Computed tomography (CT) is a widely accepted modality for the detection, localization, and potential therapeutic drainage of abdominal abscesses. The CT demonstration of extraluminal gas within the abdomen usually signifies the presence of an abscess. We report two cases of nonpurulent spontaneous tissue necrosis which simulated a gas containing abscess on CT. The significance of a gas-containing mass detected by CT must be interpreted cautiously since this appearance is not necessarily pathognomonic of a drainable abscess. Confirmation of purulent material within a suspected abscess collection requires documentation by percutaneous aspiration or surgery.

Abscess↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Retrocaval lymphadenopathy mimicking tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava.

The preoperative assessment of many renal and adrenal tumors includes evaluation for tumor extension into the inferior vena cava. Computed tomography (CT) can allow the noninvasive diagnosis of tumor thrombus but specific pitfalls related to incomplete mixing of opacified and unopacified blood limit its utility. We report another pitfall, that of retrocaval lymphadenopathy mimicking tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reversal of oliguria and renal cortical ischemia of hemorrhagic shock in the dog with tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane (THAM): arteriographic studies.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reversal of oliguria and renal cortical ischemia of hemorrhagic shock in the dog with tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane (THAM). Hemodynamic studies.

We investigated the functional and hemodynamic effects on the kidney of tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane (THAM) infusion during sustained hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs. The large osmotic load introduced into the vascular compartment during hemorrhagic hypotension resulted in a marked reduction in systemic vascular resistance and a return of cardiac output, total renal blood flow, and the renal arteriographic pattern to normal range. The observed diuresis is probably due to an osmotic effect, because the glomerular filtration rate remains significantly depressed. Anatomical assignment of the mathematical components of the xenon washout curve led to an assessment of intrarenal blood flow distribution that was at variance with the arteriographic pattern and the intrarenal distribution of tagged microspheres.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diuresis and improved renal hemodynamics produced by prostaglandin E1 in the dog with norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure.

Unilateral acute renal failure was induced in dogs by renal artery infusion of norepinephrine. Renal hemodynamics and function were studied before and 5 days after norepinephrine infusion, and during subsequent renal artery infusion of prostaglandin E1. After norepinephrine, the infused kidney exhibited decreased urine volume, sodium excretion, and creatinine clearance. Cortical blood flow, determined with radioactive microspheres, also decreased. No redistribution of intracortical blood flow occurred. Arteriographically, proximal vessels were constricted and the cortical nephrogram density diminished. During prostaglandin E1 infusion, urine volume, sodium excretion, and cortical blood flow increased. Creatinine clearance did not change significantly. Blood flow was redistributed from the outer third to the inner third of the cortex. Proximal vessels were dilated and the cortical nephrogram density was enhanced. The apparent dissociation of cortical blood flow from creatinine clearance suggests that prostaglandin E1-induced diuresis and natriuresis result from a mechanism other than increased glomerular filtration.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of decreased renal artery perfusion pressure on intrarenal hemodynamics in the dog.

The role of decreased renal artery perfusion pressure in redistribution of renal cortical blood flow during acute hemorrhagic hypotension is unclear. Renal artery hypotension was produced in intact dogs by an intra-aortic balloon catheter placed cephalad to the origins of the renal arteries. Renal cortical perfusion was assessed using selective renal magnification arteriography, isotopically labeled microspheres, and xenon-133 washout. After 60 minutes of decreased renal artery perfusion pressure (40 to 50 mm Hg), no changes were noted in renal cortical perfusion arteriographically. Microsphaere distribution to each cortical zone was unchanged, despite a marked decrease in total renal blood flow and in flow to each zone. 133Xe washout curves permitted two interpretations: Either redistribution of blood flow away from the cortex occurred, or parallel decrease in flow to each zone occurred without redistribution. Results indicate decreased renal artery perfusion pressure does not cause redistribution of renal cortical blood flow in our model.

Angiography↗