy revealed a much denser concentration of GAD-positive reaction product in the superficial layers than in the intermediate and deep collicular layers. Most of this reaction product was contained within small, punctate structures, but GAD-positive somata and proximal dendrites also were observed. Electron microscopy showed that GAD was localized in numerous synaptic terminals, including those that were the presynaptic elements of dendrodendritic synapses. The vast majority of GAD-positive presynaptic elements formed symmetric synaptic junctions. In addition, GAD-positive profiles frequently were postsynaptic to unstained retinal terminals as well as presynaptic to unstained dendritic profiles and thus participated in serial synaptic relationships. Furthermore, both retinal and GAD-positive elements commonly were presynaptic to the same postsynaptic dendrite, and often these synaptic contracts were adjacent to each other. In deafferented specimens, profiles with the characteristics of retinal axon terminals were not observed, whereas there appeared to be no reduction of GAD-positive synaptic profiles. However, there was a marked and statistically significant increase in the proportion of GAD-positive presynaptic terminals that formed asymmetric synaptic contacts in superior colliculus deprived of retinal input. This change indicates that partial deafferentation induces a reorganization of GAD-positive synapses. The long-term presence of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme within reorganized synaptic terminals also suggests that such presynaptic elements could produce and, presumably, release neurotransmitter.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Skeletal development in fetuses of rats consuming alcohol during gestation.

Sprague-Dawley female rats were fed either 20% ethanol in drinking water and rat chow ad libitum (alcohol group) or were pair-fed to the alcohol group, with starch substituted isocalorically for ethanol (pair-fed group) or were fed rat chow and tap water ad libitum. After 4 weeks they were bred and the alcohol group was changed to 30% ethanol in water. On day 20 of gestation the fetuses were removed and stained with Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red S. The skeletons were examined for the appearance of ossification centers and the ossification centers in the fore- and hindlimbs were measured. Fetuses from the alcohol group weighed significantly less than those of the two control groups. Ossification centers expected to appear in the skull on day 20 were absent in most of the alcohol group fetuses, but present in the control fetuses. There were fewer ossification centers in the sternum and in the limbs, and the ossification of vertebral centra has progressed less (both anteriorly and posteriorly) in the alcohol fetuses than in the controls. Dimensions of the ossification centers in the limbs were less in the alcohol fetuses than in the controls. No gross malformations were seen in any of the fetuses. It is concluded that by day 20 of gestation skeletal development is retarded by approximately one day in the fetuses of rats given alcohol prior to and throughout gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Method of ethanol administration as a confounding factor in studies of fetal alcohol syndrome.

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a complete liquid diet containing either 5.5% ethanol (mean daily intake of about 9g of ethanol per kg body weight) or an isocaloric amount of dextrose (control group), with additional water available ad libitum. The diets were fed for four weeks prior to and throughout pregnancy. On day 20 of gestation cardiac output and blood flow to the the placenta, heart, kidneys and uterus were measured and plasma osmolality and muscle dry weight were determined. No significant differences were seen between alcohol and control groups with respect to litter size, fetal weight, maternal cardiac output, blood flow to the placenta or other organs, plasma osmolality, or muscle dry weight. This contrasts with previous experiments in which a similar quantity of alcohol (as % calories) was offered in drinking water (equivalent to a mean daily ethanol intake of 10g/kg body weight). Under those conditions fetal weight was reduced, blood flow to the placenta was reduced, and plasma osmolality and muscle dry weight were increased, indicating a moderate degree of dehydration. It is concluded that the effect of ethanol ingestion is influenced by the mode of administration of the ethanol. Dehydration may be a confounding factor in studies of animal models of fetal alcohol syndrome, although it is not possible to rule out a differential metabolic response to alcohol, depending on the mode of administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Augmented home nursing as an alternative to hospital care for chronic elderly invalids.

A scheme of augmented home care for disabled elderly invalids is compared with long-stay hospital care. Initial results suggest that selected patients may be suitable for home care if they can be left unsupervised at night or if a relative is available to provide supervision. The cost of such care is in most cases cheaper than keeping the patient in hospital, and schemes such as this might reduce the need for additional long-stay geriatric beds to meet the necessary demands of our growing elderly population.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Chromosome aneuploidy in Alzheimer's disease.

Lymphocyte chromosomes were examined in 20 women with Alzheimer's pre-senile dementia, 42 non-demented women of similar age and 31 women 15-20 years older than the Alzheimer patients and who were not demented, living independently in the community. Increased chromosome aneuploidy was found in Alzheimer's disease compared to age-matched controls, and this aneuploidy was of a similar nature and degree as that observed in controls 15-20 years older than the Alzheimer patients, though in this latter group there was an increased loss of chromosomes. No single chromosome was preferentially affected in Alzheimer's disease. Because similar chromosome aneuploidy was found in females with Alzheimer's disease and in senescence in the absence of dementia, the 'premature ageing' hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease was preferred rather than the hypothesis that chromosome aneuploidy and dementia arise on the basis of the same biochemical defect.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Sodium potassium dependent ATPase in hypophysectomized rats: response to growth hormone, triiodothyronine, and cortisone.

Groups of hypophysectomized rats were treated with pharmacologic doses of growth hormone, triiodothyronine or cortisone acetate alone or with a combination of growth hormone plus triiodothyronine or growth hormone plus cortisone. After a 7 day period of treatment the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of ouabain (mg ATPase) and in the absence of ouabain (total ATPase) was determined. Ouabain-suppressible sodium, potassium-dependent ATPase or (Na+ + K+) ATPase was calculated as the difference in the rate of hydrolysis in the presence and absence of ouabain. The activity of the Mg ATPase was significantly reduced in brain after treatment with growth hormone regardless of whether other hormone. In liver there was a significant increase in (Na+ + K+) ATPase in growth hormone, triiodothyronine, or (Na+ + K+) ATPase but there was no effect of triiodothyronine or cortisone and no interaction with the effect of growth hormone. In liver there was a significant increase in (Na+ + K+) ATPase in growth hormone, triiodothyronine, or cortisone-treated animals but Mg ATPase was unaffected by hormone treatment except for the group receiving both growth hormone and cortisone. In kidney homogenates both growth hormone and triiodothyronine significantly increased the activity of the (Na+ + K+) ATPase. There was no effect of cortisone. These data suggest that growth hormone and triiodothyronine may both be calorigenic through their effect on the sodium pumping mechanism in the call membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Postoperative nutritional supplementation for the orthognathic surgery patient.

Twenty-four orthognathic surgery patients were studied to determine the impact of a high-calorie liquid supplement on preventing or minimizing catabolism commonly associated with surgery. The experimental group of 12 subjects, chosen at random, consumed blenderized foods ad libitum and a high-calorie dietary supplement providing a minimum of 50% of energy requirements. The remaining 12 subjects consumed only blenderized foods and served as the control group. The nutritional status of all patients was assessed one day before surgery and on Day 7 of the first, third, and sixth postoperative week. In general, nutrient intake in the experimental group remained similar to that before surgery, whereas intake in the control group decreased significantly, particularly at the one-week postoperative evaluation. It was concluded that the addition of a high-calorie liquid supplement to the dietary regimen of orthognathic surgery patients helped maintain nutrient intake at a level comparable to that before surgery. This resulted in better maintenance of body weight and somatic protein compartments compared with the control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Radiation therapy before cystectomy in the management of patients with bladder cancer.

During the preceding two decades, 309 patients with bladder cancer were treated by irradiation before cystectomy at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. A radical tumour dose averaging 6000 cGy (rad) in six weeks was given to 104 patients who underwent radical cystectomy +/- one year later for persistent or recurrent cancer. Pre-operative pelvic irradiation was planned in 205 patients who received either 4000 cGy in four weeks (119) or 2000 cGy in one week (86) and underwent radical cystectomy after +/- six weeks and two days, respectively. The determinate five-year survival rates (41-43%) were similar with the three irradiation regimes; mortality under five years was mainly due to cancer recurrence locally and/or distally. Incidence of recurrence with radiation-induced stage reduction (21%) was lower, especially within the pelvis, than with no stage reduction (51%). Treatment results with planned pre-operative irradiation, especially in high stage tumours, were more favourable with the shorter 2000 cGy regimen of high fractional doses than with the conventionally fractionated 4000 cGy regimen.

Adult↗