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Biomedical subjects

M Kontturi

Publications and source records attributed to M Kontturi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Scandinavian clinical study of finasteride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The effects of finasteride, a potent 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, were assessed in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Patients were treated with finasteride or placebo for 24 weeks in a double-blind multicenter study followed by a 12-month open-extension period. After 24 weeks, finasteride-treated patients, when compared to placebo-treated patients, showed a significant reduction in prostate volume (22.5% median decrease) and prostate significant antigen (32.4% median decrease), a significant increase in maximum urinary flow (1.6 ml/s mean increase from baseline) and a significant improvement in their obstructive symptom scores (two-point decrease from baseline). Finasteride was well tolerated, and the improvements in prostate volume, maximum urinary flow rate and obstructive symptom scores observed in the controlled study were maintained throughout the extension study.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy and safety of clean intermittent catheterization in adults.

A prospective study was carried out on the efficacy and safety of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). The series included 41 adults (15 females, 26 males), the mean follow-up time being 40 months. Most patients were suffering from neurogenic bladder disorders. All of them used a self-lubricating hydrophilic catheter. Thirty-one patients (76%) continued to undergo CIC, but 9 discontinued. Thirty patients (73%) experienced bacteriuria during the procedure. Three males had epididymitis. Contrary to many earlier reports, urinary tract infections seem to increase after CIC, raising the question of whether prophylactic antibiotic therapy should be used more often in these cases. There were no urethral complications suggesting that the self-lubricating hydrophilic catheters may be less traumatic than those used previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Intravesical epirubicin with and without verapamil for the prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumours.

Seventy-five patients with recurrent bladder carcinoma were randomized after electroresection to receive either epirubicin (E) or epirubicin + verapamil (E + V) instillation of the bladder at regular intervals for 2 years. Samples of the bladder wall, tumour tissue and peripheral blood were taken from 20 patients. The average follow-up period was 21 months. Fifty per cent of the patients in the E group and 37% in the E + V group developed recurrent tumours. Recurrence rates (RR) were 6.3 and 4.7, respectively. Before the instillation therapy the RR was 16.0. There was a highly significant reduction of RR during the instillation therapies; in group E p less than 0.005 and in group E + V p less than 0.001. The difference between the treatment groups was not statistically significant. Verapamil increased epirubicin concentrations in both the bladder wall and the tumour tissue, but did not affect concentrations in the peripheral blood. Side effects were few and did not lead to discontinuation of treatment.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

Is acid phosphatase (PAP) still justified in the management of prostatic cancer?

The usefulness of acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) is compared. The author concludes that PSA is more sensitive, has better organ specificity, does less diurnal variations and correlates better with tumor which makes PSA superior for staging and monitoring of therapy in prostate cancer.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Gene expression and prostate specificity of human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP): evaluation by RNA blot analyses.

A fragment of a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone for human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) (EC 3.1.3.2.) was used to study the expression of corresponding mRNA in human tissues. The specificity of its expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma tissues were indicated in RNA blot analyses. The PAPcDNA probe did not recognize any specific mRNAs in RNAs extracted from human liver cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, placenta, breast cancer cells (MCF-7), mononuclear blood cells or acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), according to Northern blot analysis. mRNA for PAP was detected in the androgen-dependent human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP, but not in the androgen-insensitive human prostatic cancer cell line PC-3. In contrast, lysosomal acid phosphatase (LAP) mRNA was detected in both of these human prostatic cancer cell lines. Our findings indicate a high specificity for the PAP gene in prostatic tissue. The mean abundance for the PAPmRNA expression was 0.26 for prostatic carcinoma samples (n = 11) and 0.46 for BPH samples (n = 8) according to slot-blot analysis. The differences observed between the different categories of prostatic tissue in PAPmRNA abundances call for additional studies on regulation of its expression.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Ceftazidime vs. tobramycin for serious infections in urological patients.

A prospective, randomized study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of tobramycin and ceftazidime in the treatment of serious infections in 77 urological patients. Of the 39 tobramycin-treated and 38 ceftazidime-treated patients, 74% and 82%, respectively, were cured clinically. Microbiological cure rates were 72% and 79%, respectively. Three patients treated with tobramycin and two treated with ceftazidime developed a significant superinfection. Both drugs were tolerated well. Because of potential ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity the use of aminoglycosides is less advantageous than ceftazidime for seriously infected urological patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sarcoidosis of the bladder: a case report and literature review.

A case of bladder sarcoidosis in a woman with known systemic involvement of this disease is reported. The lesion improved and ureteral obstruction was relieved after transurethral resection and systemic corticosteroid treatment. Sarcoidosis and malacoplakia are believed to represent distinct disease processes in the bladder.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Urodynamics in radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Urodynamic examinations were performed on 19 patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy for localized prostatic carcinoma. Altogether 16 urodynamic parameters were analyzed preoperatively and 6 months afterwards. There was a significant decrease in bladder wall compliance and an increase in intravesical and abdominal pressure at maximum flow rate postoperatively. These findings may reflect a partial bladder decentralization caused by surgery. The amount of residual urine was reduced postoperatively. Two patients (10.5%) were totally incontinent, and in both the postoperative urethral closure pressures were low.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Ethanolamine oleate as a sclerosant for testicular hydroceles and epididymal cysts.

Forty patients with testicular hydroceles and 16 patients with epididymal cysts were treated by tapping and injection of ethanolamine oleate; 97.5% of the hydroceles and 31% of the epididymal cysts were completely cured, 50% of the latter partly cured and 19% failed. About half of the patients experienced pain after treatment. Two patients developed infection. Ultrasonography showed no change in the testicular tissue during the follow-up period. Sclerotherapy with ethanolamine oleate is a rapid and cost-effective modality which can be recommended as primary treatment for hydroceles and for unilocular epididymal cysts, especially in elderly males.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sequentially alternating hormone chemotherapy with high-dose medroxy-progesterone acetate and low-dose epirubicin for the treatment of hormone-resistant metastatic prostatic cancer.

Thirty patients with hormone-resistant metastatic progressive prostatic carcinoma were treated with sequentially alternating hormone chemotherapy. They were given 1,000 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) orally for 26 days followed by intravenous doses of 25 mg/m2 epirubicin weekly for 4 weeks. The median duration of the treatment was 29 weeks (range 8-84). In 2 patients a more than 50% reduction in the size of measurable lymph node metastases was observed and in 2 others skeletal metastases decreased. Serum acid phosphatase normalized in 6 patients. Twenty-five patients achieved a subjective response (median duration 24 weeks; range 4-76 weeks). Median survival from the start of treatment (30 +/- 16 weeks) was unrelated to the achievement of subjective response. Normalization of serum acid phosphatase and a more than 50% reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase correlated with the achievement of a subjective response. Toxicity was generally mild, but in 1 case therapy was discontinued because of suspected cardiotoxicity. Sequentially alternating high-dose MPA low-dose epirubicin hormone chemotherapy has a marginal objective effect but a good subjective effect on progressing hormone-resistant prostatic cancer.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma with a slow release depot LHRH analogue (Zoladex depot).

We treated 38 patients with newly diagnosed advanced prostatic cancer with monthly injections of a long acting depot preparation of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone superagonist (Zoladex depot). After 6 months' treatment 10% of the patients had complete objective regression, 77% had partial objective regression, 3% stable disease and 10% had objective progression. The LHRH analogue does not have the metabolic side effects of oestrogens. Depot luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue may well become a preferred alternative for patients with advanced prostatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Incidentally detected renal carcinoma.

The manner of presentation and tumour stage in 52 consecutive patients with renal carcinoma who were treated surgically between 1974 and 1979 (group I) and 112 patients treated similarly between 1980 and 1985 (group II) were reviewed. In group I 16 cases (31%) were discovered incidentally compared to 50 cases (45%) in group II. Before the year 1980 most of the tumours were discovered incidentally at the time of intravenous urography (IVP) or angiography performed for examinations of urinary tract infection or hypertension. After 1980 most incidentally discovered tumours were found at ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) examinations. The tumour stage was lower in the incidentally discovered cases than in cases where the diagnosis was suspected. Routine use of excretory urography, computed tomography, ultrasound, bone scans and other effective diagnostic studies has led to earlier diagnosis, lower stage and possibly better survival in incidentally found cases of renal carcinoma than in cases when the diagnosis was suspected.

Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Radioimaging of lymph node involvement in prostatic carcinoma.

We have previously shown that Tc-99m- or In-111-labelled derivatives of monoclonal antibodies against prostatic acid phosphatase can be used to reveal bone metastases of prostatic carcinoma. In this study, seven patients who were candidates for radical prostatectomy and two patients with bone metastases, were investigated to evaluate the applicability of this technique for preoperative staging of the patients. One milligram of monoclonal antibodies was injected bilaterally into the periprostatic space, and the patients were subjected to measurements by gamma camera. In one patient metastases were detected in the left para-aortic, iliac and obturator lymph nodes by this technique. The lesions incorporating radioactivity were confirmed to be metastases of prostatic cancer following staging pelvic lymphadenectomy. In the other four patients, radioimaging did not show any lymph node metastases, and this negative finding was confirmed at the operation. These early data indicate the possibility of preoperative staging of prostatic cancer by means of radiolabelled derivates of monoclonal antibodies, raised against prostatic acid phosphatase and injected into the periprostatic area.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗