Biomedical subjects
M Lamy
Publications and source records attributed to M Lamy.
[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and anesthesia].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Equine postanaesthetic myositis: thromboxanes, prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 production.
Arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase metabolites, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 (6-keto-PGF1) were measured in horses where anaesthesia was maintained with halothane. Two horses suffering from postanaesthetic myositis were compared with four normal horses. TXB2 and PGE2 levels were higher in mixed venous blood drawn from the myopathic horses. An increase of TXB2 and PGE2 levels appeared when myopathic horses were rolled into dorsal recumbency after a prolonged period of lateral recumbency. One hour after the end of anaesthesia, TXB2 had continued to increase whereas PGE2 decreased. By measurements on blood samples drawn from the brachial vein, we have shown that the rising level of TXB2 in mixed venous blood is mainly due to the increase of TXB2 in blood draining the dependent leg. The origin of the rise in PGE2 is not demonstrated in this study. 6-keto-PGF1 did not change during anaesthesia. An explanation of this imbalance between TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 production is considered.
Treatment of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis with ganciclovir in renal transplantation.
Ganciclovir, also called DHPG, was administered intravenously to eight renal transplant recipients with life-threatening cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis. One patient died of pulmonary failure; a favorable clinical response was observed in the seven others. In one patient, CMV pneumonitis recurred but responded well to a second course of the drug. At no time was the immunosuppressive regimen completely stopped in the seven surviving patients. Six of them maintained a good renal function 1-11 months after treatment with ganciclovir. No toxic effect was detected during therapy. We conclude that ganciclovir appears to be a promising and effective treatment for CMV pneumonitis after renal transplantation.
The complex problem of ARDS: pathophysiology, management.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[The oak processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processiona L.) and man: urticating apparatus and mechanism of action].
The urticating apparatus of the oak processionary caterpillar was studied by electron microscopy at times when this species was exceptionally abundant in France. Proteins of urticating hairs were studied by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel and were compared with thaumetopoein, an urticating protein of the pine processionary caterpillar, using immunological techniques. A thaumetopoein-like protein was found to be present in oak processionary urticating hairs. This protein has a histamine-releasing effect in the guinea-pig. Contact dermatitis caused by the oak processionary caterpillar is described and compared to that produced by the pine processionary caterpillar.
IVth International Meeting of Clinical Biology CH Sainte-Ode, Baconfoy, Belgium May 23-24th, 1987 clinical biology in intensive care medicine. Leukocyte aggregation and complement activation in respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
A diffuse lesion in the alveolar-capillary membrane appears as an initial pathological event which preludes the emergence of an Acute Respiratory Distress (ARDS) with pulmonary oedema. The implication of polymorphous nuclear cells (PMN) as the cells initiating this lesion remains solidly established. The activation of the complement system has been established in numerous circumstances associated with the risk of the development of an ARDS. This activation can be exogenous and leads to the generation of inflammatory agents, stimulating different types of cells such as the PMN, the monocytes and mastocytes by intermediation of specific receptors, and activate important function of locomotion, adhesion, aggregation, degranulation, etc. Authors describe here the behaviour of C5a and the aggregability of PMN in such patients with a risk of ARDS.
Measurements of muscular microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry in isoflurane and halothane anaesthetised horses.
The cardiovascular function of horses was less depressed during anaesthesia with isoflurane than during anaesthesia with halothane. Muscular microcirculation measured by laser Doppler flowmetry was significantly greater in horses anaesthetised with isoflurane.
Thromboxane and prostacyclin release in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were measured in 84 patients at risk of developing adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (44 patients following multiple trauma, 29 patients following abdominal surgery and 11 patients with acute pancreatitis). Forty-nine of these 84 patients developed an ARDS. High (greater than 140 pg/ml plasma) TXB2 values were found in 52/84 patients. The median values of TXB2 were: 360 pg/ml in multiple injured, 250 pg/ml in abdominal surgery and 410 pg/ml in acute pancreatitis patients. The median TXB2 value was 575 pg/ml in patients developing ARDS and 140 pg/ml in those without this complication: this difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The median values of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were 55 pg/ml in multiple injured, 25 pg/ml in abdominal surgery and 120 pg/ml in acute pancreatitis patients. The median 6-keto-PGF1 alpha value was 122 pg/ml in ARDS patients and 25 pg/ml in non-ARDS patients (statistically significant: p less than 0.05). High TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha values were particularly related to sepsis in abdominal surgery patients (p less than 0.05) and in multiple injured patients (p less than 0.01). No relation could be established between abnormal TXB2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha values and death. High TXB2 values often persisted for several days and were observed particularly at the time ARDS diagnostic criteria were fulfilled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biochemical investigations after burning injury: complement system, protease-antiprotease balance and acute-phase reactants.
Seventeen burned patients were investigated--Group I (n=10) with a mean burned area expressed as unit burn standard (UBS) of 69 +/- 24 and Group II (n = 7) with a mean UBS of 23 +/- 8. Blood samples were collected immediately after admission, 6-12 h after injury, during the morning and evening of day 1, and then daily for 2 weeks. This prospective study demonstrated complement activation in vivo in all burned patients, measured by C3d/C3 ratio index which was not related to the extent of the burned surface. A significant protease-antiprotease imbalance, correlated to the severity of burns, was found, leukocyte elastase was increased throughout the observation period, alpha 2-macroglobulin drastically decreased in severely burned patients, and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor promptly decreased below the normal level in patients with more than 40 UBS. Finally, there was a delayed but then persistent acute-phase reactant protein response involving C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, the concentrations of which reached a plateau on days 6 or 7.
In-vivo studies on Haemaccel-fibronectin interaction in man.
An enzyme-linked immunoassay has been recently set up for direct measurement of the binding capacity of plasma fibronectin to gelatin. This binding capacity could be completely inhibited in vitro by an eight-fold excess of gelatin, of Haemaccel, but not of Geloplasma. On the contrary, the levels of immunoreactive fibronectin measured by laser nephelometry did not change, in presence of 10 to 1000 micrograms ml-1 of gelatin, of Haemaccel or of Geloplasma. When infused into normal volunteers, Haemaccel provoked a strong and immediate inhibition of the plasma fibronectin binding capacity to gelatin. This inhibition was dose-dependent and maximal after infusion of 500 ml of Haemaccel. Twenty-four hours after this infusion, there was a progressive recovery of the gelatin-binding capacity, which was almost completely achieved 96 h later. The formation of complexes between Haemaccel and fibronectin was demonstrated by gel filtration chromatography and by affinity chromatography. Immunoreactive plasma fibronectin levels remained unchanged up to 24 h after infusion of 500 ml of Haemaccel. A transient decline to 50% of its initial value then occurred the second day after the infusion. Therefore, a delay existed between the formation of fibronectin-Haemaccel complexes and their elimination from the bloodstream. This delay decreased when smaller volumes of Haemaccel were infused, which strongly suggests that plasma fibronectin is cleared by means of Haemaccel and does not seem to play a role of opsonin in these conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effectiveness of oral acyclovir prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Blood gas and coefficient of extraction of oxygen at the level of the limbs in the horse anesthetized by halothane].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Equine postanesthetic myopathy: production of lactates by the compressed muscles in the horse anesthetized by halothane].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
An enzyme-linked immunoassay for direct measurement of the gelatin-binding capacity of human plasma fibronectin.
A new solid-phase enzyme immunoassay measuring the gelatin-binding capacity of plasma fibronectin has been developed. This assay is based on the direct and high-affinity interaction between fibronectin and gelatin coated to polyvinyl chloride plates. The amount of fibronectin bound to gelatin is then measured by sequential incubation with a specific rabbit anti-human fibronectin antiserum, with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibodies and with substrate. The final degradation of the substrate is read at 492-650 nm in an ELISA processor. The assay allows the accurate detection of fibronectin concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 micrograms/ml, is inhibited by the addition of gelatin to plasma, is highly reproducible (interplate CV less than 10%), requires 100 microliter of plasma only and has been fully automated. Significant linear correlations were noted between total antigenic fibronectin (measured by laser nephelometry) and fibronectin gelatin-binding capacity in plasma from 310 blood donors. Both parameters were higher in men than in women and significantly increased according to age. Dissociation between immunoreactive fibronectin and fibronectin gelatin-binding capacity was observed in two polytraumatized patients. This enzyme immunoassay therefore provides a new method to investigate functional alterations of the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin in various pathological conditions.
Thaumetopoein: an urticating protein from the hairs and integument of the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff., Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoeidae).
Hairs of the Thaumetopoea pityocampa caterpillar (Lepidoptera) cause a cutaneous reaction in man and animals. The irritating fraction extracted from hairs contains soluble proteins which were separated by various electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic techniques. Some of these proteins are present also in cuticle and haemolymph. One protein of 28,000 mol. wt is hair specific and caused a reaction in pig skin identical to that produced by hair extract. It is therefore an urticating protein which we have named thaumetopoein. This protein is formed of two subunits of molecular weights 13,000 and 15,000. It is present in large quantities in the glands producing urticating hairs.
Trypsin-like activity and thromboxane release in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Plasmatic immunoreactive trypsin (IRT), thromboxane and trypsin-like enzymatic activity were measured in 117 patients at risk of developing adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (53 multiple injury, 30 abdominal surgery, 17 acute pancreatitis, 12 burnt and 5 disseminated intravascular coagulation patients). 69 of these patients developed ARDS. Immunoreactive trypsin and thromboxane were measured by radio-immuno-assay and trypsin-like enzymatic activity by spectrophotometry, using a specific chromogenic substrate. Mean IRT value was 675 ng/ml in ARDS and 265 ng/ml in non ARDS patients (p less than 0.05). Mean IRT value was 685 ng/ml in septic and 170 ng/ml in non septic patients (p less than 0.01). An abnormal trypsin-like enzymatic activity was measured in 26 ARDS patients. In 60 patients (37 ARDS and 23 non ARDS), thromboxane appeared in plasma simultaneously or about 24 hours after the beginning of IRT release. The importance of thromboxane release parallels the intensity of IRT. Originating from pancreas, trypsin can appear in plasma either by absorption from gastrointestinal tract or after pancreatic ischemia.
[Preoperative preparation and postoperative monitoring of a patient with hereditary angioneurotic edema].
Hereditary angioneurotic oedema is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with serum deficiency of functionally active C1 inhibitor protein. This decrease is characterized by episodic swelling of subcutaneous tissues, of abdominal viscera and of the upper airway. Attacks of angioneurotic oedema, sometimes fatal when involving the upper airway, can occur during any surgery. It is therefore necessary to prepare affected patients before surgery. This review article describes the various preventive treatments used to avoid attacks during surgery: antifibrinolytic agents, androgens, fresh frozen plasma, C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate. Preoperative management of one patient with angioneurotic oedema using danazol and C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate is reported.