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Biomedical subjects

M L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to M L Miller.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Hematologic and serologic studies in 6-sulfanilamidoindazole arthritis.

6-sulfanilamidoindazole (6-SAI), an antibacterial sulfonamide, is known to cause an acute, self-limited inflammatory reaction in the hind paws of older rats. Administration of 6-SAI results in hyperfibrinogenemia which precedes the onset of clinical arthritis. The hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with the prolongation of dilute blood clot lysis times, appearance of heparin-precipitable fibrinogen, elevations in fibrin degradation products, and complement titers and serum electrophoretic pattern changes that consist of decreased albumin concentrations and increased beta globulin concentrations. Alterations in 6-SAI medicated young rats are less marked and require higher doses.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) of childhood is a complex and challenging disease which can occur at any age. Identification of disease early in it's course and aggressive, appropriate management leads to improved outcome for an individual child. The history of SLE indicates how much progress has been made in the last quarter century. A discussion of the etiopathogenesis of SLE demonstrates the complexity of the syndrome. This is followed by a description of clinical manifestations, including diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis and suggested methods for eliciting important symptoms to make the diagnosis. Evaluation of specific organs is next reviewed highlighting critical organ manifestations that are significant for future prognosis. Treatment of SLE includes a variety of medications, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, steroids and immuno-suppressive drugs. Attention to physical activity, stress and nutrition is equally important. Signs and symptoms that indicate disease flare or infection are described. Lastly, related syndromes are reviewed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracisternal protein in the type II pneumocyte of the ferret, guinea pig, and mongrel dog.

An intracisternal protein in the type II pneumocyte of the ferret, guinea pig, and mongrel dog was examined by light and electron microscopy and morphometry. The basic pattern of layering in this membrane-bound, ribosome-studded structure (cisternal body) was visualized in cross section as dense layers separated by approximately 0.1 micron with seven fine layers between. In all species the central fine band of the seven was occasionally more prominent than the other six. In the guinea pig the seven fine layers alternated in density from light to dark. The cisternal body of the dog was similar to that of the ferret, but was very much smaller and encountered infrequently. No function has been ascribed to this structure; however, its relation to lamellar bodies, the perinuclear membrane, and surfactant apoprotein is discussed.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of inhalation of cadmium on the rat olfactory system: behavior and morphology.

To investigate the effects of cadmium on olfaction, two separate studies were conducted in which male adult rats were exposed to CdO, via inhalation, for 5 h per day, 5 days a week for 20 weeks. Target exposure values of 250 and 500 micrograms/m3 were measured at 200 and 325 micrograms/m3 for the low concentration in two experiments, and 550 and 660 micrograms/m3 for the high concentration. Prior to exposure, olfactory thresholds were obtained using a conditioned suppression technique. After 20 weeks of cadmium exposure, there was no evidence of anosmia in any of the rats nor were there any significant changes observed in olfactory thresholds. Although olfaction was not impaired, cadmium levels in the olfactory bulbs of exposed rats were significantly elevated compared to controls. Cardiac and respiratory histopathology were observed at all exposure levels, but there was no evidence of nasal pathology related to exposure to cadmium. Failure of cadmium to produce olfactory dysfunction may be due to the protective effects of metallothionein and/or to the highly resilient nature of the rodent olfactory system.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The analysis of EDTA in dried bloodstains by electrospray LC-MS-MS and ion chromatography.

Analytical methods were developed to determine the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in dried bloodstains to provide probative information when allegations of evidence tampering have been made in criminal cases. A simple screening method using ion chromatography to analyze stains was found to be quantitative to the 5 ppm level. The presence of EDTA was then confirmed using negative and positive ion mode liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) methods. A blind trial of these methods on 42 samples correctly determined the bloodstains that did and did not contain the preservative EDTA. One interesting observation in these results was the adsorption and postanalysis release of EDTA in the chromatographic system. In order to avoid cross contamination of samples resulting from this phenomena, it was found to be necessary to use EDTA-free blood extracts as blanks in the LC-MS analysis of bloodstains.

Blood Stains↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A mass spectrometric method for quantitation of intact insulin in blood samples.

An analytical method was developed for the quantitation of intact insulin in blood samples. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to purify and concentrate the protein after the plasma is separated. Analysis is performed by electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using a trifluoroacetic acid mobile phase. The limit of quantitation of the SPE LC-MS method has been determined to be 1.0 ng/mL for endogenous levels of insulin. Base levels of human insulin in plasma have been quantitated, and values ranging from 1.0 to 1.4 ng/mL were observed. In a single analysis, the method can determine human, porcine, and bovine insulin. Reproducibility was tested for both blood samples and aqueous standards and produced relative standard deviations of approximately 10% and lower. Calibration curves were constructed corresponding to plasma levels of 0.4 to 80 ng/mL and found to be linear with R2 values greater than 0.99. Stability studies of human and porcine insulin were performed over a period of 21 days for whole human blood samples stored at both room temperature and 4 degrees C. Hemolyzed blood samples were also analyzed using the developed method and were found to produce quantitatable levels of insulin. The advantage of the application of SPE and LC-MS for the quantitation of insulin is the high specificity compared to other techniques such as radioimmunoassay (RIA). In addition, the developed LC-MS method is not subject to interferences that cause problems with RIA, such as hemolysis. The method is efficient and rapid and produces results more specific than those obtained with RIA.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trichostasis spinulosa: a clinical simulant of acne open comedones.

Trichostasis spinulosa is a disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles that may simulate acne open comedones. It is a commonly reported cosmetic annoyance in adults but not children. A review of the literature and a case of trichostasis spinulosa in a 13-year-old black girl with a history of onset at 18 months of age are presented.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Thrombocytopenia is a lesser known but significant complication of heparin therapy. Heparin-dependent, antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia may be accompanied by hemorrhagic or thrombotic sequelae. Thrombosis is more frequent and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic laboratory findings include a variable reduction in the platelet count during heparin administration and the presence of heparin-dependent platelet-associated antibodies that can induce in vitro platelet aggregation. Discontinuing heparin is the primary treatment, although other therapies may be used. This review discusses clinical features, pathophysiology, laboratory findings, and treatment alternatives.

Heparin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The preoperative bleeding time test: assessing its clinical usefulness.

The bleeding time test can aid in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with clinical hemorrhagic disorders or a history of bleeding. However, its low positive predictive value in predicting perioperative bleeding should force one to abandon it as a routine preoperative screening test.

Bleeding Time↗