Biomedical subjects

M Lamy

Publications and source records attributed to M Lamy.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Continuous measurement of jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation in neurosurgical patients.

Monitoring cerebral oxygen availability and utilization is of the utmost importance for patients with brain insults or potentially at risk of brain oxygen deprivation. The availability of the continuous measurement of oxygen saturation in the jugular bulb questions the value of this parameter as an indicator of brain oxygenation. This article reviews the theoretical background and the practical aspects of this monitoring. It describes its possible applications to neurosurgical patients in the operating theater as well as in the intensive therapy unit. Finally, it comments on its main limitations which could impede an extensive utilization in clinical practice.

Brain↗

PubMed1991

[Urticating hairs of "brown-tail" moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) (Lepidoptera): preliminary studies in urban and laboratory].

Urticating hairs of the brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) are detectable in the air using apparatus designed for the collection of airborne microorganisms and pollen research studies. The hairs are produced by caterpillars and are distributed by air currents or via moths. They were collected in Bordeaux. In the laboratory a nycthemeral cycle of hair emission is observed and is correlated with the biological activities of these species.

Air Microbiology↗

PubMed1990

Prospective trial of recombinant leucocyte interferon in chronic hepatitis B: a long-term follow-up study.

Twenty-one adult patients with chronic hepatitis B and active viral replication as indicated by positivity for hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA, with increased DNA polymerase levels for more than 6 months, were entered into a prospective trial of low-dose recombinant human alpha-interferon therapy. All patients were treated with 5 million units of recombinant interferon alfa-2b given subcutaneously every other day for 12 weeks. During treatment, 18 patients (86%) showed a significant reduction of DNA polymerase levels (p less than or equal to 0.001), which reached normal values in ten (48%). After 10 months' mean follow up, seven patients (33%) were hepatitis B e antigen negative and five (24%) subsequently became positive for antibodies to e antigen. By 27 months, nine patients (43%) were both hepatitis B e antigen negative and e antibody positive. Only one patient became permanently negative for hepatitis B surface antigen. One patient relapsed during the second year of follow up. Side effects necessitated withdrawal of therapy in two patients: one due to worsening thrombocytopenia after two doses of interferon (data omitted from the study results) and one due to a local reaction at the injection sites. Our data indicate that small doses of recombinant interferon alfa-2b given during a 12-week period induce a significant reduction in viral replication and approximately triple the spontaneous seroconversion rate observed in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1990

Plasma renin activity and urine beta 2-microglobulin during and after cardiopulmonary bypass: pulsatile vs non-pulsatile perfusion.

Fourteen patients with normal preoperative renal function underwent aortocoronary bypass graft using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with pulsatile (P;n = 7) or non pulsatile (NP;n = 7) perfusion. In the two groups prebypass values of plasma renin activity (PRA) and urine beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M) were within normal limits. PRA increased significantly during CPB and the first 6 h after CPB only in the non-pulsatile group. In both groups, the urine beta 2-M level increased significantly during and after CPB; however, there was no significant difference in urine beta 2-M levels between the two groups. Also, the amount of beta 2-M excreted in urines per unit of time increased significantly in both groups during and after CPB; there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Atmospheric pollution of animal origin: the urticating hairs of the processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) (Insects, Lepidoptera)].

Urticating hairs of pine processionary caterpillars are detectable in air using techniques designed for airborne microorganisms and pollen's research. As with pollens, abondance of hairs is correlated with distance of production zone and with local meterological conditions. Collected in Bordeaux, urticating hairs will be considered for allergists as pollens and other allergic particles.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1990

Equine postanaesthetic myositis: a possible role for free radical generation and membrane lipoperoxidation.

A method for the evaluation of total plasma antihydroxyl and antiperferryl activity is described. This method was applied to horse plasma obtained during halothane anaesthesia. In horses suffering from postanaesthetic myositis, a significant decrease in the antiperferryl activity was observed during anaesthesia particularly when the muscular compression produced by the weight of the horse was released. In the affected muscles, strong oxidants could therefore be generated during the reperfusion of the ischaemic muscles and might initiate membrane lipid peroxidation. This phenomenon could possibly explain the muscular damage observed in equine postanaesthetic myositis.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed1990

Posttraumatic parathyroid crisis and severe hypercalcemia treated with intravenous bisphosphonate (APD). Case report.

Severe acute hypercalcemia (4.03 mmol/l) developed in a 50 years old woman after head and intraabdominal trauma (and splenectomy). After failure to correct the calcium levels by intravenous saline, furosemide, steroids and calcitonin, two hemodialyses were performed; definitive control of hypercalcemia was obtained by intravenous (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1.1-bisphosphonic acid (APD). APD is a new drug analog of pyrophosphate; its main property is to block bone resorption, irrespective of its stimulus. As suspected by clinical and laboratory data and confirmed by arteriographic findings, surgery and pathologic examination, the underlying pathology was a mild primary hyperparathyroidism which was acutely worsened (parathyroid crisis) in the course of the trauma. Definitive treatment consisted of the removal of the adenoma responsible of the hyperparathyroidism.

Abdominal Injuries↗

PubMed1989

Operative mortality following surgery for colorectal cancer.

From 1973 to 1986 at the Baviere Hospital, University of Liège, 476 patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancers. The overall operative mortality rate was 13.4 per cent. The following postoperative life-threatening complications occurred: myocardial infarction (14 per cent of the postoperative deaths) during the first three postoperative days; bronchopneumonia (27 per cent of the postoperative deaths) mainly during the first postoperative week; pulmonary embolism (17 per cent of the postoperative deaths) mainly during the second postoperative week; anastomotic leakage and cerebrovascular accident (14 and 8 per cent of the postoperative deaths respectively) mainly during the third and fourth postoperative weeks. Specific risk factors were chronic obstructive airways disease associated with a higher incidence of postoperative bronchopneumonia, and previous myocardial infarction associated with postoperative myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. General risk factors were old age and emergency procedure, both of which were associated with a higher incidence of infectious complications. The operative mortality rate fell from 20.1 per cent in the 1973-79 period to 7.8 per cent in the 1980-86 period.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

Prospective evaluation of thoracic-duct drainage in the treatment of respiratory failure complicating severe acute pancreatitis.

Thoracic duct drainage (TDD) may be of value for removing toxic substances released by the inflamed pancreas and which are responsible for lung damage. We have prospectively assessed the efficacy of TDD in improving pulmonary gas exchange in 12 patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated by persistent respiratory failure despite standard conservative treatment including peritoneal dialysis in 8 patients. In group A were 6 patients (mean Ranson score = 7.3) with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and in group B were 6 hypoxemic patients (mean Ranson score = 6.6) judged to be at risk of developing ARDS. The duration of TDD ranged from 3 to 10 days and the total amount of drained lymph (L) varied from 770 to 15,600 ml. Immunoreactive trypsin levels were significantly higher in L when compared to blood in both groups. Leukocyte myeloperoxidases in L (normal value less than than 332 +/- 82 ng/ml in plasma) were increased in 5 of 5 group A patients (830 +/- 317 ng/ml) and in 3 of 6 patients in group B (671 +/- 467 ng/ml). After TDD pulmonary gas exchange as measured by median PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) improved from 148 +/- 60 to 285 +/- 42 in group A and from 192 +/- 37 to 330 +/- 42 in group B (p less than 0.05). All patients were weaned after ventilation for a mean of 8 days in group A and 4 days in group B. All patients survived apart from 1 group B patient who died of sepsis on day 34.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1989

Fluid management and plasma renin activity in organ donors.

Fluid management and assessment of organ perfusion in organ donors with hypotonic polyuria remain poorly investigated problems. In our protocol, urinary losses (565 +/- 202 ml/h) were replaced volume for volume by 3.3% dextrose/0.3% natrium chloride solution (Baxter) with 20 mmol/l potassium chloride. Concentrated red blood cells were administered to maintain hematocrit at about 30%, and volume expansion (central venous pressure above 6 mmHg) was obtained by gelatin (haemaccel) infusion. In all donors (n = 9), plasma electrolytes remained within normal limits despite hypotonic polyuria. Suppression of initial plasma renin activity (PRA: 9.7 +/- 3.6 ng/ml per hour) was obtained by subacute volume expansion. In eight donors the hemodynamic status improved, dopamine administration, when used, was discontinued, and PRA decreased (2.3 +/- 0.7 ng/ml per hour; P less than 0.05). The only donor who failed to respond to fluid therapy had increased PRA (24.2 ng/ml per hour). During fluid challenge, an inverse relationship was demonstrated between mean arterial pressure and PRA in all nine donors (r = -0.61; P less than 0.001), while there were no significant changes in blood urea. creatinine, or urine output. It is concluded that in organ donors, proper maintenance of the hemodynamic status and suppression of the renin stress response may be obtained by an adequate fluid management, involving both qualitative restoration and expansion of intravascular volume.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 serum levels during severe sepsis in humans.

In a study of serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in patients developing sepsis in the ICU, high TNF alpha levels were found in patients with septic shock. Normal values are 75 +/- 15 pg/ml; in these patients, TNF alpha serum level ranged from 100 to 5000 pg/ml with a mean of 701 +/- 339 pg/ml and a median of 250 pg/ml. There was a correlation between TNF alpha level and sepsis severity score as well as with mortality. In contrast, IL-1 beta serum levels were only slightly increased and were not correlated with severity or mortality.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Prospective trial of recombinant leucocyte interferon in chronic hepatitis B: a 10-month follow-up study.

Twenty-one adult patients with chronic hepatitis B and active viral replication as indicated by the presence of hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg), increased DNA polymerase (DNAp) and positive hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) for more than 6 months, were entered into a prospective trial of recombinant human interferon therapy. Ten patients had chronic persistent or chronic lobular hepatitis, 8 chronic active hepatitis and 3 postnecrotic cirrhosis. All cases were treated with 5 x 10(6) units of recombinant interferon alfa-2B given subcutaneously every other day for 12 weeks. During treatment, 18 patients (86%) showed a significant reduction of DNAp levels, which reached normal values in 10 patients (48%). Viral replication was controlled over a 10-month follow-up period in 7 out of 21 patients (33%). Of these 7, five patients became HBeAg negative and HBeAb positive. HBsAg disappeared in one patient. The only serious adverse effect was thrombocytopenia in one patient in whom rapid recovery occurred when interferon was withdrawn. Treatment was also terminated in a second patient because of local reactions at the injection sites occurring after 10 weeks of therapy. Our data indicate that relatively small doses of recombinant alfa-2B interferon given during a 12-week period induce a significant reduction in viral replication and might approximately triple the spontaneous seroconversion rate observed in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[The household and the small family, a methodological illusion of statistics and survey demography].

The authors question the use of the concept of "households" in demographic analyses of the family. "Designed with reference to the Western family, is the concept still operational in radically different contexts, and in particular where extended families are dominant? The authors reply that it might be as long as it is handled with caution, knowledge of its limits and only as a practical collection concept. Wanting to force it to coincide with a social reality leads to methodological illusion." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗

PubMed1989

[The brown-tail moth of Bombyx Euproctis chrysorrhoea L. (Lepidoptera) responsible for lepidopterism in France: biological interpretation].

A scanning electron microscope study has enabled an explanation as to why the brown-tail moth provokes Lepidopterism. The brown-tail moth only provokes Lepidopterism via a transmission of the urticating hairs of its caterpillar. Urticating moths (genus Hylesia and Anaphae) protect their eggs and young caterpillars with urticating hairs, thus it is very ambiguous to label erucism as the contact dermatitis produced by caterpillar production or Lepidopterism as the contact dermatitis caused by moth urticating hairs.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Postoperative changes in lipid profile: their relations with inflammatory markers and endocrine mediators.

Postoperative changes in plasma lipid profile have been studied in six patients undergoing aortobifemoral bypass. The second day after surgery, significant changes were: decreased levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (by 55%), non HDL cholesterol (by 60%) phospholipid (by 50%), pre-beta-lipoprotein (by 70%), beta-lipoprotein (by 50%), apolipoprotein A1 (by 60%) and apolipoprotein B (by 55%). The magnitude of these changes correlated positively with serum levels of transferrin and negatively with serum levels of C-reactive protein. Triglyceride levels also showed a significant decrease (by 60%) while free fatty acids increased by 70%. Changes in triglyceride levels were not correlated with serum transferrin and C-reactive protein but showed a significant negative correlation with insulin levels. Our results suggest that both inflammatory and endocrine mediators are likely implicated in the postoperative changes in lipid profile.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed1989

Interest of face mask--CPAP in one case of severe accidental hypothermia.

We report one case of severe accidental hypothermia; rectal temperature was 25 degrees C. Hypoxemia unmodified by 100 O2 inhalation in an ordinary face-mask was easily corrected using a face-mask CPAP; a ventilation-perfusion mismatching could be implicated in the cold induced hypoxemia. Active rewarming (1.5 degrees C/h) was pursued from 25 to 37 degrees C, using non aggressive methods: warming blankets and a Bennett heated humidifier inserted in the CPAP system. Even in severe hypothermia successful results may be obtained without resort to sophisticated methods.

Acidosis, Lactic↗

PubMed1988

Equine post anaesthetic myositis: muscular post ischaemic hyperaemia measured by laser Doppler flowmetry.

Measurements of muscular microcirculation in horses anaesthetised with halothane were performed by laser Doppler flowmetry. Variations of microcirculation in the compressed and uncompressed triceps brachii were measured when horses were positioned in dorsal recumbency after a prolonged period in lateral recumbency. A significant post ischaemic hyperaemia was recorded in horses which developed a post anaesthetic myositis.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗

PubMed1988

[Hepatic protein synthesis of the kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system].

Plasma prekallikrein and kininogens were assayed by specific enzymatic and immunological methods in cirrhotic patients with terminal liver failure and during oestrogenic impregnation. In cirrhotic patients plasma levels of these substances were significantly lowered and they correlated negatively with necrosis enzymes. A highly significant positive correlation was found between coagulation factor values and the levels of prekallikrein and kininogens. During oestrogenic impregnation the levels of the constituents of the kallikrein-kinin system were significantly increased when compared with reference values. These findings indicate that plasma concentrations of prekallikrein and kininogens are dependent upon liver synthesis capacity.

Female↗