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Biomedical subjects

M Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to M Kondo.

At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Studies on the bacterial spore coat. IX. The role of surface charge in germination of Bacillus megaterium spores.

The surface charge of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores was estimated to be negative, -0.2 ad -0.4 mueq/mg by colloidal titration using glycol chitosan (GCh) and methylglycol chitosan (MGCh), respectively, as positive colloids. MGCh, which reacts with all of the negatively charged groups including carboxylate, inhibited the second stage of the germination to result in semirefractile spores, but GCh, which reacts only with strong acidic groups such as phosphate, did not. The spores produced in a medium with limited phosphate had coats with low phosphate content and carried less negative charge, and they were induced to germinate with 0.4 mM KNO3, which is one-tenth of the minimum concentration required for the germination of the control spores. A similar increase in germinability was observed in spores incubated with calcium acetate. The results suggest that the role of the surface charge in germination is as follows. Strong acidic groups (such as phosphate) in the coat may block the action of ionic germinants and act as a barrier against the initiation of ionic germination. Positively charged compounds (such as calcium) may compensate for this blocking effect. Weak acidic groups (such as carboxylate) may be involved in the later stage of germination.

Bacillus megaterium↗
PubMed1981

Non-polysomal poly(A)-containing messenger ribonucleoproteins of cryptobiotic gastrulae of Artemia salina.

Non-polysomal poly(A)-containing messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) of Artemia salina has been isolated by thermal chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose in moderate (250 mM) and low (50 mM NaCl and 5 mM MgCl2) ionic strength. The purified particles sedimented between 5 S and 30 S and banded at a density of 1.38-1.40 g/cm3 and 1.26-1.27 g/cm3 in CsCl and sucrose isopycnic centrifugation, respectively. The translatability of the mRNP in a cell-free system depended on the conditions of isolation. The protein composition of the free mRNP is independent of the conditions used in oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. The proteins have Mr of 87,000, 76,000, 65,000, 50,000, 45,000, 38,000 and 23,500. A specific set of proteins is associated wtih different ribonucleoproteins, although some proteins are present on multiple particles. The main 17 +/- 2-S particle is composed of proteins with Mr of 87,000, 76,000, 45,000 and 38,000. Approximately the same proteins were present on free mRNP and mRNP isolated from non-polysomal mRNP-ribosome complexes. Poly(A)-binding proteins have Mr of 38,000 and 23,500. The 38,000-Mr protein comprised at least 60% of the total mRNP protein. Poly(A)-binding proteins with Mr of 38,000 and 76,000 are also present in a free state in the cytoplasm. A relation between the main poly(A)-binding mRNP protein and the helix-destabilizing protein HD40 [Marvil, D. K., Nowak, L., and Szer, W. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6466-6472] is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cefmenoxime (SCE-1365), a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities.

The activity of cefmenoxime (SCE-1365), 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid, was compared with that of other cephalosporins. Cefmenoxime exhibited high activity against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The in vitro activity of cefmenoxime against Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive Proteus, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter freundii, was 10 to 1,000 times greater than that of several other cephalosporins. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cefmenoxime showed activity two to four times that of sulbenicillin and carbenicillin but less than that of cefsulodin. Variation in pH, addition of horse serum, and type of growth medium had definite effects on the activity of cefmenoxime, and the inoculum size affected the activity against bacterial species. In Escherichia coli cefmenoxime showed marked affinity for penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP-3), followed by PBP-1 (1A and 1B). This affinity profile was well correlated with its filamentous cell-forming activity under extremely low drug concentrations and with its bactericidal activity against microorganisms. The high in vitro activity of cefmenoxime was reflected in the degree of protection observed in mice infected intraperitoneally with a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, cefmenoxime showed good therapeutic activity against infection models in mice such as respiratory tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and urinary tract infection caused by Proteus mirabilis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of islet-activating protein (IAP) upon insulin secretion from human pancreatic islets.

A new protein termed islet-activating protein (IAP) has recently been extracted from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis, and shown to enhance insulin secretion in vivo in rats or in vitro in isolated pancreatic islets due to activation of native calcium ionophores. However, it has not been clarified whether or not IAP enhances the secretion of insulin in human pancreatic islets. In order to examine the effect of IAP on human pancreatic islets, pancreatic tissues were obtained from seven patients who had appeared normal in a glucose tolerance test prior to pancreatectomy. Insulin secretion was significantly increased in IAP treated pancreatic islets by the glucose and the arginine stimuli. It is concluded that IAP enhances the insulin secretion in response to insulin secretagogues in human pancreatic islets, suggesting the possible clinical application of IAP to diabetic patients.

Arginine↗
PubMed1981

The insulin secretion of a minced neonatal rat pancreas cultured in a pancreatic chamber, in response to various insulin secretagogues.

The minced pancreas of the neonatal rat was cultured for 35 days in a pancreatic chamber which was constructed of a plastic tube and an ultrafiltration membrane. Insulin and amylase secreted from this pancreatic chamber into the culture medium were measured. During the experiment, the concentration of glucose in the culture medium was changed between 5.5 and 16.5 mM at 2-3 day intervals in order to determine the insulin secretory response of the pancreatic tissue. Insulin secretion was markedly increased in response to 16.5 mM glucose. The ratio of insulin secretion to amylase secretion in the culture medium increased with the advance of culture days although secretions of both insulin and amylase decreased individually. On the 7th culture day, short term incubations were performed to test with various insulin secretagogues; obvious insulin release into the incubation medium was observed. These results show that the pancreatic chamber also in vitro secretes insulin rapidly and significantly in response to various stimuli; that by longer culture of a neonatal rat pancreas in this device, insulin secretory cells without exocrine tissue would be obtained without using digestive enzymes; that application of a pancreatic chamber for a pancreatic transplantation may be feasible.

Amylases↗
PubMed1981

Preferential stimulation by aurintricarboxylic acid of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II activity in isolated larval nuclei of Artemia salina.

Aurintricarboxylic acid was found to stimulate preferentially RNA polymerase II activity in isolated nuclei of Artemia salina larvae. Studies on the in vitro transcription of a homologous chromatin indicate that this dye induces changes in the chromatin so as to enhance its template capacity for free RNA polymerase. Both free RNA polymerases I and II are equally sensitive to this dye in the absence of chromatin template. RNA polymerase II, however, becomes highly resistant to aurintricarboxylic acid when it is actively transcribing the chromatin template, whereas RNA polymerase I remains extremely sensitive even in the transcription complex. Therefore, in isolated nuclei, a preferential stimulation of alpha-amanitin-sensitive, but not-resistant RNA synthesis by aurintricarboxylic acid can be observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Exacerbation of renal dysfunction following contrast media study in diabetic patients.

It has been generally assumed that contrast media used for excretory urography are safe even in the presence of renal insufficiency. Recently, however, several reports of acute oliguric renal failure have been documented in diabetic patients after excretory urography. We also have experienced three cases of acute renal failure following contrast media study in diabetic patients. For the purpose of investigating the effect of contrast media on renal function, we examined serum creatinine, BUN, K+ levels and urine volume before and after intravenous pyelography (IVP), drip-infusion pyelography (DIP) or angiography in twenty diabetic patients. As controls, twenty patients with non-diabetic renal diseases were selected. From this study, it is concluded that contrast media study had better be avoided in diabetic patients providing with renal disturbance (creatinine level more than 3.0 mg/dl) and severe retinopathy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

Light and electron microscopy of the morphological response of Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens to cefmenoxime (SCE-1365), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin.

The morphological response of Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens to cefmenoxime (SCE-1365), 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyminoacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, was investigated. The action of cefmenoxime was bactericidal against both E. coli and S. marcescens even at rather low concentrations. The pattern and the rate of the decrease of colony-forming units (CFU) were similar over a fairly wide range of concentration; this was especially noticeable in S. marcescens. In E. coli filamentous cells were induced at low concentrations of the cephalosporin. Spheroplasts appeared at higher concentrations, and they lysed later. A bulge was formed at the middle of the cell at concentrations near the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and vacuole-like structures surrounded by membrane were also observed in the cytoplasm of the filamentous cells. In S. marcescens filamentation of cells occurred over a considerable range of concentration. With longer times of incubation, granular structures and fused nuclear regions were noticed in the sparse cytoplasm.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Effect of combination of cefsulodin and beta-lactam antibiotics against Serratia marcescens.

The effect of cefsulodin in combination with various beta-lactam antibiotics was examined against Serratia marcescens. In vitro, the optimum ratio for all combinations tested was almost the same (cefsulodin - other antibiotic = 1:1 approximately 1:4). The combinations of cefsulodin-cefazolin and cefsulodin-cefotiam were found to have a synergistic effect and other combinations, such as cefsulodin-cefmenoxime, -ampicillin and -sulbenicillin, an additive effect with the checkerboard dilution and the fixed combination methods. The synergistic effect of cefsulodin-cefotiam was more potent than that of cefsulodin-cefazolin and the effect of both combinations was clearer with heavy than with light inoculum size. With the killing kinetic method, all combinations tested showed a synergistic effect. In vivo, the optimum combination ratios of cefsulodin-cefazolin and cefsulodin-cefotiam were 1:2 and 1:1, respectively, the protective effect of the latter combination being much stronger than that of the former. With the fixed combination method (cefsulodin - other antibiotic = 1:1 approximately 1:4), the effect of the combination of cefsulodin with all antibiotics except cefazolin and cefotiam was additive.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam.

The effect of cefsulodin in combination with mecillinam was examined against a wide range of bacterial species. The antibacterial spectrum was widened by the combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam in the ratio of 5:1 and 10:1. In overall observations, in the in vitro test, a synergistic effect against clinical isolates was found on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris, and an additive effect was found on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus morganii, Proteus rettgeri, Proteus inconstans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In in vivo tests, a synergistic effect was observed on S. marcescens TN 66 and K. pneumoniae DT infections and an additive effect was observed on S. aureus 308 A-1, E. coli O-111 and T-7, C. freundii TN 518, E. cloacae TN 603, P. vulgaris GN 4712, P. morganii Tn 373 and P. aeruginosa U 31 infections.

Amdinocillin↗
PubMed1981

Dimer formation in radiation-irradiated aqueous solution of lysozyme studied by light-scattering-intensity measurement.

The reaction of lysozyme with OH., Br.-2 and e-aq, produced in an aqueous solution by pulsed electrons and gamma-rays, were investigated. Irradiated enzymes showed an increase in the light scattering intensity (LSI) which is proportional to the absorbed dose. Results obtained from SDS gel electrophoresis confirm dimerization of lysozyme, which is considered to be responsible for the increase in LSI. It was found that the rate constant of the dimerization of protein radicals produced in the reaction with OH. is 2K=(1.0 +/- 0.3) X 10(6)M-1 s-1 and the yield of the dimerization is 0.6 in G. The enzymatic activity of the dimer is shown to be reduced to about 30 per cent of that of the intact enzyme. It is concluded that the radiation-induced inactivation of lysozyme is largely due to dimerization.

Electrons↗
PubMed1981

[Echocardiographic features of false tendons: with special reference to phonocardiographic significance (author's transl)].

Echocardiographic features consistent with the findings of false tendons (FTs) were described in five out of 1,000 consecutive cases, and they were studied in order to determine whether FT was responsible for the systolic murmurs. Three had heart diseases including aortic regurgitation, 3 degrees AV-block with aortic regurgitation, and pericarditis and mitral stenosis, and the remainder cases had no heart disease. M-mode echocardiograms showed abnormal linear echoes in the outflow tract of the left ventricle in three cases, and in the left ventricle toward the apex in another two cases. Two-dimensional echocardiograms revealed long string-like echoes stretching from the upper parts of the interventricular septum across the ventricular cavity to the lateral wall of the left ventricle in three cases in the long and short axis views or four chamber view. In another two cases, there were long slender echoes binding the lower parts of the interventricular septum and the left ventricle in the apical view. These string-like echoes seemed to represent FTs reported previously in autopsy cases. Phonocardiography with pharmacological study (amyl nitrite and methoxamine) showed no significant systolic murmur, for which Fts had been considered to be responsible, even in a dilated left ventricle. We conclude that (1) M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms can demonstrate the presence of FTs, (2) two-dimensional echocardiograms might be utilized in differentiating FTs from other abnormal linear echoes in the outflow tract of the left ventricle seen in M-mode echograms, and (3) FTs do not necessarily cause systolic murmur.

Adult↗