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Biomedical subjects

M Lancet

Publications and source records attributed to M Lancet.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Antenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of complete urethral obstruction in the fetus.

A case of ante-natal diagnosis of complete obstruction of the urethra is reported. By repeated ultrasonic B-scans a distended bladder filling the abdominal cavity could be seen, and a hydroureter was demonstrated. By early diagnosis of this condition, which is incompatible with life, a decision to terminate pregnancy can be made.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Granulocyte-macrophage colonies in cultures of human fetal liver cells: morphologic and ultrastructural analysis of proliferation and differentiation.

Fetal liver cells from 6-12-week-old human fetuses were cultured in soft agar to study growth patterns of the granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFU(c)) and to characterize the cellular components of these colonies by morphologic, cytochemical and ultrastructural methods. Liver cell suspensions prepared from 31 fetuses obtained by vaginal interruptions of pregnancies, were seeded in soft agar over feeder layers of normal human leukocytes. At all gestational ages examined, agar colony numbers ranged from 44 +/- 15 to 89 +/- 44/2 x 10(5) cells seeded. Colony frequencies, size and gross morphology closely resembled those derived from adult human marrow. Morphologic, cytochemical and ultrastructural examinations showed that 92% of the colonies were granulocytic with incomplete maturation, as found in adult human marrow colonies. Density fractionation of the cells produced a low density cellular fraction which gave a 3- to 5-fold improved cloning efficiency. This study shows that human fetal livers of 6-12 weeks gestational age contain CFU(c) comparable to that found in adult marrow in their frequency, size, density and dependence on colony stimulating factor, and which differentiate mainly into mature or immature granulocytes. It is suggested that the lack of granulopoiesis in vivo in the early human fetal liver is probably not related to CFU(c) deficiency or defective differentiation. An alternative explanation involving impaired regulatory mechanism(s) should be sought.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1980

Separation of human spermatozoa from a single ejaculate into various age-groups.

Ejaculated human spermatozoa were separated into various age-groups on the basis of their different specific gravity. Salt-poor 25% human serum albumin was used as a separation medium. The separation process had no detectable harmful effect on the spermatozoa. The motility and penetration abilities of the separated cell fractions were tested by means of a new method using a fragiligraph. The younger group of spermatozoa demonstrated better motility and penetration ability in comparison with the older age-groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Early complications and sequence of pregnancy interruption with hypertonic saline.

Midtrimester abortions and a number of cases with missed labor were induced by intrauterine instillation of 30% saline solution in 103 women. The instillation-abortion time was relatively short (mean 25.4 h) while oxytocin was not needed for the augmentation of contractions either in elective abortions or missed labor. Eighty-seven women had a curettage after the abortion; this was directly related to fetal weight. The first puncture was unsuccessful in 11 women (10.7%) and a second puncture was made a week later. Ten women had early complications, mainly fever for a few days; there were no instances of uterine perforations or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Postabortal curettage decreased the incidence of early complications. All study patients had a follow-up examination after 2 to 22 yr from the abortion. In 10 women some sequelae were found, but only in three women was the problem possibly related to the saline abortion (hydrosalpinx, incompetent cervix, and intrauterine adhesions). Of 71 women who subsequently wished to become pregnant, 69 succeeded: seven had more than one pregnancy, in three there were recurrent abortions. In 94 patients menstruation was normal, in eight bleeding became heavier, and there was one case of oligomenorrhea. In the authors' experience and contrary to other publications, midtrimester abortion with concentrated saline has been safe and rapid, and late sequelae have been rare and less important than after early induced abortions.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1980

The problem of the older primipara.

The obstetric data relating to 98 older primiparas (OP) (0.21% of all deliveries) are compared with 100 randomly chosen older multiparas (OM) and 100 young primiparas (YP). Notable differences observed were a higher incidence of toxemia and a greater incidence of uterine myomata in the OP group. No difference was seen in the incidences of diabetes, cardiac disease, and essential hypertension. There was a greater number of preterm deliveries. The frequencies of induction of labor, vacuum extraction, and cesarean section were much greater in the OP group. No difference in postnatal course was detected among the 3 groups. No significant increase in perinatal morbidity was observed, but the incidences of prematurity and perinatal mortality were higher. It seems that the attending obstetrician is much quicker to decide to terminate pregnancy or labor ithe OP group. Except for the need for special attention to prematurity and perinatal mortality, the OP group is not at high risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Third trimester induction of labor with fetal death in utero.

Labor was induced in 64 women in the third trimester, after antepartum fetal death. In 26 patients, hypertonic saline solution was instilled into the uterus; in 24, surgical rupture of the membranes, followed by oxytocin, was tried, and in 14, induction was by amniotomy only. A definite advantage of the last two methods was shown, the mean induction delivery interval being 22.55, 8.96 and 7.20 hours, respectively. Considering also the possible dangers of hypertonic saline solution, the simple method of amniotomy is preferred.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Endocervical-type epithelium in endometrial carcinoma: a report of 10 cases with emphasis on histochemical methods for differential diagnosis.

A review of the histologic material from 100 patients with endometrial carcinoma revealed 10 cases in which endocervical-type epithelium constituted an integral component of endometrial adenocarcinoma. In nine of these, the endocervical epithelium was focal while in one patient, reported in detail, the curetted endometrial carcinoma presented as an almost pure endocervical-type lesion. In most instances, the endocervical epithelium was papillary and mature, but areas of tufting, pseudostratification and atypism were also evident. Endocervical-type epithelium in endometrial cancers was more common in curettings than in hysterectomy specimens probably because of its superficial location within the tumor. The endocervical nature of these components, which are most likely of metaplastic origin, was evident on light and electron microscopy. Histochemical stains established the similarities of the cytoplasmic mucins of these cells to that of normal endocervix and well-differentiated endocervical adenocarcinoma and emphasized the dissimilarities to the mucin content of papillary, secretory and clear-cell endometrial carcinoma. Thus, awareness of this type of lesion, application of strict histologic criteria and use of histochemical stains make it possible to reach the correct diagnosis in most cases, even in those in which the endocervical-type epithelium composes the major portion of curettings from an endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

The efficacy of intraamniotic steroids for induction of labor.

Labor induction in humans by the injection of 18 mg of betamethasone (Celestone) into the amniotic sac was investigated in a group of 19 pregnant women. Eight of the cases were high-risk pregnancies of 36-39 weeks' gestation, and 11 were normal pregnancies of 40-42 weeks' gestation. A group of 19 women at similar stages of pregnancy served as a control group. The criterion for the efficacy of the technique was the onset of labor or rupture of the membranes within 72 hours of the injection. Contrary to other reports, it was concluded that the technique is ineffective since no significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prenatal diagnosis of severe congenital malformations associated with elevated amniotic fluid alpha-feto protein.

Two cases of severely malformed infants with abnormal fetal images on B-scan sonography and markedly elevated amniotic fluid AFP are presented. There was no evidence of neural tube anomalies. The importance of an amniocentesis and AFP in pregnancies with an abnormal fetal image on B-scan sonography is emphasized, taking into consideration that most pregnancies with elevated fluid AFP have serious fetal anomalies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Significance of urinary enzymes in gestosis.

The levels of five enzymes were examined in the urine and the serum of pregnant women. They included leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (ABG), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). After establishing the normal curve and upper confidence limits in healthy pregnant patients (138 examinations in 52 women), the the enzymes were examined in the urine and the serum of 21 severe and 23 mildly toxemic cases. The mean urinary levels of ABG, AP and LAP in the severe cases were significantly higher than in the normals, and by examining all three enzymes, at least one of them was found to be above the upper confidence limit in 95% of the severely ill women. The changes did not show up early enough to form a good diagnostic and prognostic sign in moderate pregnancy-induced hypertension, but severe kidney damage may be revealed earlier than by the regular kidney function tests, and patients with a bad remote prognosis can be singled out by this method.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1978

Prenatally diagnosed blocked atrial premature beats.

A case of persistent severe bradycardia in labor, diagnosed as blocked atrial premature beats, is presented. Simultaneous recording of fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) during labor established an accurate diagnosis of an innocent fetal sinus bradycardia and differentiated it from fetal distress. This method should be applied in all cases of persistent fetal dysrhythmia, in order to differentiate it from hypoxic distress, and thus enable the obstetrician to avoid unnecessary cesarean sections.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sexual knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Israeli adolescents.

A study of 4,976 high-school students in Israel, representative of this age group for the entire country except for 13 percent who attend religious schools, revealed that about one-third of the boys aged 14-15 and almost one-half of those in the 16-17 age category have had sexual intercourse. The respective figures for girls are 6 percent and 16 percent. Age at onset of sexual activity was found to be higher and the level of knowledge about the same as in reports from the Western world. Students of Oriental origin, as well as those considering themselves religious or traditional tended to be less active sexually, more conservative in their attitudes, and less knowledgeable. In contrast, students of both sexes residing in kibbutzim were found to be more active sexually and more knowledgeable. A double standard for girls was accepted, especially among the female respondents, except in the kibbutzim. A subgroup of girls highly sexually active, in contrast to their own attitudes, has been identified, and possible reasons for this discordance discussed. As sexual activity among teenagers is becoming more prevalent, comprehensive and early sex education school programs should be encouraged.

Adolescent↗