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Biomedical subjects

M Kramer

Publications and source records attributed to M Kramer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Intraerythrocytic adaptation (2,3 DPG,P50) in thalassemia minor.

P50 and 2,3 DPG content of erythrocytes were determined in 25 patients with heterozygous beta thalassemia minor to assess the adaptive mechanisms to anemia. 2,3 DPG levels were appropriately elevated for the degree of anemia. However, P50 values were not proportionately increased. No correlations were noted between hemoglobin level, 2,3 DPG, or P50 and the presence of symptomatic complaints of fatigue or weakness in these heterozygous patients.

Diphosphoglyceric Acids↗
PubMed1976

Issues in the development of statistical and epidemiological data for mental health services research.

The planning of health services consists of a process that generally involves the following steps: (a) situational analysis, or the description, definition and statement of the problem, its characteristics and dimensions in relation to population and time; (b) the formulation of alternative tactical approaches to the handling and solution of the problem; (c) decision analysis or the selection of a plan; (d) discussion and implementation of the plan selected; (e) evaluation of the results achieved in relation to the problem, situations or populations concerned. This paper discusses the content of a programme of mental health services research for collecting and analysing the information needed to apply these processes to the planning of mental health services, monitoring the manner in which the plan is being implemented, and assessing its effectiveness in achieving short-term and intermediate objectives and long-term goals. Statistical and epidemiological information play an important role in these processes, particularly in the situational analysis and the evaluation processes. Illustrations have been provided of types of data that are produced in the national mental health statistics programme in the United States. Difficulties in using such data to answer questions concerning the needs for mental health services, and manpower requirements for delivering services to meet these needs are discussed. In many instances, currently available data are quite inadequate for answering key issues such as these, plus others related to living arrangements of the population, the effect of services on the persons who receive them, their families and the communities in which they live. Thus, much still remains to be done to develop systematic, comparative morbidity statistics on the incidence, duration and prevalence of mental disorders in the general population, on the needs for mental health services, and on the effectiveness of our efforts to prevent disorders that can be prevented, and to reduce the amount of disability and distress caused by those that cannot be prevented or terminated. A series of problems have been identified, the solutions to which would assist materially in providing data that would narrow gaps between available knowledge and that which is needed. The importance of establishing well-staffed research units at the catchment area level with stable funding to accomplish this is underscored. It is a matter of the greatest urgency that adequate resources--financial, manpower, scientific and administrative--be made available to solve these problems. If this is not done, then effordts to document quantitatively the effectiveness of programmes to prevent and control mental disorders will continue to suffer from many of the same shortcomings that have impeded our past and continue to impede current efforts to accomplish this.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Do dreams have meaning? An empirical inquiry.

Three judges attempted to sort randomly selected dreams of normal college students and schizophrenic patients according to dreamer, night of occurrence, and sequential order within a night. Sorting was successful at statistically significant levels (which differed for the two groups) for all but the third task. The authors conclude that dreams are, as depth psychologists have assumed, orderly nonrandom events and that they reflect day-to-day changes in the life of an individual. They note that further work is needed to determine whether there is order among dreams of a given night.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Intermediate use of triazolam: a sleep laboratory study.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the intermediate effects of triazolam 0-5 mg on the sleep of insomniac patients. The results showed that triazolam is effective in inducing and maintaining sleep without producing any major effects on sleep staging. Triazolam did not lead to significant subjective complaints or any deterioration in the physical condition of the patients. The effectiveness of traizolam did not vary over a two-week period.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental studies in animals on the question of liver damage following halothane anaesthesia and hypoxia (author's transl)].

The influence of single or multiple halothane anaesthetics on the liver enzyme pattern was investigated utilizing 270 female rats. The additional stress of hypoxia (12 percent inspired oxygen) did not result in quantitative or qualitative differences as compared to the normoxic groupmmultiple halothane anaesthetics caused reversible enzyme changes in the serum as well as in the liver homogenate.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1975

Dreams and dementia: a laboratory exploration of dream recall and dream content in chronic brain syndrome patients.

Seventeen (seven mild and ten severe) chronic brain syndrome patients were testes in the sleep laboratory for dream recall and content. The mildly organic patients had 57 per cent recall while the severely organic patients had 35 per cent recall. We also studied four aged severely organic patients. These patients showed a recall rate of 8 per cent. The difference between the recall rates in mildly and severely organic middle-aged patients was not statistically significant. The difference between the recall rates of the aged severely organic patients and either or both of the middle-aged groups was statistically significant (p smaller than .001). In addition, we found dream content differences between the mildly and severely organic middle-aged groups and between the combined group and normal young men.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Some perspectives on the role of biostatistics and epidemiology in the prevention and control of mental disorders.

The paper reviews progress made in the past 30 years in the development of statistical and epidemiological methods in the mental health field. Applications have included determinations of need for psychiatric care and supporting personnel; interpretation of morbidity indices, and cross-national comparisons of diagnoses of mental disorders. Much remains to be done. Progress would include better measurement of incidence, duration, and prevalence of mental disorders; more precise estimates of service needs; more effective programs to prevent or reduce disability. Particularly needed are field-research units under long-term funding with the task of assessing effectiveness of mental health programs at the catchment-area level.

Classification↗