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Biomedical subjects

M Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to M Kondo.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Normalization of blood glucose in totally pancreatectomized dogs by use of pancreatic chambers.

Two pancreatic chambers constructed of plastic tube and ultrafiltration membrane and containing the minced pancreases of five neonatal rats were implanted in the omentum of totally pancreatectomized diabetic dogs. Blood glucose levels in the diabetic dogs leveled off just after operation, in contrast with those in control animals, in which vacant chambers were implanted, and began to decrease about a week after the transplantation. Blood glucose levels fell to less than 150 mg/100 ml within three weeks. The neonatal rat pancreases in the pancreatic chamber produced a near normal plasma glucose and insulin response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test on the 20th day after transplantation. Removal of the pancreatic chamber from the experimental dogs after normalization of blood glucose levels, caused a rapid elevation of blood glucose levels, and lead to death within four days. No rejection reactions were observed in the course of the experiment. These findings suggest that pancreatic transplantation with the pancreatic chamber is potentially useful for the treatment of diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of acetylcholine on the secretion of gut glucagon immunoreactivity and gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity in pancreatectomized dogs.

Effect of the infusion of acetylcholine on the secretion of gut glucagon immunoreactivity (gut GI) that was measured using C-terminal specific glucagon antiserum after pancreatectomy, and gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (gut GLI) that was obtained by subtracting GI from total glucagon-like immunoreactivity (total GLI) which was measured using non-specific glucagon antiserum, was investigated in sixteen pancreatectomized dogs untreated with insulin, in order to demonstrate whether the secretion of gut GI and gut GLI is influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system. During the infusion of acetylcholine at a rate of 10 microM/kg/min, gut GI in the femoral venous blood showed a significant increase from the basal value of 181 +/- 22 pg/ml to a maximum of 569 +/- 107 pg/ml at 30 min (p less than 0.01), and "true gut GI secretion increment" in the portal venous blood showed a maximum significant increase of 916 +/- 144% at 30 min from the basal value (p less than 0.001). However, gut GLI showed no significant change. One shot administration of atropine at a rate of 15 micrograms/kg could significantly inhibit the stimulatory effect of acetylcholine on gut GI (p less than 0.05--0.001). It is concluded that the parasympathetic nervous system might play an important role in the control mechanism of the release of gut GI, but not of gut GLI in pancreatectomized dogs untreated with insulin.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1980

Effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on glucagon secretion in normal and alloxan dogs.

The effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon secretion was investigated in normal and alloxan dogs. On the 8th day after the vaccine injection, in normal and alloxan dogs during the infusion of arginine and glucose, the plasma glucose level was lower and the IRI level was higher than in the saline controls. On the other hand, the plasma IRG level showed no significant alloxan dogs this vaccine made the plasma IRG level lower during arginine infusion than in the saline controls and suppressed it significantly during glucose infusion. These effects of the vaccine disappeared on the 30th day after its injection into normal and alloxan dogs. It is suggested that in normal dogs Bordetella pertussis vaccine decreased plasma glucose through the promotion of insulin secretion without any effect on glucagon secretion, while in alloxan dogs this vaccine might alleviate hyperglycemia through the enhancement of insulin and the inhibition of glucagon secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of hypophysectomy and hypophysis-transplantation on the secretion of gut glucagon immunoreactivity and gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity in depancreatized dogs.

The role of hypophysis in the regulation mechanism of the secretion of gut glucagon immunoreactivity (gut GI) that was measured using C-terminal specific glucagon antiserum after pancreatectomy, and gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (gut GLI) that was obtained by subtracting GI from total glucagon-like immunoreactivity (total GLI) which was measured using non-specific glucagon antiserum, was investigated in depancreatized dogs. Plasma glucose, gut GI and gut GLI levels were found to increase in totally depancreatized dogs. The former two showed a significant decrease after hypophysectomy, and were reversed by the hypophysis-transplantation, while gut GLI was not affected either by hypophysectomy or hypophysis-transplantation. Intramuscular injections of human growth hormone (HGH) or adrenocorticotropic hormone-Z (ACTH-Z) to depancreatized-hypophysectomized dogs had no effect on plasma glucose level or gut GI. It is concluded that hypophysis may promote the secretion of gut GI after pancreatectomy, but not of gut GLI. Gut GI seems to regulate plasma glucose level after pancreatectomy. However, the precise regulation mechanism of gut GI by the hypophysial hormone after pancreatectomy is not clarified yet.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1980

Effect of adrenergic agents on the secretion of gastrointestinal immunoreactive glucagon in depancreatized dogs.

To elucidate the mode of action of adrenergic agents on gastric A cells, the effects of infusion of adrenergic agonists and antagonists on the secretion of gastrointestinal immunoreactive glucagon (gastrointestinal IRG) from gastric A cells were investigated in 45 conscious, depancreatized dogs untreated with insulin. Large amounts (0.6 micrograms/kg/min) of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol stimulated the release of gastrointestinal IRG, and catecholamine-induced gastrointestinal IRG release was completely abolished by simultaneous infusion of the specific beta receptor-blocking compound, propranolol, but not by alpha receptor blockade with phentolamine. These findings suggest that, when adrenergic agonists are infused in large amounts, they may act through a beta receptor to increase the release of gastrointestinal IRG.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1980

Absorption, distribution and excretion of cefmenoxime (SCE-1365), a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin, in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs.

The levels of cefmenoxime (SCE-1365) [7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-[Z]-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetr azol-5-yl)thiomethyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid] and cefotaxime [7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-[Z]-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-acetoxymethyl-ceph -3-em-4-carboxylic acid] in plasma and tissues, and the excretion in urine and bile of experimental animals were compared. A single dose of 20 mg/kg of cephalosporins was administered subcutaneously to mice and intramuscularly to rats, rabbits and dogs. The cefmenoxime and cefotaxime levels in plasma and tissues reached a peak in 15 approximately 30 minutes after administration. The cefmenoxime levels in plasma were slightly higher than that of cefmenoxime in rats and slightly lower in mice, rabbits and dogs. The tissue levels of cefmenoxime, however, were much higher than those of cefotaxime. In mice and rats, cefmenoxime was distributed in high concentration to various tissues in the descending order of the kidney, plasma, liver, lung, spleen and brain; in rabbits, kidney, plasma, lung, liver, spleen and brain; and in dogs, kidney, liver, plasma, lung, spleen and brain. The plasma and tissue levels of cefmenoxime persisted much longer than those of cefotaxime. Both cephalosporins were excreted principally in the urine. A high biliary excretion of cefmenoxime was observed in rats and dogs. In the specimens from animals given cefotaxime, deacetylcefotaxime was found in various amounts.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Immunological diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by assaying carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in pure pancreatic juice.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the pure pancreatic juice collected endoscopically were measured in a total of 102 cases including 18 with pancreatic cancer using radioimmunoassay. CEA levels in the pancreatic juice were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in patients with pancreatic cancer than in those with pancreatitis or with other miscellaneous diseases and in normal controls. Despite the elevated CEA level in the pancreatic juice from patients with pancreatic cancer without liver metastasis, their serum CEA did not necessarily reveal a high value. In contrast, CEA in the pancreatic juice from patients with an advanced stage with liver metastasis, did not show a high value, although some of them had high CEA in their sera. It is concluded that the estimation of CEA levels in the pancreatic juice provides important diagnostic information in the detection of pancreatic cancer in the early stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Experimental repair of the medial collateral ligament of the knee in rabbits.

In order to know the reparative process of the bone-ligament junction of the medial collateral ligament, the mechanical properties and histological findings of the medial collateral bone-ligament-bone preparations from adult rabbits were examined at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 postoperative weeks. There were certain relations between the histological findings and the strength of the repaired medial collateral ligaments, but the healing process of the mechanical properties was slower and at half a year follow up the maximum load could only reach 3/4 of the control.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Variation of serum free amino acids in fulminant hepatitis treated with hepatic assists (author's transl)].

A 10 year old boy, in grade IV hepatic coma, was treated by combination of XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion (HP), activated charcoal HP (Adsorba 300C, Gambro), exchange transfusion by up to 12.0 liters of fresh whole blood, and regular dialysis. Serum free amino acids' values were consecutively assessed during 4 days of treatment. The liver was 490 gr in weight at autopsy and histologic examination revealed cellular necrosis compatible with fulminant hepatitis. Pre-treatment values of alanine, lysine, proline, phenylalanine, arginine, threonine, tyrosine and methionine were increased by 2 to 38 times of normal control, while those of cystine, glutamic acid, serine and glycine were minimally increased up to 1.7 times. Histidine, isoleucine, leucine and valine, on the other hand, were decreased by 20 to 30% and aspartic acid was the lowest at 14% of normal control. The effect of XAD-4 resin HP and exchange transfusion was rather non-specific by decreasing the total amount of amino acids. The molar ratios of branched chain amino acids vs. aromatic amino acids or essential amino were elevated by activated charcoal HP, but, did not reach to normal range.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Ca2+ is essential cofactor for trypanocidal activity of normal human serum.

Normal human serum has been known to exert a cytotoxic effect on Trypanosoma brucei subspecies for nearly 80 yr. But in spite of many attempts, no trypanocidal factor was found in human or baboon serum, until Rifkin demostrated a high density lipoprotein (HDL) in normal human serum with trypanocidal activity. The conclusion that this was the trypanocidal factor was supported by the report that serum from patients with Tangier disease, characterised by a severe deficiency of HDL, lacked trypanocidal activity. We report here that Ca2+ is an essential cofactor for the trypanocidal activity of normal human serum, in which alpha2 macroglobulin (alpha 2) might function as a Ca2+-carrier. We further show that D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose can suppress the trypanocidal action of normal human serum, whereas glycerol has the opposite effect.

Calcium↗