Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Krzyzanowski

Publications and source records attributed to M Krzyzanowski.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Longitudinal monitoring of changes in individual smoking habit over 13-year period among adults.

The purpose of the longitudinal monitoring of smoking habits among adults was to define demographic and social characteristics which may contribute to the persistence of smoking and to evaluate the effectiveness of the preventive programs undertaken by the mass media. The data has been collected during the follow-up epidemiological study on chronic nonspecific chest diseases in Cracow, Poland. In total the material covered a sample of 2965 persons who were interviewed three times over 1968-81 period. In the analysis the prevalence rates, incidence and cessation rates have been taken into consideration. The results obtained in the study confirm the decline in the prevalence of smoking habit among men but among females increased substantially in the younger birth cohorts. Incidence rate of smoking in females was higher than in men but cessation rates were very similar. The striking was the fact that the prevalence of smokers in the youngest age group in university graduates was about three times higher in women than in men. The results call for more knowledge about the psychosocial factors that may contribute to the initiation of smoking and more effective strategies applied to deter the onset of smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Confronting the effects of smoking and air quality on the development of chronic respiratory diseases.

The main purpose of the paper was to compare the effects of outdoor and indoor air quality on the development of chronic respiratory diseases measured in the prospective study of chronic chest diseases among the inhabitants of Cracow, Poland. The 5-year follow-up study covered a probability sample of 4355 adult inhabitants. Data on respiratory symptoms and lung function in addition to variables related to environmental and socioeconomic factors were included. To assess the separate and joint effects of the chosen environmental factors on chronic chest problems, the multiple logistic regression analysis has been carried out. As expected, smoking habit was the strongest single of the factors related to the persistence of the respiratory symptoms. The effect of smoking was more marked in men than in women and this can be attributed to longer duration of smoking and more cigarettes smoked daily by men. Out of all considered adverse occupational factors only chemicals increased the risk of chronic bronchitis in men while dust increased the risk of exacerbations in women. The data showed a significant decrease in risk of exacerbations among the women who used a gas stove for cooking. The study also confirmed the harmful effect of smoking on lung function. Against this particular background the importance of variable temperature combined with ambient air pollution appeared to have rather strong detrimental biologic impact.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hospital use by the elderly in Poland and the United States.

Hospital use by elderly patients in Poland and the United States was compared using data from the 1980 General Hospital Morbidity Study (Poland) and the National Hospital Discharge Survey (US). Discharge and days-of-care rates were higher in the US but average lengths of stay were longer in Poland. All three measures increased with advancing age in the US but remained relatively constant or decreased with age in Poland. Although the most frequent causes of hospitalization were similar in the two countries, the characteristic use patterns across age were evident for most frequently occurring disease conditions. The greater use of hospitals in the US is not associated with marked differences between the two countries in health status of the elderly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Importance of urban air pollution in chronic respiratory problems.

The prevalence of nonspecific respiratory diseases was confirmed by two physical examinations taken five years apart. Data were analysed in relation to the area of residence within the city. Particular emphasis was placed on higher or lower levels of atmospheric air pollution. Using multivariate methods of analysis it was shown that air pollution increased the risk of: persistent cough or phlegm, chronic bronchitis and reduced ventilatory capacity in the group of man exposed to occupational hazards. Additionally, it was noted that amongst men reporting persistent cough or phlegm, the prevalence of exacerbation of these symptoms was much greater in residents of more highly polluted parts of the city. In women, the prevalence of exacerbation of symptoms was associated with particular indoor environments.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ten-year mortality in a sample of an adult population in relation to air pollution.

The 10-year mortality in a sample of adult inhabitants of Cracow, Poland, was analysed according to the levels of air pollution in the area of residence. Smoking habit and several social and occupational factors were considered in the analysis, which was carried out with the use of a multivariate method for categorical variables. Among men the main effect of air pollution was marginally significant, but there was a significant interaction between air pollution and smoking. Among women no such relation could be detected. Also, the association between female mortality and smoking was not significant. From other factors considered in the analysis, only exposure at work to dust, high humidity, and variable temperature was related to mortality in both men and women. In addition among women higher mortality was related to a lower level of education.

Adult↗