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Biomedical subjects

M Korobkin

Publications and source records attributed to M Korobkin.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Computed tomography of pleural disease.

The computed tomography (CT) scans of 65 cases with histologic and clinical evidence of pleural disease were reviewed. The studies were analyzed according to the following CT features of the lesions: attenuation coefficient, contour, angle of interface with the adjacent pleura, and relationship to the adjacent lung, bone, and extrapleural tissues. The CT feature most helpful in detecting pleural involvement was the angle formed by the interface of the lesion with the adjacent pleura. An obtuse or tapering angle was seen in lesions involving the pleura. The other CT features are useful in identifying the site of origin and the specific nature of a lesion.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography of the abnormal pericardium.

Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 18 patients with documented pericardial disease are reported. The pericardium appears as a thin, curvilinear, 1- to 2-mm-thick density best seen anterior to the right ventricular part of the heart. Pericardial abnormalities detected by CT include effusions, thickening, calcification, and cystic and solid masses. Computed tomography is complimentary to echocardiography in its ability to more accurately characterize pericardial effusions, masses, and pericardial thickening.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Solitary pulmonary metastases in high-risk melanoma patients: a prospective comparison of conventional and computed tomography.

A prospective comparison of chest radiography, conventional tomography, and computed tomography (CT) in the detection or confirmation of solitary pulmonary nodules was made in 42 patients with high propensity for pulmonary metastases due to advanced local (Clark level IV or V) or regional malignant melanoma. Unequivocal nodules were revealed by chest radiography in 11 patients, conventional tomography in 16, and computed tomography in 20 patients. Both plain films and tomography in three of these 20 were normal, but follow-up verified pulmonary metastases. Computed tomography detected more pulmonary nodules than conventional tomography in 11 patients in addition to identifying lesions in extrapulmonary sites. Therefore, chest CT is recommended before institution of immunotherapy or surgical removal of a solitary pulmonary melanoma metastasis. Once chemotherapy had been instituted for bulky regional or cutaneous involvement, however, the findings of either conventional or computed tomography were comparable in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Age-related changes in the thymus gland: CT-pathologic correlation.

Recent reports suggest that computed tomography (CT) is useful for thymoma detection in patients with myasthenia gravis. However, that usefulness may be conditioned by the state of the normal thymus. To examine this concept, the CT findings in 64 consecutive patients with histologic confirmation of thymic status after thymectomy or thymic biopsy during mediastinal exploration were reviewed. The normal thymus has a bilobed, arrowhead-shaped cross section at all ages, with gradual focal or diffuse fatty infiltration of the parenchyma usually occurring between 20 and 40 years of age. A thymoma is usually a spherical or oval mass, often producing a focal, distinct bulge in the adjacent pleural reflection. The differentiation of thymoma from normal thymus should be possible in most patients if age-related changes in the normal gland are appreciated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography for staging esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer: reevaluation.

A reevaluation of computed tomography (CT) for staging carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction was performed in 76 patients. For comparison 26 patients without carcinoma of the esophagus with a normal mediastinum at surgery were included in the evaluation. Four radiologists evaluated the CT scans without knowledge of the diagnosis. After determining if there was an adequate amount of fat, they were asked to evaluate each case for the presence or absence of local invasion and distant metastases. The radiologists correctly identified all 26 normal patients. Eighteen of the 76 carcinoma patients had a paucity of fat, but only six were thought to have truly indeterminate scans. CT correctly identified 40 of the 44 esophageal carcinoma patients with mediastinal invasion and 11 of the 15 patients without invasion (accuracy 88%). CT correctly identified 15 of 19 patients with distant abdominal metastases and 28 of 30 patients without metastases (accuracy 88%). CT was only 50% accurate in predicting the presence or absence of invasion in the 12 patients with gastroesophageal junction tumors and only 58% accurate in predicting distant metastases. CT correctly staged 46 (94%) of 49 patients with esophageal carcinoma but only five (42%) of 12 patients with gastroesophageal junction tumors. These results confirm that CT should be used as a major staging method in all patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

The pelvis after surgery for rectal carcinoma: serial CT observations with emphasis on nonneoplastic features.

Ten asymptomatic patients who had undergone resection of rectal carcinoma were evaluated prospectively by at least three serial computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the pelvis within 24 months of surgery. Of the seven patients who had undergone abdominoperineal resection, five were found to have a presacral mass due to normal postoperative changes within the first 4 months. The mass showed a variable diminution between 4 and 9 months after operation and developed a more distinct outline, partial separation from the sacrum, or a change in configuration to a thin transverse sliver. These changes indicate the possibility of CT differentiation of a normal postoperative mass from local recurrence. In the other five patients, no postoperative mass was observed. In one patient CT demonstrated a solitary 1.5 cm lymph node metastasis. This patient was asymptomatic and had a normal carcinoembryonic antigen level. From these observations, a baseline CT study of the pelvis within 2-4 months of resection of rectal carcinoma, followed by serial CT examinations at about 6-month intervals is recommended for the detection of early asymptomatic pelvic recurrence and to facilitate differentiation from persistent postoperative changes.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Acute disease of the aorta. Diagnosis by computed tomography and ultrasonography.

CT and ultrasonography, alone or in combination, have partially replaced aortography for the detection of abnormalities of the native and grafted abdominal aorta. In our medical center, ultrasonography is used to detect or confirm the diagnosis of aortic aneurysm and to determine its size, extent, and relationship to the renal arteries. We usually choose CT to assess suspected rupture of the native aorta and complications of the grafted aorta, such as occlusion, leakage, false aneurysm, or perigraft infection. Acute disease of the abdominal aorta can be detected or excluded using these relatively noninvasive imaging techniques.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1982

Recurrent rectal carcinoma in an asymptomatic patient.

Pelvic recurrence is a common cause of symptoms and mortality in patients who have undergone surgical resection of rectal carcinoma. Diagnosis by physical examination and standard radiologic techniques is usually only possible when the recurrence becomes symptomatic because of its advanced state. Previous reports have documented the ability of computed tomography (CT) to depict accurately pelvic recurrence of rectal carcinoma in the symptomatic patient. Surgical resection of recurrence is usually noncurative but appears to result in a more prolonged survival if performed in the asymptomatic patient. We report a case of pelvic lymph node recurrence suggested by CT and confirmed by CT guided needle biopsy in an asymptomatic patient. Diagnosis of recurrence at this early stage by CT, supplemented with CT guided biopsy, may offer the patient an increased chance of survival following surgical resection.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

CT demonstration of subcutaneous venous collaterals.

Subcutaneous collateral veins were identified by computed tomography (CT) in 12 patients. These were seen as enhancing round or tubular structures surrounded by subcutaneous fat, and most were associated with occlusion of a major vein in the abdomen or thorax. The CT appearance of deep vein occlusions included an intraluminal thrombus with an enhancing rim, a mass replacing the nonvisualized vein and distortion of the vein by an adjacent mass. The subcutaneous fat was examined on the CT scans of 50 patients not suspected of having deep venous occlusions. The appearance of normal subcutaneous structures and the differential diagnosis are discussed.

Collateral Circulation↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of plain radiography, conventional tomography, and computed tomography in detecting intrathoracic lymph node metastases from lung carcinoma.

Forty-two patients with T2 bronchogenic carcinoma were evaluated with plain radiography, conventional 55 degrees oblique hilar and anteroposterior mediastinal tomography, and computed tomography (CT) to compare their accuracy in assessing mediastinal and hilar nodal metastases. Definitive staging was achieved by thoracotomy and histopathological evaluation of resected specimens. All modalities demonstrated about the same accuracy; however, in the 25 patients with hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, CT of the mediastinum was more sensitive but not more specific than the other two and conventional tomography was no more accurate than CT for hilar evaluation. Overall, no technique was accurate enough for routine staging; their value may lie in directing biopsy or in treatment planning in patients with inoperable disease.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1982

Distinguishing benign from malignant pulmonary nodules by computed tomography.

Investigators have been able to distinguish benign pulmonary nodules from malignant ones in about two-thirds of the cases studied by detecting high computed tomography (CT) numbers (attributed to microscopic calcifications) within many benign nodules. This paper reports a similar analysis on a series of 22 benign and 14 malignant pulmonary nodules. Although about one-third of the benign nodules gave high CT numbers, all but one of the nodules diagnosed as benign by CT could also be diagnosed by detection of calcification on plain radiographs or conventional tomograms.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1982

Image techniques for multiplanar computed tomography.

Hardware and software options of the GE 8800 CT scanner were analyzed with respect to their effect on image quality for multiplanar images. Phantom studies were undertaken to demonstrate the effect of collimation, thick pixel reconstruction, and interpolation of both high- and low-contrast multiplanar images. Noise and spatial resolution were measured. Thick pixel reconstruction was found to be most useful in aiding in the delineation of low-contrast lesion boundaries. In addition, this option permits use of lower techniques, thus speeding data acquisition and reducing patient dose. Clinical examples are included.

Humans↗