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Biomedical subjects

M Kubín

Publications and source records attributed to M Kubín.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to Mycobacterium kansasii.

The characterization of an IgG2/Kappa monoclonal antibody against a protein antigen obtained by gel chromatography of the complex sonicate of M. kansasii biomass is described. It recognized specifically epitope molecules in complex and fractionated M. kansasii antigens ranging from 14.4 to 20 kD. The 20 kD immunoreactive band is common to the complex antigen, its fraction A and to the fraction B which was employed as the immunogenic agent. The 14.4 and 18 kD bands are predominantly present in the fraction B. High dilution of this MoAb (1:200,000) employed successfully in immunoblot studies suggests an antibody of very high affinity which could be useful for affinity purification of mycobacterial antigens in serodiagnosis of mycobacterial infections and in demonstration of antigens in biological materials.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Mycobacterial species responsible for tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis cases in the Czech Socialist Republic, 1981-1985.

This study is based on the analysis of nation-wide notification data on the bacteriologically proved mycobacterial infections registered in the national Information System on Bacillary Tuberculosis. Over the 5-year period under study, as many as 2,226 M. tuberculosis isolations were on average reported annually in the country (i.e. 21.6 per 100,000 population), and of these 62.5% were isolations in males, 63.5% were repeated isolations and 87% were isolations from sputum specimens; identification of human of M. bovis infection was reported in 13 patients annually only, mostly in those of higher age categories. The annual average of notified M. kansasii isolations was 138 (1.3 per 100,000 population), repeated isolations of the agent were reported in 66.6% of patients, mostly males 45-54 years old, and 81% of all reports came from an endemic area in the North-Moravian Region; notification of positive M. avium-intracellulare isolations occurred in 24 persons annually, in 48% of these repeatedly, M. xenopi isolation was reported in 87 and M. fortuitum/chelonei in 12 cases annually.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A monoclonal antibody to Mycobacterium kansasii: preparation and properties.

An IgG2/kappa monoclonal antibody specific for a subunit protein antigen (mol.w. 32 KD) obtained by means of gel chromatography of the cell-free sonicate of M. kansasii was generated by the fusion of spleenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with this antigen and Ag-8 myeloma cells. Its specificity was demonstrated by ELISA and dot blot procedures. This MoAb has potential application in taxonomy and species identification of M. kansasii isolates, in studies relating to the molecular pattern of the bound antigen and in serodiagnostics of the mycobacterial disease due to M. kansasii.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Skin reactivity to mycobacterial antigens in children living in an area of Mycobacterium xenopi endemicity.

Intradermal skin tests with a 2TU dose of PPD-RT 23 prepared from M. tuberculosis and 0.1 ug/0.1 ml of PPD-RS 631 from M. xenopi were simultaneously carried out in 378 7-year-old children from two localities in North-Bohemian region's capital Ustí n. Lab., a focus of M. xenopi endemicity repeatedly confirmed since its disclosure in 1980 by positive M. xenopi isolations from humans and public water supply network. A further group 157 children serving as controls was from Prague district 4 where no presence of M. xenopi strains was ever recorded. All of these children had received routine immunization at birth with Czech BCG vaccine. The children from the two endemic localities were found to give a positive 6 mm or greater reaction to M. xenopi mycobacterin in 43.3% and 22.3%, to human tuberculin in 12.8% and 12.6%, respectively. The frequency histogram clearly separated a group of reactors with 8-18 mm indurations from a group of nonreactors showing a skin induration of 4-8 mm. The higher reactivity of this exposed child population was also reflected in a larger proportion of reactions greater to M. xenopi PPD than to human tuberculin antigen: the reactions greater by 1-5 mm accounted, respectively, for 25.1% and 20.6%, reactions greater by 6 mm or more for 23.7% and 15.9%. Among a group of children from Prague district 4, 6.4% had medium-sized and 3.8% large-sized reactions to M. xenopi antigen; the proportion of reactions greater to M. xenopi antigen than to human tuberculin accounted for only 5.1%, reactions greater to tuberculin than to sensitin were here in slight predominance. The evidenced skin sensitization to M. xenopi mycobacterin is suggested to result from the different degrees of exposure to infection by environmental mycobacteria.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

The patterns of complex and partially purified mycobacterial antigens in macrophage migration inhibition testing.

In rabbits immunized intratarsally by M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii and M. avium the responses to homologous and heterologous antigens were assessed by direct and indirect macrophage migration inhibition tests. Complex cytoplasmic antigens were obtained by disruption of bacterial mass and by ultracentrifugation of the supernatants. The partially purified antigens were prepared by gel chromatography of the complex antigens on a Sephadex G 150 column. The middle fraction (260/280 ratio approx. 1, molecular weight approx. 32 KD) was employed as partially purified antigen. In the direct tests the migration activity of immune spleen macrophages was significantly reduced by homologous complex and partially purified antigens (MI = 0.63 to 0.72) and it differed significantly from responses obtained with heterologous antigens (MI = 0.75 to 0.92); however, these were still lower than those in nonimmunized control animals where MI ranged from 0.89 to 1.01. In the indirect tests, the strongest responses were recorded again with homologous complex and partially purified antigens (MI = 0.43 to 0.53). The responses in heterologous systems differed even more markedly than in direct tests (MI = 0.65 to 0.81); and, these were again still significantly lower than in control animals (MI = 0.89 to 0.98). In both direct and indirect tests, the complex and partially purified antigens did not vary substantially in their immunogenic capacity. The presence of cross-reacting responses in heterologous systems can be explained by a close relatedness of mycobacteria used in the immunization schedule and by the presence of common epitopes in complex and purified testing antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The use of bacillary tuberculosis information system central files for special-purpose data search.

The automated information system for surveillance of bacillary tuberculosis (ISBT) was put into operation in 1981, with the objective to record, store and process all mycobacterial positivity data reported by the network of specialized mycobacteriological laboratories in the Czech socialist republic. Here are described the newly developed data processing programs which allow it to carry out some special-purpose searches for the stored epidemiological data important for surveillance of tuberculosis. Further improvement of the national system of tuberculosis surveillance is believed to lie in the future compatibility of the two computerized systems operating at present in Czechoslovakia, i.e. ISBT and the Register of Tuberculosis.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1984

Experimental infection with Mycobacterium kansasii in athymic nude mice.

Subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium kansasii did not cause mortality in athymic nu/nu and control nu/+ mice. It had a stimulatory activity comparable to obligatory mycobacterial pathogens: thymus-dependent lymphatic tissues areas were populated during the infection by lymphocytes also in nu/nu mice in which a low degree of migration inhibition factor production could be seen. In both models of chief site of mycobacterial trapping and phagocytosis was the hyperplastic interdigitating cell mesh in the thymus-dependent areas of lymph nodes. A detailed morphological description of the organ changes is given.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Tuberculosis following mycobacteriosis. Apropos of 2 cases].

Case reports on two men are presented, one suffering from a super-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the other from Mycobacterium avium after recurrent mycobacterial infections. Both patients have died; one 15 years after first suffering from a M. kansasii infection (decompensated cor pulmonale) and the other 13 years after a M. avium infection (superinfection due to M. bovis). Both patients had chemotherapy followed by a pulmonary excision. The authors suggest protecting patients suffering from mycobacterial infections in order to avoid contamination by obligatory pathogenic mycobacteria, particularly during the period following cure. Indeed during this period the chemo-prophylactic action of the anti-tuberculous drugs given cannot play a part.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Comparative testing of skin reactions to PPD mycobacterins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum in school-age children.

Comparative skin tests with 2 TU PPD-RT 23 with Tween 80 (prepared from M. tuberculosis) and 5 TU PPD-RS 95 with Tween 80 (prepared from M. scrofulaceum) were intradermally given to a total of 1,140 7-year-old children in two towns of Karviná district (340 and 255 children) and in Teplice (267 children) and Prague (278 children). In the two groups of Karviná district children the percentages of small-sized reactions (6-9 mm) to PPD-RT 23 were 13.6 and 22.3% compared to 7.1% in Teplice and 5.7% in Prague. The prevalence of small reactions to the PPD-RS 95 test in district of Karviná was 14.4 and 16.9%, in Teplice 4.5% and in Prague 6.8%. In the two towns of Karviná district the percentages of children whose reaction to PPD-RS 95 was larger than to PPD-RT 23 were 56.4 and 42.8%, in Teplice 24% and in Prague 24%. The hypothesis is advanced that the higher degree of skin hypersensitivity to the M. scrofulaceum mycobacterin which was found among the Karviná district children tested is due to sensitization with environmental mycobacteria which are common in this area.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Ionizing radiation in the disinfection of water contaminated with potentially pathogenic mycobacteria.

Sterile drinking water samples were artificially colonized with M. Kansasii, M. gordonae and M. fortuitum suspensions (the numbers of viable unite in 1 ml were 1.2 x 10(3), 48.5 and 3.2 x 10(3), respectively) prepared from mycobacterial strains replicated in Tween 80-free liquid Dubos medium STO. The contaminated water samples were irradiated from a rotary cobalt-60 source (gamma radiation, E = 1.17 and 1.33 MeV, dose intensity 1 kJ/kg.h at room temperature) with doses 0.7, 1.5, 2.2, 3, 9, 16 and 27 kJ/kg. The disinfecting effectiveness was assessed by direct cultivation tests (0.5 ml volumes of water inoculated on egg medium) and by cultivation on membrane filters after filtrating the whole amount of the water examined (about 500 ml). Fully positive disinfecting effects were recorded in M. kansasii and M fortuitum irradiated with 9 kJ/kg and in M. gordonae after irradiation with 1.5 kJ/kg. The calculated value of D10 = 0.4 kJ/kg (i.e. the dose radiation that reduces the number if viable mycobacteria by an order of magnitude) is suggestive of a strong disinfecting effect of ionizing radiation on the tested strains of potentially pathogenic mycobacteria. The results indicate that the use of ionizing radiation to disinfect mycobacteria that are difficult to remove with other methods which, as a rule, cannot ensure the permanent disinfection.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1982

Early response of lymphatic system to experimental infection with Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum.

Weight, cellularity and metabolic activity (nucleolar test) of draining and contralateral popliteal lymph nodes were studied in groups of guinea pigs infected intratarsally in right hind limb with Mycobacterium kansasii (2.4 x 10(6) viable units) and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (3.4 x 10(6) viable units) species and examined 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Time-related differences and inter-group differences in cellularity and per cent of active lymphocytes were statistically analyzed by paired t-test. Experimental animals infected with the two mycobacterial species showed at all time intervals a significant increase in weight, cellularity and per cent of active lymphocytes in draining lymph nodes as compared to contralateral nodes and to control values. Infection with M. kansasii produced a more significant increase in all the parameters studied than inoculation with M. scrofulaceum. These differences are in agreement with the different pathogenic activity of these two species of the potentially pathogenic mycobacteria. Early activation of lymphatic tissues occurring within the first 24 hours after inoculation results from the action of some cellular immunity mediators is released already at the early phases of lymphocyte-antigen interaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

In vitro cellular immune response to homologous and heterologous antigens in rabbits sensitized by five species of Mycobacterium and Nocardia asteroides.

Rabbits were sensitized with killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. avium, M. scrofulaceum, M. fortuitum, and Nocardia asteroides, and their response to homologous and heterologous antigens was assessed in vitro by direct and indirect macrophage migration inhibition tests. The antigens were obtained by disintegration of bacterial mass and by purification of the supernatants by ultracentrifugation. In the direct test, hypersensitivity to homologous antigen was most marked with M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, and M. avium (migration indices [MI] = 0.42 to 0.50), but was significantly weaker with organisms possessing a lower degree of pathogenic activity (MI for M. fortuitum and N. asteroides = 0.70 and 0.72, respectively). Reactivity to heterologous antigens was also highest in animals sensitized with strongly pathogenic species, approximating normal values in rabbits sensitized with weak pathogens. In the indirect test, the strongest responses were obtained again to homologous antigens (MI = 0.42 to 0.67), and they differed more markedly from reactions to heterologous antigens than in the direct test. The weakest activity of heterologous antigens was again found with M. fortuitum and N. asteroides, where MIs were 0.82 to 0.93.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Localized chemotherapy of Gardner's lymphosarcoma of C3H mice using combinations of carrier-sorbed antifolics and detoxicating tetrahydrofolates.

The effect of aminohexyl-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate polymer (HEMA-Hex) with sorbed methotrexate (MTX) or 3',5'-dibromoaminopterin (BrAP) on the survival of C3H mice with Gardner lymphosarcoma was studied. The measured bits of HEMA-Hex-MTX or HEMA-Hex-BrAP were implanted into the solid tumor growing 4 to 8 8 days. The doses of sorbed antimetabolites amounting in MTX 4.3 to 13.5 mg.kg-1 and in BrAP 5.1 and 12.6 mg.kg-1 were calculated from the area of the carrier and mean weight of animals. Following implantation i. p. injections of leucovorin or anhydroleucovorin were applied. The treatment of early tumors showed better results than that of advanced ones if evaluated either as prolonged survival or as a number of mice surviving the observation period. The 18-hr. interval between implantation of HEMA-Hex-MTX and anhydroleucovorin injection was optimum if considered both the protection of mice from lethal MTX toxicity and therapeutic effect measured as prolonged survival. Doses of leucovorin or anhydroleucovorin close to MTX doses in term mg.kg-1 resulted in best results. In case leucovorin was applied to tumor-bearing mice pretreated with HEMA-Hex with nonlethal dose of MTX, the survival of mice was shortened. Folic acid did not show this effect. Intra-tumorous implantation of HEMA-Hex-BrAP toxicity even if applied into an advanced tumor. The therapeutic effect of the sorbed BrAP seemed to decrease with tumor progression at a lower rate than of that the sorbed MTX. The application of anhydroleucovorin after implantation of HEMA-Hex-BrAP shortened the survival of tumor-bearing mice.

Aminopterin↗
PubMed1981

Agreement and disagreement between laboratories in species identification of mycobacteria.

Twenty coded strains of the following species: Mycobacterium avium, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. chelonei, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. nonchromogenicum, M. scrofulaceum, M. terrae, M. triviale and M. xenopi, were subjected to identification in a co-operative study undertaken by seven laboratories of four countries (CSSR, GDR, PRP and USSR). Three of these laboratories recognized 18-19 (90-95%) of the strains, three others 15-17 (75-85%) and one laboratory recognized 8 (40%) strains. In the correctly identified species, agreement between the tests used by all participants was evaluated. The highest rates of agreement in positive or negative results (04-100%) were obtained for nitrate reduction, detection of arylsulphatase, urease and nicotinamidase in M. kansasii, M. avium-intracellulare and M. fortuitum.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1981

Comparative studies on detergents - chlorhexidinum gluconicum, ditalan wo hc, sodium-laurylsulphate, laurosept, nekal bx - used for homogenization of diagnostic specimens in the microbiological diagnostic of tuberculosis.

Between 1974 and 1978 there were carried out comparative studies concerning the value of several detergents used to homogenization of diagnostic specimens in six countries (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Poland, The Soviet Union and Yugoslavia). In the first study it was confirmed that the homogenization of diagnostic materials by detergents gives good results and is more economical than conventional Petroff's method. In the majority of centers the highest detection of tubercle bacilli was found after homogenization by Sodium-Laurylsulphated-technique. Remarkable differences in the time of growth of tubercle bacilli after homogenization of the same samples by Laurylsulphate, Laurosept and Petroff's lye method were not observed. While, after homogenization by Nekal BX the time of growth was a little bit retarded. In the lowest percentage of contamination was observed after homogenization by Nekal BX. In the second study the value of Polish detergents (Chlorhexidinum gluconicum and Laurosept) was compared with Ditalan OW hc made in GDR and with other routinely in the participating laboratories used techniques. The best results were obtained after homogenization of specimens by Chlorhexidinum gluconicum. But the comparison to Laurosept and Ditalan WO hc showed no significant differences. Homogenization of sputa was better and number of contaminations lower after using laurosept or Ditalan WO hc than by means of Chlorhexidinum gluconicum.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1981

Endemic occurrence of Mycobacterium kansasii in water-supply systems.

Of a total number of 1079 drinking water and colliery service water samples examined in an area of the North-Moravian Region Czechoslovakia, characterized by endemic occurrence of M. kansasii infections, 233 [21.6%] samples were found to be contaminated by mycobacteria, of these 20 [1.9%] by M. kansasii. Of additionally examined 510 water samples from the municipal water-supply network, which were collected in hospital laboratories and clinical departments as well as in the households of patients with M. kansasii infection and their possible contacts, 171 [33.5%] samples showed presence of mycobacteria, of these 18 [3.5%] were M. kansasii-positive. This mycobacterial species was isolated from the drinking water samples collected in two hospitals in the core of the endemic area, e.i. in the district of Karviná. In the district of Ostrava, where the drinking water supply, bot for colliery and households facilities, is provided from the same water-supply system, the presence of M. kansasii in the municipal water-supply network was not proved, but it was isolated from 5 samples of colliery drinking water. Further 114 samples taken from the local water treatment plant supplying the endemic area with drinking water were found to be free of M. kansasii species.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1981

[A computerized information system of bacillary tuberculosis in the Czech Socialist Republic (author's transl)].

The automated information system for bacillary tuberculosis is based on the registration of all positive mycobacterial examinations in the 43 tuberculosis laboratories in CSR. Data on the patient, the health service reporting, the kind of the material examined, and the actual microbiological examination including the identification of species and sensibility to antituberculotics are surrendered to the computer by means of a punched card or tape. On the base of the entrance information all sources are collected in the computer the data input being checked in regard to accuracy of the parts and logical relationship to the various variables. All sources of information of the data bank, made actual concerning the mycobacterial examinations are available to the programme. Another programme is supplementing the information on tests for identification and antituberculotic sensibility of the mycobacteria. With the aid of other programmes regular monthly summaries are done by the data bank for the cooperating laboratories and the specialists in the districts and countries. Finally another programme answers the evaluation of the annual reports of the mycobacterial investigations and reports on the epidemiological data of the diseased persons. In 1977 13,909 notifications of tuberculosis findings were analysed, coming from 3,782 persons. This analysis made evident the following conclusions reflecting the recent situation of mycobacteriologic diagnostics and the significance of the tuberculosis problem in communities with a low tuberculosis prevalence: a) The prevalence of bacillary tuberculosis in CSR (37/100,000) is ranging in the various districts between 27 and 44/100,000. The prevalence of persons with proof of mycobacteria already by smear amounts to 10/100,000 inhabitants. b) The highest portion of bacillary tuberculosis comes from persons with symptoms (45%), it amounts to 17% in persons with active tuberculosis already in dispensary care, to 15% in persons with fibrotic lesions and 14% in recidives. After a five year experience with the computerized information system of bacillary tuberculosis the authors recommended to centralize and to combine it with the central state tuberculosis register in order to utilize the data and evaluated in the level of the districts and countries as well for the management of the tuberculosis control programme in the level of the whole state.

Czechoslovakia↗