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Biomedical subjects

M Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to M Kondo.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Significant prolongation of disease-free period gained by oral polysaccharide K (PSK) administration after curative surgical operation of colorectal cancer.

To examine the clinical efficacy and the mechanism of action of polysaccharide K (PSK), a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from a Basidiomycetes fungus, a randomized double-blind trial was performed by administering PSK to 56 patients and a placebo to another group of 55 patients after surgical operations on their colorectal cancers. The rate of patients in remission (or disease-free) was significantly higher in the PSK group than in the placebo group; the difference between both groups was statistically significant at P less than 0.05 by the log-rank test. The survival rate of patients was also significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the PSK group than in the control group. The most significant laboratory finding was that polymorphonuclear leukocytes from PSK-treated patients showed remarkable enhancement in their activities, such as random and/or chemotactic locomotion, and phagocytic activity, when compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, PSK was useful as a maintenance therapy for patients after their curative surgical operations for colorectal cancer. The beneficial effects were probably due to the activation of leukocyte functions as one of the many biological-response-modifying (activities induced by PSK).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Morphometric study of the superior cervical and stellate ganglia of spontaneously hypertensive rats during the prehypertensive stage.

To compare the functional state of the superior cervical (SCG) and stellate sympathetic ganglia (SG) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with those of age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), ganglion cell volume and area occupied by ganglion cells relative to each whole ganglionic area were morphometrically examined using the Texture Analyse System (TAS) in rats at 0, 10 and 30 days of age. The weight of each ganglion relative to animal weight was also measured. The ganglion cell volume and the relative area of ganglionic cells in both ganglia of SHR were significantly larger (P less than 0.05) than those of age-matched WKY at ages 0 and 10 days after birth. The relative ganglionic weights of SHR were significantly larger (P less than 0.01) compared with those of WKY at all ages examined, except for SG at 0 days after birth. These results show that the relative volume of sympathetic ganglion cells is greater in both SCG and SG of SHR than that of WKY, suggesting that hyperfunction of sympathetic ganglia occurs at the prehypertensive stage as a primary factor in the development of hypertension in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Morphological changes in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study.

The ultrastructure of the vascular smooth muscle cells of the middle cerebral artery in 6-month-old male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) was studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and compared with that of age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Although the smooth muscle cells of WKY rats by SEM had a typical spindle shape and smooth surface texture, those of SHRSP were structurally modified by numerous surface invaginations and projections, bearing some structural resemblance to the myotendinous junction of skeletal muscle. Structural modifications affected more than half the surface of medial smooth muscle cells in SHRSP, but less than 0.6% of the surface of these cells in WKY rats. About 10% of medial smooth muscle cells were necrotic in SHRSP, but no necrotic cells were identified in WKY rats. By TEM, smooth muscle cells in SHRSP were shown to be irregular in profile with deep indentations of the plasma membrane and were surrounded by many layers of basal lamina-like material. The present study suggests that most smooth muscle cells in the middle cerebral artery of SHRSP may be modified to adapt to chronic hypertension by increasing the junctional area between muscle cells and connective tissue and that some cells may undergo necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mucin-specific bark lectin from elderberry Sambucus sieboldiana and its applications to the affinity chromatography of mucin.

Three bark lectins were isolated from elderberry Sambucus sieboldiana using fetuin-Sepharose 4B and mucin-Sepharose 4B, and were studied comparatively for their binding to glycoprotein and to clarify various physicochemical features. For each, a unique pattern on isoelectric focusing was noted and their affinity toward various glycoproteins differed, indicating the structures of their carbohydrate binding sites possibly differ. One bark lectin showed specific binding toward porcine mucin. The purity of mucin from a crude porcine stomach mucin or an extract of porcine submaxillary glands could be improved by affinity chromatography on immobilized lectin having binding specificity toward mucin.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Islet cell surface antibodies preferentially inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin release in vitro.

The effect of islet surface antibodies (ICSA) on in vitro insulin release was studied. Isolated rat islets were incubated in the presence of immunoglobulin preparations from patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, NIDDM) and healthy subjects, and stimulated with D-glucose, L-arginine or tolbutamide. After incubation, the amount of insulin release from the rat islets was determined. The immunoglobulin preparations from 5 newly diagnosed IDDM patients who were positive for ICSA, and from 5 age-matched healthy subjects were examined. Even in the absence of complement or lymphocytes, immunoglobulin fractions positive for ICSA significantly inhibited low and high concentrations of glucose-stimulated insulin release compared with normal control (P less than 0.02), but had little influence on insulin release after stimulation with tolbutamide. Arginine-stimulated insulin release was almost the same in ICSA-positive immunoglobulin fractions and the control. Immunoglobulin fractions negative for ICSA either from four patients with recently diagnosed IDDM or from four newly diagnosed NIDDM patients had only negligible effect on insulin release after stimulation with glucose. These results suggest that ICSA in IDDM patients, even in the absence of complement or lymphocytes, may preferentially interfere with the mechanisms of glucose-stimulated insulin release in the pancreatic B cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

An evaluation of an in vivo local sound speed estimation technique by the crossed beam method.

An in vivo local sound speed estimation technique, using the crossed beam method, has been proposed and its applicability was evaluated. At first, the potential of this technique was studied by a mapping simulation using the ray tracing technique followed by an experiment with a cylindrical agar phantom. The simulation result showed that an exact measurement of local sound speed values was difficult, but the sound speed information for the local region (its relative magnitude to the surrounding medium) was emphasized as a refraction mapping pattern. The experimental results agreed well with the calculation results. Furthermore, a clinical application was performed, using the clinical system (modified electronic linear scanner), on two liver tumor patients.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1990

Influence of electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus on ovarian steroidogenesis in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized rats.

The effects of electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), periventricular arcuate nucleus (ARC) and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) on the rates of 14C transfer from 14C-1 acetate into ovarian steroids in ovarian slices of hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized (H-A) rats were investigated. The 14C transfer rates into estrogen and 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20 alpha-OH-P) were decreased by LHA stimulation. The stimulation of the ARC and VMH increased the rates of 14C transfer into estrogen, progesterone and 20 alpha-OH-P. From these results, it might be suggested that these hypothalamic structures were involved in the regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis without participation of the pituitary and adrenal.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1990

Dietary treatment ameliorates overt diabetes and decreased insulin secretion to glucose, induced by overeating in impaired glucose tolerant mice.

Overt diabetes (NIDDM) was induced by overeating in neonatally streptozocin (60 mg/kg.BW) treated impaired glucose tolerant mice. We imposed a food restriction and a high fiber diet to evaluate the effects of dietary treatment in this NIDDM model mouse. Furthermore, insulin secretion after the dietary treatment was studied using the perfused pancreas technique. One group of IGT mice (SZ) was maintained on ordinary mouse chow during 6 to 14 weeks of age. The others received a cookie and chocolate mashed diet (C.C. diet) to induce overt diabetes during 6 to 10 weeks of age. Thereafter, the mice with induced overt diabetes were divided according to their diet treatment. The C.C. diet was continued in one group (SZC) for 4 weeks, and the others were divided into a food restriction group (SZR: 4 g/mouse/day of ordinary mouse chow, for 4 weeks) and a high fiber diet group (SZF: 20% W/W of cellulose in ordinary mouse chow, for 8 weeks). The mean caloric intake/mouse/day in SZC, SZR and SZF were 140, 80 and 98% of that in SZ, respectively. Amelioration of hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance was noted in SZR and SZF. A better glycemic control was obtained in SZF with keeping a normal growth rate. On the pancreas perfusion, the insulin secretion to 30 mM glucose was improved in SZR and SZF. Furthermore, the incremental first phase peak insulin release to 30 mM glucose in SZF was significantly greater than that in SZC (SZF, 10.5 +/- 1.0 vs. SZC, 4.5 +/- 1.9 microU/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Disruption of externally supported knitted dacron graft three years after implantation--a case report.

A knitted Dacron velour externally supported prosthesis was broken in two pieces at the supported portion 3 years after femoroposterior tibial bypass grafting. This type of graft problem has never been reported. Details of the clinical course, angiogram, CT scan, and scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the graft are shown. The externally supported Dacron prosthesis broke into two pieces along the broken coil of the middle portion. A possible cause of this failure may have been due to damage of the Dacron fibers in the process of heat fusing the coil. This presentation emphasizes the possibility of this rare externally supported graft complication, and the necessity for careful follow-up not only of the graft patency but also for the mechanical defects of the implanted externally supported Dacron graft itself.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions in rats.

The role of oxygen-derived free radicals and lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal erosion was investigated in rat models produced by burn shock stress, by treatment with regional hyperthermia, platelet activating factor, and compound 48/80, and by ischemia-reperfusion. In all experimental models, the increase in the gastric erosions and in TBA reactants in the gastric mucosa were significantly inhibited by the treatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and/or catalase. Pretreatment with allopurinol, a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, prevented considerably the gastric injury (a) induced by burn shock, (b) produced by treatment with compound 48/80, and (c) caused by ischemia-reperfusion. By the treatment with anti-rat neutrophil antibody, the gastric mucosal injuries induced by regional hyperthermia, platelet activating factor, and compound 48/80 were significantly inhibited; however, burn shock and ischemia-reperfusion injuries were not inhibited. These results suggest that oxygen-free radical and lipid peroxidation contribute to the formation of gastric mucosal lesions, and that the sources of oxygen radicals seem to be different among these experimental models.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1990

Successful treatment of acute leukemia with t(4;11) in an infant with congenital hypothyroidism.

We describe a case of acute leukemia with t(4;11) (q21;q23) in a 3-month-old girl suffering from congenital hypothyroidism. The blast cells were cytochemically and immunologically classifiable as acute lymphoblastic leukemia of an early B-cell lineage (HLA-DR +, B4 +, CALLA-). but we treated this patient with a protocol designed mainly for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, employing Adriamycin, vincristine, and cytosine arabinoside. Although the prognosis of this type of leukemia is known to be extremely poor, our patient is currently alive and in continuous complete remission lasting 35 months to date. This case may demonstrate a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for acute leukemia with t(4;11) as well as clinical evidence for the mixed-lineage characteristics of this condition. However, the pathogenetic role of congenital hypothyroidism in the development of acute leukemia is still uncertain.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Protective effect of recombinant human interleukin-2 against lethal infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The effects of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) administered prophylactically on the death of CBA/J mice challenged with Klebsiella pneumoniae 27 intraperitoneally were examined. rIL-2 administered subcutaneously at 20 micrograms per mouse for 7 days enhanced survival after a lethal challenge. The injection of anti-asialo GM1 antibody did not influence the effect of rIL-2. In mice given rIL-2, the number of peritoneal macrophages increased, and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) into the peritoneal cavity after the bacterial challenge was enhanced. In addition, adoptive transfer of sera and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), consisting of an approximately equal number of macrophages and PMN, obtained from mice given rIL-2 enhanced resistance to a K. pneumoniae infection, compared with adoptive transfer of sera and PEC obtained from mice not given rIL-2. These results indicate that rIL-2 protects mice from a lethal challenge with K. pneumoniae, and suggest that the protective effect is due to an increase in the number of phagocytic cells and in the cooperative activity of the sera and the phagocytic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Two cases of parathyroid carcinoma in patients on long-term hemodialysis.

Two cases of parathyroid carcinoma, in a 46-year-old male on maintenance hemodialysis for 135 months and a 55-year-old female on maintenance hemodialysis for 64 months were reported. In both cases, the parathyroid carcinoma showed local invasion and the other glands were hyperplasia and/or adenoma, which would support the concept of malignant transformation occurring in parathyroid hyperplasia. The concurrence of parathyroid carcinoma with hyperplasia and/or adenoma is a pertinent feature in patients on maintenance dialysis, although it is rare in primary parathyroid carcinoma.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Neutral endopeptidase inhibitor potentiates the tachykinin-induced increase in ciliary beat frequency in rabbit trachea.

We used cultured rabbit tracheal epithelium to determine the effect of mammalian-derived tachykinin on airway ciliary activity and its modulation by neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11 (NEP). Neurokinin A (NKA) caused dose-dependent increases in ciliary beat frequency (CBF), as measured by a photoelectric method, with the maximal increase from the baseline 15.7 +/- 1.7% (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01), whereas substance P (SP) had no effect. The NKA-induced increase in CBF was not inhibited by phentolamine, propranolol, or atropine, but it was abolished by the tachykinin antagonist [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9]SP. Pretreatment of tissue with thiorphan (10(-5) M), a NEP inhibitor, had little effect on CBF responses to NKA; however, it significantly potentiated the responses to SP (14.9 +/- 3.0%, p less than 0.01). Other peptidase inhibitors, including captopril, bestatin, and leupeptin, did not alter the tachykinin-induced CBF response, suggesting that angiotensin converting enzyme, aminopeptidases, and serine proteinases do not modulate ciliary activity in response to tachykinins. These results suggest that NKA increases CBF by acting directly on tachykinin receptors and that NEP may play a role in modulating the tachykinin-induced stimulatory effects on CBF.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Successful chemotherapy on a pregnant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patient.

We report a case of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patient treated successfully with combination chemotherapy during pregnancy who delivered a full-term baby. A 29 year-old patient with cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathy in the 27th week of gestation was referred to our hospital. The diagnosis of lymph node biopsy was NHL (diffuse, large cell type with B-cell phenotype). Three courses of CHOP regimen (adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone) were given before delivery. The patient has been in complete remission for three years and her baby has been in normal development. Our case supports previous reports that chemotherapy in the third trimester may be given safely on NHL patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Enhanced growth of mycobacteria by culture filtrate of Gemella haemolysans.

The culture filtrate of G. haemolysans enhanced the growth of mycobacteria. The enhancing substance seemed to be effectively produced in BHI broth supplemented with human blood. The mycobacterial growth was inhibited by high concentrations of the culture filtrate, but was markedly enhanced at low concentrations such as 1/32 or 1/64 dilutions. The generation time at log phase was 7 to 9 hours compared with 14 hours for the control, leading to rapid detection of mycobacteria in culture. With sputa specimens from tuberculosis patients, the culture time to visual detection of mycobacterial growth was decreased by 59 to 67%.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1990

Effect of nicotine on norepinephrine turnover and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and metabolic rate in MSG obese mice.

To clarify whether nicotine stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and whether it promotes the resting metabolic rate (RMR), with resulting mitigation of obesity, we measured norepinephrine (NE) turnover (an indicator of SNS activity), guanosine-5'-diphosphate (GDP) binding (a thermogenic indicator), oxygen consumption in BAT, and RMR in monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) obese and saline control mice after 2 weeks treatment with nicotine. Nicotine significantly increased NE turnover, GDP binding, oxygen consumption in BAT, and RMR, and significantly reduced body weight in MSG obese mice as well as in control mice without affecting food intake. These results suggest that nicotine stimulates NE turnover and thermogenesis in BAT, and promotes RMR, all of which contribute to the mitigation of obesity.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗