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Biomedical subjects

M Korobkin

Publications and source records attributed to M Korobkin.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Evaluation of the grafted ascending aorta with computed tomography. Complications caused by suture dehiscence.

Patients who have undergone surgery on the thoracic aorta and placement of a synthetic tubular graft need close, long-term radiological follow-up, as they are at risk of not only complications and progression of the underlying disease (atherosclerosis, dissection, or cystic medial necrosis) but also complications of the procedure, notably suture dehiscence leading to formation of an aneurysm around the graft. In a series of 14 asymptomatic postoperative patients studied by computed tomography (CT), the authors detected leakage of contrast material around the graft in 6 patients, 2 of whom required re-operation to correct suture dehiscence. CT is a noninvasive and sensitive method of postoperative evaluation of patients who have undergone an aortic graft.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Thymoma detection by mediastinal CT: patient with myasthenia gravis.

The precise role of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating the mediastinum for thymomas in patients with myasthenia gravis is not defined. The only published CT accuracy assessment reports a false-positive rate of 90%. Mediastinal CT was performed in 23 consecutive unselected patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy independent of their neurologic status or diagnostic imaging results. Four patients had discrete thymomas; all were detected by CT. Conventional chest radiography and tomography were positive in three and falsely negative in one. In the remaining 19 patients with a normal or atrophic thymus or microscopic hyperplasia, CT was falsely positive in two; conventional chest radiography and tomography were falsely positive in three. Mediastinal CT is an accurate technique for evaluation of thymoma in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Volume determinations using computed tomography.

Computed tomography potentially offers the most accurate noninvasive means of estimating in vivo volumes. Contiguous 1-cm-thick CT scans were obtained through phantoms, dog kidneys in vivo, and human spleens before splenectomy. Cross-sectional areas were calculated for each individual scan and volumes then determined with each of four mathematical integration techniques. Volume estimations were compared to volumes determined by water displacement. The simplest, most practical means of calculating volumes, using the summation-of-areas technique with scans obtained at 2 cm intervals, was similar in accuracy to more complex methods. The mean percentage error of volume calculations using the sum-of-areas technique was 4.95% for five immobile phantoms, 3.86% for eight dog kidneys, 3.59% for eight human spleens in vivo at 1 cm scan spacing, and 3.65% for the same human spleens at 2 cm scan spacings. Difficulties in visual recognition and manual tracking of object boundaries seem to be more significant sources of error than patient-related factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Parapelvic cysts: appearance on CT and sonography.

The computed tomographic (CT) and sonographic appearance of 16 patients with parapelvic cysts were retrospectively reviewed. CT revealed a water-density renal hilar mass that did not fill with contrast material after intravenous injection. Sonography demonstrated a cystic renal hilar mass with echogenic walls that did not communicate with the collecting system. The differential diagnosis of renal hilar masses as seen by CT and sonography is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomographic detection of retrocrural air.

The normal prevertebral space at the level of the diaphragmatic crura contains the aorta, azygos and hemiazygos veins, lymphatics, and nerves. Three patients had gas demonstrated in the retrocrural space by computed tomography (CT). In each patient this gas was shown to represent parts of normal lung insinuated in the retrocrural space. A subsequent prospective evaluation of 100 consecutive CT examinations showed the presence of retrocrural air in 3% of patients. Retrocrural air should not be confused with free retroperitoneal air or gas caused by retroperitoneal abscesses.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Narrow gauge needle aspiration of solid adrenal masses.

Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of solid adrenal masses was performed without complication in 14 patients. CT guidance of 20-22 gauge needles was used in all but one of the biopsies. Diagnostic cytologic material was recovered in 13 (93%) of the 14 cases. The diagnoses were primary and metastatic neoplasms (10 cases), benign adenomas (two cases), and a mycotic abscess. Twelve additional aspirations were performed of surgically resected or autopsy specimens in six normal adrenals, one adenoma, three adrenal cortical carcinomas, a pheochromocytoma, and a sarcoma arising in the adrenal stoma. Percutaneous aspiration of solid adrenal masses is recommended as a safe, reliable alternative to open surgical biopsy for both benign and malignant adrenal disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

CT appearance of focal fatty infiltration of the liver.

Focal fatty infiltration of the liver is an entity that may be confused with liver metastasis on computed tomography (CT). The imaging results and medical records of 16 patients with CT appearance suggestive of focal fatty liver were reviewed, three of whom had the simultaneous presence of metastatic liver disease. Focal fatty liver often has a distinctive appearance with CT, usually with a nonspherical shape, absence of mass effect, and a density close to water. Liver metastases are usually round or oval, and unless cystic or necrotic, they have CT attenuation values closer to normal liver parenchyma than water. A radionuclide liver scan almost always resolves any confusion about the differential diagnosis of focal fatty liver: a well defined focus of photon deficiency is due to neoplasm rather than focal fatty infiltration. Sonography sometimes helps to confirm the CT impression, but may be misleading if the diagnosis of focal or diffuse fatty infiltration is not suspected before the examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Preoperative CT evaluation of adrenal glands in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Preoperative chest computed tomographic (CT) scans in 84 patients with biopsy-proved non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were reviewed. At least one adrenal gland was visualized in 70 of these. Evidence of a solid adrenal mass was present in 18 (14.5%) glands in 15 (21.4%) patients. Percutaneous needle aspiration under CT guidance confirmed metastatic malignancy in the four patients who were biopsied. Because the documented presence of adrenal metastases in non-small cell lung cancer makes surgical resection or local irradiation inappropriate, it is recommended that both adrenal glands in their entirety be specifically included whenever a staging chest CT examination is performed in patients with such tumors. Percutaneous needle biopsy for pathologic confirmation of the nature of solid adrenal masses discovered in this process is also useful.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of primary liver tumors in children.

Computed tomography (CT) was performed in three children with hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, or hemangioendotheliomatosis. In each case the tumor was identified as a mass with a lower attenuation value than surrounding normal liver tissue. However, the hemangioendothelioma became almost undetectable after intravenous injection of contrast agent. Identification of the intersegmental fissure of the left lobe allowed correct prediction of the segmental location of the solitary lesion (hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma) in the two patients who underwent subsequent partial hepatic resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

CT detection of intraosseous gas: a new sign of osteomyelitis.

In three patients the diagnosis of osteomyelitis was made when computed tomography (CT) demonstrated gas within the medullary cavity of the involved bone. The diagnosis was clinically unsuspected in two of the patients before the CT examination, and none showed bone abnormalities on plain radiographs. Two patients had evidence of infection of the deep soft tissues adjacent to bone, and the third developed the lesion in an allograft. In all three patients CT detection of intraosseous gas resulted in significant alteration of patient management.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Use of computed tomography in diagnosing the cause of primary aldosteronism.

We performed computed tomography (CT) in 22 consecutive patients with primary aldosteronism to evaluate the usefulness of this technique in diagnosing and locating aldosterone-producing adenomas. Sixteen patients had severe hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, and elevated plasma levels of 18-hydroxycorticosterone suggestive of an adenoma. In 12 of these 16, a unilateral adrenal mass was demonstrated clearly, and in all 11 who had surgery in adenoma was confirmed. In the other four patients in this group, one adrenal gland was normal and the other was either not seen adequately or had minor abnormalities that could not be definitely classified; an adenoma was found in the poorly visualized gland in each of the two patients who had surgery. The remaining six patients, who had milder biochemical abnormalities suggestive of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, had bilateral adrenal enlargement or normal-appearing glands on scan and were not surgically explored. We conclude that CT scans, together with appropriate biochemical measurements, are useful in diagnosing and locating aldosterone-producing adenomas.

18-Hydroxycorticosterone↗