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Biomedical subjects

M Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to M Kudo.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Clinical studies on ceftazidime in the pediatric field].

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) is a newly developed cephalosporin. Clinical studies on this drug was carried out and the results were as follows. Twenty-nine patients (acute purulent tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 15, acute purulent lymphadenitis 2, pyoderma 1, skin abscess 2 and urinary tract infection 6) were treated with CAZ in doses of 42-1 mg/kg (mean 59 mg/kg) divided 2-3 times per day for 3-10 days (mean 5.7 days) intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 96.6%. As to adverse reaction, drug fever was observed in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory data were noted in 4 cases (elevation of serum GOT, GPT and BUN in 1, elevation of serum GOT and GPT in 1, elevation of BUN in 1 and leukopenia in 1).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Changes of collagen types at various stages of human liver cirrhosis.

Macromolecular collagen components in normal liver and at the different stages of human liver cirrhosis were studied under various extraction conditions. The collagen content at the typical stage of liver cirrhosis was more than five-fold higher than that of the normal state. Pepsin-solubilized collagens extracted successively accounted for 90% of the total collagen and were subjected to determination of the collagen types by salt differentiated fractionation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both type I and III collagens, especially the former, increased, reflecting enhanced total collagen with the progression of liver cirrhosis. The ratio of type I to type III was 1.02 - 1.22 in normal liver and at the early stage of liver cirrhosis, but increased to 1.58 and 1.60 at the typical and advanced stages of liver cirrhosis, respectively. At the early stage, the remarkable increase in type V collagen started much earlier than at the typical stage when the ratio of type I to type III changed. The enhancement of type V collagen may result from a cell proliferative phenomenon at the earlier stage of liver cirrhosis.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1984

[A case of subependymoma in the lateral ventricle with intraventricular hemorrhage].

Subarachnoid hemorrhage attributable to brain tumor, particularly due to benign tumor, is not common. A case of subependymoma in the lateral ventricle, which manifested itself with an episode of subarachnoid hemorrhage was reported. A 33-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of severe headache and transient loss of consciousness, but neurological examination revealed no abnormality except for slight disturbance of consciousness and nuchal rigidity. Lumbar puncture showed an opening pressure over 350mmH2O and grossly bloody CSF. CT scan revealed an enhanced mass occupying the left ventricular trigone. Angiography, however, demonstrated no tumor stain or other vascular abnormality. Preoperative diagnosis was an intraventricular tumor of benign nature. A soft tumor arose from the lateral wall of the trigone was removed subtotally by paramedian parieto-occipital approach. Histology of the tumor was of typical subependymoma with scanty vascularity. Intraventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage from cerebral neoplasm reported so far, is mostly due to a highly vascularized tumor. Subependymoma is of benign nature with poor vascularity, and therefore, intraventricular hemorrhage from the subependymoma was rarely reported in the literature. On the basis of the findings of angiography, serial CT scans and histological examination, it is reasonable to assume that intraventricular bleeding in our case is not attributed to the tumor per se, but to tearing of subependymal or ependymal veins extremely extended by the tumor growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Direct projections to the pretectum and the midbrain reticular formation from auditory relay nuclei in the lower brainstem of the cat.

Direct projections to the pretectum and the midbrain reticular formation from auditory relay nuclei in the lower brainstem were examined by the retrograde and anterograde tracer methods in the cat. After horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection into the pretectomesencephalic reticular region (Pt-MRF), which includes caudoventral regions of the pretectum and rostrodorsal regions of the midbrain reticular formation, labeled neurons were seen in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DLL), the pericentral (PC) and external (EN) nuclei of the inferior colliculus (IC), the rostral process of IC (RP) and the nucleus of the brachium of IC (NB); no labeled neurons were found in the main laminated portion of the central nucleus of IC. Subsequently, tritiated leucine was injected into DLL, EN, RP or NB for autoradiographic fiber tracing. After injection into DLL or EN, terminal labeling was confined to the ventral portions of the anterior pretectal nucleus. After injection into RP or NB, heavy terminal labeling was observed in the midbrain reticular formation, extending dorsally into the anterior pretectal nucleus. Thus, 3 sectors are distinguishable in Pt-MRF in terms of termination of fibers from the midbrain auditory relay nuclei; the dorsomedial, intermediate or ventrolateral Pt-MRF sector receives fibers arising from DLL, RP or NB, respectively. Fibers from EN terminate only in the dorsal portion (pretectal regions) of the intermediate sector.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1983

The posteromedial ventral nucleus of the thalamus (VPM) of the cat: direct ascending projections to the cytoarchitectonic subdivisions.

The posteromedial ventral nucleus (VPM) of the cat is divided cytoarchitectonically into the magnocellular (VPMmc), lateral parvocellular (VPMpcl), and medial parvocellular (VPMpcm) divisions. Cell bodies of neurons in the VPMpcm are small, while those in the VPMpcl are small to medium-sized. The VPMmc contains large neurons. Direct projections from the lower brain stem structures to each of the three divisions of the VPM were examined by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. When HRP injection was done into the VPMmc, labeled neurons were mainly located contralaterally in the ventral division of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (Vp), in the rostral part of the oral subnucleus in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vsp), and in the interpolar subnucleus of the Vsp; a few labeled neurons were also found contralaterally in lamina I of the caudal subnucleus of the Vsp. When HRP injection was restricted to the VPMpcl or VPMpcm, HRP-labeled neurons were mainly observed ipsilaterally, respectively, in the dorsal division of the Vp, or in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) regions dorsomedial and ventromedial to the brachium conjunctivum. After HRP injection into the parvocellular part of the VPM (VPMpc), labeled neurons were also seen contralaterally in the Vsp, but these were far less numerous than those seen after HRP injections into the VPMmc. Thus, each of the three divisions of the VPM receives main ascending afferent fibers from different brain stem structures; the VPMpcm, VPMpcl, or VPMmc receives afferent fibers, respectively, from the PBN ipsilaterally, from the dorsal division of Vp ipsilaterally, or from the ventral division of the Vp and the Vsp contralaterally.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1983

Direct retinal projections to the lateroposterior and pulvinar nuclear complex (LP-Pul) in the cat, as revealed by the anterograde HRP method.

Retinal projections to the lateroposterior and pulvinar nuclear complex (LP-Pul) in the cat were studied using anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing. After injecting HRP into the vitreous cavity of one eye, HRP-labeled presumed axon terminals were found in the LP-Pul bilaterally, with a contralateral predominance. The areas of distribution of these terminals were seen as a thin sheet at the lateral extreme of the LP-Pul, and as a few small spots within the LP-Pul, especially in the regions along the dorsomedial border of the caudal part of the LP-Pul.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Direct projections from the anterior pretectal nucleus to the dorsal accessory olive in the cat: an anterograde and retrograde WGA-HRP study.

Direct projections from the anterior pretectal nucleus (APN) to the dorsal accessory olive (DAO) were found in the cat by the anterograde and retrograde WGA-HRP methods. The dorsal or the ventral portions of the rostral half of the APN pars compacta send fibers respectively to the lateral or the medial portions of the whole rostrocaudal extent of the DAO. These APN-DAO fibers can be considered to play roles in some somatomotor mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Direct projections from the cerebellar nuclei to the superior colliculus in the rabbit: an HRP study.

Cerebellar projections to the superior colliculus in the rabbit were studied by the anterograde and retrograde HRP methods. Cerebellotectal fibers arise mainly from the anterior and posterior interpositus nuclei and terminate contralaterally in layer VII, layer VI, layer V, and the deep tier of layer IV of the superior colliculus. Cerebellotectal fibers from the posterior interpositus nucleus originate from the lateral part of the nucleus and end chiefly in the caudal part of the superior colliculus. Cerebellotectal fibers from the anterior interpositus nucleus arise from the ventral part of the nucleus and terminate mainly in the rostromedial part of the superior colliculus. Some neurons in the lateral cerebellar nucleus also send fibers contralaterally to the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus, especially to its rostral and lateral parts. Few, if any, cerebellotectal fibers arise from the medial cerebellar nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A light and electron microscopic study of premotor neurons for the trigeminal motor nucleus.

Premotor neurons sending their axons to the trigeminal motor nucleus were observed in the cat by light and electron microscopy after labeling the neurons retrogradely or anterogradely with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). After HRP injection into the trigeminal motor nucleus, retrogradely labeled neurons were seen most frequently in the parvocellular reticular formation bilaterally. Many labeled neurons were also seen contralaterally in the intermediate zone at the rostralmost levels of the cervical cord and its rostral extension into the caudalmost levels of the medulla oblongata. Additionally, some neurons were labeled ipsilaterally in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, contralaterally in the main sensory trigeminal nucleus and the trigeminal motor nucleus, and bilaterally in the oral and interpolar subnuclei of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Only a few labeled neurons were seen in the confines of the gigantocellular reticular formation. All labeled neurons were small or of medium size; no large neurons were labeled. After HRP injection into the regions around the trigeminal motor nucleus or the parvocellular reticular formation, axodendritic terminals containing HRP granules were found contralaterally within the trigeminal motor nucleus. Some of these labeled terminals were filled with round synaptic vesicles and others contained pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. The varied morphology of labeled axon terminals was considered to reflect the functional heterogeneity of the premotor neurons for the trigeminal motor nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of organophosphorus compounds, O,O-dimethyl O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate (DDVP) and O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl 4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate (fenitrothion), on brain acetylcholine content and acetylcholinesterase activity in Japanese quail.

Effects of 2 organophosphorus compounds, O,O-dimethyl O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate (DDVP) and O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl 4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate (fenitrothion), on the brain cholinergic system were investigated in Japanese quail. Cholinergic signs, such as salivation and convulsions in legs and wings, were seen 7-15 min after administration with DDVP (3-4 mg/kg) or 6-120 min after administration with fenitrothion (250-350 mg/kg). In the DDVP-treated quail (10 min after dosage of 3 mg/kg), free acetylcholine (ACh), labile-bound ACh, increased significantly and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) decreased to 28% of the value determined in untreated quail. In the fenitrothion-treated group (60 min after dosage of 300 mg/kg), only free ACh increased and AChE activity decreased to 20% of the control value. In vitro, DDVP and fenitrothion inhibited AChE activity in brain homogenate with an I50 of 10(-8) M and 10(-5) M, respectively. It appeared that both organophosphorus compounds might have essentially the same effect on the brain cholinergic system. There were only small differences in the effect on various fractions of ACh between the 2 compounds, although there was a hundred-fold range in dose.

Acetylcholine↗