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Biomedical subjects

M Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to M Kondo.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A new method of electrodiagnosis during operations on the brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries. The value of motor nerve action potentials evoked by trans-skull motor area stimulation.

A method is described which records efferent motor nerve action potentials (MNAPs), evoked by trans-skull motor area stimulation, directly from a nerve root or peripheral nerve fibres during operation. The records of MNAPs from the root show whether function of the anterior root is intact and its continuity retained. When recorded from the proximal stump of a divided nerve at the wrist the motor funiculus can be identified, enabling funicular nerve suture to be carried out more easily.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1985

Reduced noradrenaline turnover in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

To clarify whether activity of the sympathetic nervous system is decreased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, noradrenaline turnover, which is a reliable indicator of sympathetic nervous system activity, was measured in the interscapular brown adipose tissue, heart and pancreas of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Results from studies using inhibition of noradrenaline biosynthesis with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine demonstrated significant reductions (p less than 0.05-0.001) in sympathetic nervous system activity in the interscapular brown adipose tissue, heart and pancreas of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) diabetic rats, compared with measurements in streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) diabetic and saline-control rats. The daily injections of neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin to streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) diabetic rats prevented the decrease of noradrenaline turnover in the interscapular brown adipose tissue and heart significantly (p less than 0.02), but this was less marked in pancreas, compared with non-treated streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) diabetic rats. Furthermore reduced noradrenaline turnover was also observed in the control rats which showed comparable changes in body weight to the rats injected with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). These results suggest that poorly controlled streptozotocin diabetic rats may have reduced sympathetic nervous function, and that insulin therapy might prevent this.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1985

A case with bronchogenic cyst diagnosed by reconstruction CT prior to surgery which showed cardiac abnormalities.

A case report of a patient with bronchogenic cyst who presented with cardiogenic symptoms was described. The precise diagnosis was finally made after completing various diagnostic procedures which included reconstruction computed tomography. The patient, a 30-year-old man, was admitted to our hospital because of palpitation, chest pain and fever of three weeks duration. An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed evidence suggestive of left atrial overloading and frequent atrial premature beats. A chest roentgenogram showed an abnormal shadow behind the right upper portion of the heart and a cross-sectional echocardiogram revealed abnormal echoes with ill-defined margins in the left atrium. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the presence of the left atrial tumor but left atriography suggested that it was extracardiac and compressing the left atrium. Reconstruction CT was therefore performed and the cyst was diagnosed as being in a subcarinal position. A mobile calcified mass was also demonstrated by the CT. An operation was performed and a cyst, 6 X 3 cm, was removed almost completely and a histopathological diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst was made. In this particular case, ECG abnormalities which suggest atrial damage and the diagnostic usefulness of reconstruction CT are stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The increase of lipid peroxidation in rat adjuvant arthritis and its inhibition by superoxide dismutase.

Adjuvant arthritis was induced in rats by the injection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and its severity was scored according to the macroscopic findings of the legs, tail, and ears. The average score so obtained was lower in SOD-injected rats than in the control group. The depression of albumin/globulin ratio was inhibited significantly in rats treated with 10.0 mg/kg of SOD. The levels of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were elevated after the administration of an adjuvant, and these lysosomal enzymes showed a remarkable increase in the control rats, while the elevation was inhibited in rats injected with 10.0 mg/kg of SOD. The levels of TBA-reactive substances in the sera and synovia were elevated at 2 weeks after the injection of adjuvant and decreased thereafter. In rats injected with 5.0 mg/kg or 10.0 mg/kg of SOD, the increase in both serum and synovial levels of TBA reactants was inhibited significantly. These observations suggest that the aggravation of adjuvant arthritis may be associated with lipid peroxidation due to superoxide, and that SOD may be beneficial for the treatment of arthritis.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Integration of allogeneic lymphocyte immunotherapy with short-course chemotherapy and hypoenergic hyperthermia: a "triple-threat" treatment for disseminated cancer.

A strategy for treatment of disseminated cancer is proposed which unites short-course chemotherapy, local hyperthermia, and allogeneic lymphocyte immunotherapy, designed and timed so as to optimize their synergistic interactions. Short-course chemotherapy potentiates allogeneic lymphocyte immunotherapy, and in turn is potentiated by subsequent courses of local hyperthermia. Response to hyperthermia can be enhanced by measures which selectively inhibit tumor blood flow, impair tumor energy metabolism, and produce tumor acidification; these include induction of prolonged hyperglycemia, and administration of selectively activated "hypoenergic" agents which inhibit or uncouple tumor respiration. It is anticipated that these methods will enable a significant advance in the control of metastasized solid tumors.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Conversion of T-stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by computed tomography.

Thirty-six patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were examined with computed tomography (CT) before definitive radiation therapy. CT clearly delineated the extent of the primary tumors. CT frequently showed subtle destruction of the paranasal sinuses and pterygoid plate, which was not usually detected by conventional X ray examinations. T-staging was made according to the UICC TNM classification system (1978) or another system, depending on clinical findings and the conventional X ray examinations (non-CT T-stage). Then, the non-CT T-stage of each patient was compared with T-stage diagnosed with CT findings alone (CT T-stage). CT upstaged non-CT T-stage in 14 of the 36 patients according to either system. Only one patient was downstaged by CT; this patient had cranial nerve palsy but not detectable bone destruction as shown by CT. We conclude that CT is the single, most reliable imaging method for primary tumors of NPC patients. Since CT detects subtle bone destruction, however, a large number of patients will be classified as having advanced tumors. Further modification of the TNM system may be needed for NPC patients in this era of CT.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1985

An electron microscopic study of pathogenesis of urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa P 9 in mice.

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic examination of the kidney and bladder of mice infected transurethrally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa P 9 revealed that the pyelonephritis is established through two routes, after the organisms reach the pelvis of the kidney via the bladder and ureter. In one route, which appeared to be predominant, the inoculated bacteria invaded the renal parenchyma through exfoliation of the calyceal epithelial cells with subsequent destruction of the basement membrane. Alternatively, the inoculated bacteria retrograded in the collecting tubules and urineferous tubules and propagated in the lumina followed by invasion of the renal parenchyma. In the bladder, the inoculated bacteria increased in number then disappeared within 48 h after exhibiting morphological aberrations such as elongation, bulge and spheroplast formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of beta-lactamase induction on susceptibility to cephalosporins in Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens.

For Enterobacter cloacae GN5797 and Serratia marcescens 72-2, which produce inducible beta-lactamases and respond antagonistically to many combinations of cephalosporins, the changes in beta-lactamase activity and sensitivity to cephalosporins were examined during semi-continuous cultivation in which the concentration of inducers was decreased by two-fold dilution of the culture every 30 min starting from 1 h after the addition of inducers. The levels of beta-lactamase, which peaked at 0.5-2 h after induction, decreased concomitantly with the disappearance of the inducers in the culture, and returned to the uninduced levels by 6 h. The ability of cefoxitin and cefmetazole to induce beta-lactamases was more potent than that of cefazolin and cefotiam. The sensitivity to some cephalosporins, judged by the MIC and bactericidal effect, was slightly decreased at an early stage of induction, and reverted to the uninduced levels within several hours after the inducers were depleted.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of cortex hydrolysis during spore germination by CdCl2.

When the spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 (ATCC 12872) were incubated with 5 mM CdCl2 at 30 C, they underwent the early germination events, such as loss of heat resistance and release of calcium dipicolinate, in the same way as when they were germinated by glucose + KNO3. However, germination by CdCl2 caused no increase in the reducing groups in the cortex and no excretion of glucosamine-containing materials due to the hydrolysis of the cortex peptidoglycan. Addition of CdCl2 at any time during germination by glucose + KNO3 inhibited the release of glucosamine-containing materials from the spores, whereas removal of cadmium from the CdCl2-germinated spores by treatment with cysteine restored the hydrolysis of peptidoglycan. These results suggested that CdCl2 caused the early events of spore germination but prevented the spores from undergoing the events following germination by inhibiting the enzymatic lysis of the cortex peptidoglycan. The conclusion from the study is that cortex degradation is not always required for the initiation of germination.

Bacillus megaterium↗
PubMed1985

Collapse of cortex expansion during germination of Bacillus megaterium spores.

When spores of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872 were incubated with CdCl2, they germinated without decomposition of the cortex. Moreover, the volume ratio of cortex to protoplast-plus-cortex, C/(P+C), of the CdCl2-germinated spores was reduced. Incubation of isolated cortex with the divalent compounds Cd2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ reduced the gel volume to about 1/5 but incubation with a nonionic compounds, glucose, did not. The spores with reduced C/(P+C) were observed in the early period of glucose-induced germination. The time required for a 50% change in cortex morphology to occur was 2.5 min, which corresponds well with the time for 50% loss of heat resistance. This time was shorter than that necessary for release of peptidoglycan fragments and hydrolysis of cortex glycan chains. These data indicate that cortex hydrolysis is not related to the initiation of germination. 50% of the dipicolinic acid, calcium and magnesium were released at 3.4, 4.0, and 2.4 min, respectively. These results suggest that collapse of cortex expansion by the interaction of cortex with dipicolinic acid and cations released from the core, or exogenous ionic germinants is an important step in the initiation of germination.

Bacillus megaterium↗
PubMed1985

Germination of the decoated spores of Bacillus megaterium.

Decoated spores of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872 were prepared by extracting the inner coat components with an alkaline solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol (SDS-DTT) from outer coat-deficient mutant spores, which were produced from one of the mutants isolated and named MAE-05 by us. The decoated mutant spores germinated as well as the intact spores of the mutant and the parent, indicating that the outer and inner spore cats cannot be essential structures for the initiation of germination. When the SDS-DTT-treated MAE-05 spores were converted to H-spores by incubation in citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) at 30 C for 3 hr, they lost their germinability by glucose and KNO3. Ca-spores, prepared by treating H-spores with 10 mM calcium acetate at 37 C for 60 min, regained the germinability. Experiments on the interaction of 45Ca with the cortex and the inner membrane isolated from H-spores suggested that the calcium present in the inner membrane might be related to germinability.

Bacillus megaterium↗
PubMed1985

Synthesis and deposition of spore coat proteins during sporulation of Bacillus megaterium.

Rabbit (anti-spore coat protein) IgG was prepared by immunization with coat proteins extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol from isolated spore coats of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872. Coat proteins were detected from 3 hr after the end of exponential growth (t3) in the mother cell cytoplasmic fraction by sandwich enzyme immunoassay using this antibody. The proteins in the forespore coat protein fraction increased from t3 and reached a plateau at t10. Immunoblot analysis for the coat proteins in sporulating cells revealed the sequential synthesis of various proteins in the mother cell cytoplasmic fraction and simultaneous deposition of the same proteins as in the forespore coat fraction. These results suggest that turnover of precursor proteins of the spore coat is very rapid if precursor proteins are produced and they are proteolytically processed to produce mature proteins. Specific antibody to the 48,000-dalton protein, which is a major protein, did not cross-react with any other major (36,000, 22,000, 19,500, and 17,500-dalton) proteins. Specific antibody to the 22,000-dalton protein did not cross-react with the 48,000, 36,000, 19,500, 17,500, and 16,000-dalton proteins, but did cross-react with the 44,000, 25,000, and 12,000-dalton proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of carumonam (AMA-1080), a new N-sulfonated monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic.

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of carumonam (AMA-1080), a synthetic sulfazecin derivative, were compared with those of aztreonam, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, and cefsulodin. Carumonam was highly active in vitro against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae and weakly active against Streptococcus pneumoniae, but it was not active against Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs of carumonam for 90% of 1,156 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were between 0.013 and 25 micrograms/ml, which were the lowest MICs of the antibiotics tested. The MIC of carumonam for 90% of Klebsiella oxytoca was 0.2 micrograms/ml, whereas that of aztreonam was 50 micrograms/ml. The superiority of carumonam to aztreonam and the reference cephalosporins was also demonstrated by their activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. The MIC of carumonam for 90% of P. aeruginosa was 12.5 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the MICs of aztreonam and ceftazidime. Carumonam showed a high affinity for the penicillin-binding protein 3 of gram-negative bacteria, but not for the penicillin-binding proteins of S. aureus and Bacteroides fragilis. Carumonam was resistant to hydrolysis by 12 plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases and 7 chromosomal beta-lactamases. It was more stable than aztreonam to hydrolysis by the beta-lactamase of K. oxytoca; this stability is related to the superiority of the in vitro and in vivo activities of carumonam to those of aztreonam against this species. In general, the protective activities (50% effective dose) of carumonam and reference antibiotics in mice with experimental intraperitoneal infections correlated with the in vitro activities (MIC); carumonam showed excellent protective activity against most aerobic gram-negative bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme immunoassay of pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) as a marker of pancreatic cancer.

For the quantitative measurement of pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA), an enzyme immunoassay for POA has been developed, and is based on the sandwich method using antibody-coupled glass beads and enzyme (peroxidase)-labelled antibody. Serum POA concentrations were increased significantly in patients with pancreatic cancer, but not in those with chronic pancreatitis or other miscellaneous diseases, or in normal subjects. It is concluded that the enzyme immunoassay could be used for the assay of POA and our results show that the determination of serum POA would be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1985

Insulin release from column-perifused isolated islets of uremic rats.

In order to examine the insulin secretion in chronic renal failure, isolated pancreatic islets either from uremic rats or from control rats were mixed into a short column of Bio-Gel P-2 polyacrylamide beads and perifused. Uremic rats had higher concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and immunoreactive insulin and lower concentration of plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 than control rats. Although the basal insulin release in the presence of 5.0 mM glucose showed no difference between uremic and control rats, the initial insulin release in the presence of 16.2 mM glucose was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in uremic than in controls rats. The insulin content in islets was not different between both groups. These findings suggest that there might be impairment of the initial insulin secretion without changes of insulin content in pancreatic islets in uremia.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Carbohydrate antigenic determinant (CA 19-9) and other tumor markers in gastrointestinal malignancies.

The serum carbohydrate antigenic determinant (CA 19-9) was assayed in patients with various diseases, and it provides excellent sensitivity for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (25/27, 93%), while only 4% (2/54) of the patients with benign diseases and none of the 40 healthy subjects showed elevated CA 19-9 concentrations over 37 units/ml as upper normal value. Increased serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels over 2.5 ng/ml were observed in patients with pancreatic cancer (18/22, 82%), compared to 22% (12/54) of the patients with benign diseases and 10% (4/40) of the healthy subjects. 12 of the 19, 6 of the 19 and none of the 22 patients with pancreatic cancer exhibited high serum ferritin, beta 2-microglobulin, or alpha-fetoprotein levels, respectively. A significant difference in CA 19-9 was found between patients with pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer, other gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, other non-GI malignancies, benign digestive diseases or normal populations.

Adenocarcinoma↗